The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of fea- ture emergence within the process o... more The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of fea- ture emergence within the process of understanding metaphors of the form "A(target) like B(vehicle)" based on model sim- ulation and psychological experiments. Feature emergence refers to low-salient features of a target and a vehicle being em- phasized in the metaphor understanding process((Nueckles & Janetzko, 1997)(Becker, 1997)et al.). However,
The purpose of the present study is to propose computational models of human inductive reasoning,... more The purpose of the present study is to propose computational models of human inductive reasoning, using a statistical analysis of Japanese linguistic data, and to develop a search- engine based on inductive reasoning. Osherson, et al. (1990) provided a psychological model of inductive reasoning based on the similarity between the premise and the conclusion and on knowledge of the category
The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of metaphor understanding based o... more The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of metaphor understanding based on statistical corpora analysis. The constructed model consists of two processes: a categorization process and a dynamic interaction process. The model expresses features based not only on adjectives but also on verbs using adjective-noun and three types of verb-noun modification data. The dynamic interaction is
... Page 2. 780 A. Terai and M. Nakagawa understand. ... Inputting a set of expressions (eg tran... more ... Page 2. 780 A. Terai and M. Nakagawa understand. ... Inputting a set of expressions (eg transienthope and hope disappear) to the model, it outputs an adequate noun for the Page 3. A Neural Network Model of Metaphor Generation with Dynamic Interaction 781 ...
The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of the metaphor understanding pro... more The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of the metaphor understanding process. This study assumes that metaphor understanding consists of two processes. The first is a categorization process; a target is assigned to an ad hoc category of which the vehicle is a prototypical member. The second is a dynamic interaction process; the target assigned to
... the system output the original metaphor hope like pin money as the most adequate metaphor f... more ... the system output the original metaphor hope like pin money as the most adequate metaphor for transient hope and hope disappears. That suggests that the system has the potential to generate more original metaphors than humans. References 1. Terai, A., Nakagawa, M ...
The purpose of this paper is to construct a model that represents the human process of understand... more The purpose of this paper is to construct a model that represents the human process of understanding metaphors, focusing specifically on similes of the form an "A like B". Generally speaking, human beings are able to generate and understand many sorts of metaphors. This study constructs the model based on a probabilistic knowledge structure for concepts which is computed from a statistical analysis of a large-scale corpus. Consequently, this model is able to cover the many kinds of metaphors that human beings can generate. Moreover, the model implements the dynamic process of metaphor understanding by using a neural network with dynamic interactions. Finally, the validity of the model is confirmed by comparing model simulations with the results from a psychological experiment.
The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding mechanism for metaphors represented in ... more The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding mechanism for metaphors represented in the form of “A is like B” (simile) using model simulation. In a previous experimental study[1] , the priming effects of visual images on metaphor processing were demonstrated in a psychological experiment. In that experiment, the presentation of a picture of a vehicle (”B”) interfered
The purpose of this study is to construct a probabilistic hierarchical structure of categories ba... more The purpose of this study is to construct a probabilistic hierarchical structure of categories based on a statistical analysis of Japanese corpus data and to verify the validity of the structure by conducting a psychological experiment. At first, the co-occurrence frequencies of adjectives and nouns within modification relations were extracted from a Japanese corpus. Secondly, a probabilistic hierarchical structure was
International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC 2007), 2007
The purpose of this study is to develop a method of constructing a probabilistic hierarchical str... more The purpose of this study is to develop a method of constructing a probabilistic hierarchical structure based on a statistical analysis of a Japanese corpus using a combination of Kameya and Sato's statistical language analysis and Rose's model. First, the co-occurrence frequencies of adjectives and nouns are calculated from a Japanese corpus based on modification relations. Second, latent classes are
Emergence of creative ideas often involves sudden linking of unrelated ideas. Here we demonstrate... more Emergence of creative ideas often involves sudden linking of unrelated ideas. Here we demonstrate that the production of insights about novel metaphor was preceded by prolonged visual inspection of metaphorical sentences. The participants made free spoken responses in a task requiring the generation of semantic interpretations about visually presented sentences, where gaze locations were continuously monitored. We found that creative interpretations were primarily generated from novel metaphorical expressions, rather than from conventional expressions. Moreover, presented words within novel metaphors were visually inspected for longer periods specifically before creative interpretations were produced. Interestingly, prolonged gazes occurred several seconds (∼8 s) prior to the generation of creative interpretations, particularly, in the case of the topic word within the metaphor. These results demonstrate latent cognitive process meditating the emergence of insights, and suggest that the prior visual inspection prompted the semantic representation of the metaphorical sentences, which eventually facilitates creative ideas.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of fea- ture emergence within the process o... more The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of fea- ture emergence within the process of understanding metaphors of the form "A(target) like B(vehicle)" based on model sim- ulation and psychological experiments. Feature emergence refers to low-salient features of a target and a vehicle being em- phasized in the metaphor understanding process((Nueckles & Janetzko, 1997)(Becker, 1997)et al.). However,
The purpose of the present study is to propose computational models of human inductive reasoning,... more The purpose of the present study is to propose computational models of human inductive reasoning, using a statistical analysis of Japanese linguistic data, and to develop a search- engine based on inductive reasoning. Osherson, et al. (1990) provided a psychological model of inductive reasoning based on the similarity between the premise and the conclusion and on knowledge of the category
The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of metaphor understanding based o... more The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of metaphor understanding based on statistical corpora analysis. The constructed model consists of two processes: a categorization process and a dynamic interaction process. The model expresses features based not only on adjectives but also on verbs using adjective-noun and three types of verb-noun modification data. The dynamic interaction is
... Page 2. 780 A. Terai and M. Nakagawa understand. ... Inputting a set of expressions (eg tran... more ... Page 2. 780 A. Terai and M. Nakagawa understand. ... Inputting a set of expressions (eg transienthope and hope disappear) to the model, it outputs an adequate noun for the Page 3. A Neural Network Model of Metaphor Generation with Dynamic Interaction 781 ...
The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of the metaphor understanding pro... more The purpose of this study is to construct a computational model of the metaphor understanding process. This study assumes that metaphor understanding consists of two processes. The first is a categorization process; a target is assigned to an ad hoc category of which the vehicle is a prototypical member. The second is a dynamic interaction process; the target assigned to
... the system output the original metaphor hope like pin money as the most adequate metaphor f... more ... the system output the original metaphor hope like pin money as the most adequate metaphor for transient hope and hope disappears. That suggests that the system has the potential to generate more original metaphors than humans. References 1. Terai, A., Nakagawa, M ...
The purpose of this paper is to construct a model that represents the human process of understand... more The purpose of this paper is to construct a model that represents the human process of understanding metaphors, focusing specifically on similes of the form an "A like B". Generally speaking, human beings are able to generate and understand many sorts of metaphors. This study constructs the model based on a probabilistic knowledge structure for concepts which is computed from a statistical analysis of a large-scale corpus. Consequently, this model is able to cover the many kinds of metaphors that human beings can generate. Moreover, the model implements the dynamic process of metaphor understanding by using a neural network with dynamic interactions. Finally, the validity of the model is confirmed by comparing model simulations with the results from a psychological experiment.
The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding mechanism for metaphors represented in ... more The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding mechanism for metaphors represented in the form of “A is like B” (simile) using model simulation. In a previous experimental study[1] , the priming effects of visual images on metaphor processing were demonstrated in a psychological experiment. In that experiment, the presentation of a picture of a vehicle (”B”) interfered
The purpose of this study is to construct a probabilistic hierarchical structure of categories ba... more The purpose of this study is to construct a probabilistic hierarchical structure of categories based on a statistical analysis of Japanese corpus data and to verify the validity of the structure by conducting a psychological experiment. At first, the co-occurrence frequencies of adjectives and nouns within modification relations were extracted from a Japanese corpus. Secondly, a probabilistic hierarchical structure was
International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC 2007), 2007
The purpose of this study is to develop a method of constructing a probabilistic hierarchical str... more The purpose of this study is to develop a method of constructing a probabilistic hierarchical structure based on a statistical analysis of a Japanese corpus using a combination of Kameya and Sato's statistical language analysis and Rose's model. First, the co-occurrence frequencies of adjectives and nouns are calculated from a Japanese corpus based on modification relations. Second, latent classes are
Emergence of creative ideas often involves sudden linking of unrelated ideas. Here we demonstrate... more Emergence of creative ideas often involves sudden linking of unrelated ideas. Here we demonstrate that the production of insights about novel metaphor was preceded by prolonged visual inspection of metaphorical sentences. The participants made free spoken responses in a task requiring the generation of semantic interpretations about visually presented sentences, where gaze locations were continuously monitored. We found that creative interpretations were primarily generated from novel metaphorical expressions, rather than from conventional expressions. Moreover, presented words within novel metaphors were visually inspected for longer periods specifically before creative interpretations were produced. Interestingly, prolonged gazes occurred several seconds (∼8 s) prior to the generation of creative interpretations, particularly, in the case of the topic word within the metaphor. These results demonstrate latent cognitive process meditating the emergence of insights, and suggest that the prior visual inspection prompted the semantic representation of the metaphorical sentences, which eventually facilitates creative ideas.
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