Résumé/Abstract Discharge measurements over a range from 1 L/s to as low as 0.03 Us require speci... more Résumé/Abstract Discharge measurements over a range from 1 L/s to as low as 0.03 Us require special instruments. A flowmeter was designed on the basis of theoretical analysis and two major design criteria:(1) the flowmeter should be accurate and flexible in monitoring the full range of indicated discharge rates, and (2) instantaneous measurements of hydrographs should be possible.
Soil hydrological properties are highly variable in space. Field measurements of these properties... more Soil hydrological properties are highly variable in space. Field measurements of these properties are costly and error prone. As spatially distributed approaches become increasingly important in current hydrological and ecological modeling, an appropriate field sampling scheme to effectively capture spatial variability of hydrological processes becomes essential. A terrain-based slope classification system was applied to delineate the hillslope into representative hydrological domains.
Abstract Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced real-time control technique that uses an i... more Abstract Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced real-time control technique that uses an internal model to predict the future system behavior and generates optimal control actions by solving an optimization problem. MPC has been more and more applied for controlling open water systems, especially open water channels. Most of the research however focuses on water quantity (water level) control.
Storage models derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) have been confron... more Storage models derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) have been confronted with storage estimates from a hydrological model of the upper Zambezi based on the Lumped Elementary Watershed (LEW) approach. The LEW model has been calibrated on discharge observations and its storage pattern has been validated on storage variations derived from a combined terrestrial and atmospheric closure of the water balance using ERA40 convergence data.
Abstract Recent publications from field and simulation studies indicate that runoff per unit area... more Abstract Recent publications from field and simulation studies indicate that runoff per unit area decreases as the length of the slope being observed is increased. This scale effect has been observed and documented for slopes with a uniform infiltration capacity as well as for slopes along which infiltration capacity is variable. This paper presents the design and testing of a laboratory flume for the study of the processes that lead to this scale effect, particularly for the case of slopes covered with crops.
In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critica... more In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critical for maintaining a'healthy'water system. Many systems still require manual operation, at least for water quality management. When applying real-time control, both quantity and quality standards need to be met. In this paper, an artificial polder flushing case is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to control the system.
Abstract Throughout the tropics, and the Amazon region in particular, only a few experimental stu... more Abstract Throughout the tropics, and the Amazon region in particular, only a few experimental studies have identified the main hydrological pathways and response to storm events. This study identifies the hydrological response patterns and quantifies the main runoff generating processes for two headwater catchments in eastern Amazonia, an area of low relief. Over an 18 month study period, 245 and 55 rainfall–runoff events at the respective headwater catchments were analysed.
In water resources management and hydrology, ensembles are widely used. They present a detailed s... more In water resources management and hydrology, ensembles are widely used. They present a detailed stochastic description of phenomena, without the need to fit simplified models. Climatology can be represented by an ensemble of past measured time series. When long term forecasts are available, climatic uncertainty can be reduced with actual information, resulting in a probabilistic forecast.
Abstract This paper reviews current research on scenario development in water resource management... more Abstract This paper reviews current research on scenario development in water resource management. We provide an overview of existing techniques, highlight any limitations, and discuss future research directions to improve scenario development practices for water resource planning. In water management, scenarios are used to account for uncertainties associated with climatic, socio-economic, and management conditions that affect the performance of water resource systems.
Data from the ERS-2 wind scatterometer can be used for soil moisture estimation over large areas.... more Data from the ERS-2 wind scatterometer can be used for soil moisture estimation over large areas. Unfortunately, according to the product definition, measurements provide information for only the top few centimeters of the soil and are limited to areas of low to moderate vegetation foliage. Hence, the measurements by the ERS-2 satellite would not provide detailed information about the soil moisture content of the first few meters below the earth surface, which is of interest in hydrology and climate modeling.
Résumé/Abstract Discharge measurements over a range from 1 L/s to as low as 0.03 Us require speci... more Résumé/Abstract Discharge measurements over a range from 1 L/s to as low as 0.03 Us require special instruments. A flowmeter was designed on the basis of theoretical analysis and two major design criteria:(1) the flowmeter should be accurate and flexible in monitoring the full range of indicated discharge rates, and (2) instantaneous measurements of hydrographs should be possible.
Soil hydrological properties are highly variable in space. Field measurements of these properties... more Soil hydrological properties are highly variable in space. Field measurements of these properties are costly and error prone. As spatially distributed approaches become increasingly important in current hydrological and ecological modeling, an appropriate field sampling scheme to effectively capture spatial variability of hydrological processes becomes essential. A terrain-based slope classification system was applied to delineate the hillslope into representative hydrological domains.
Abstract Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced real-time control technique that uses an i... more Abstract Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced real-time control technique that uses an internal model to predict the future system behavior and generates optimal control actions by solving an optimization problem. MPC has been more and more applied for controlling open water systems, especially open water channels. Most of the research however focuses on water quantity (water level) control.
Storage models derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) have been confron... more Storage models derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) have been confronted with storage estimates from a hydrological model of the upper Zambezi based on the Lumped Elementary Watershed (LEW) approach. The LEW model has been calibrated on discharge observations and its storage pattern has been validated on storage variations derived from a combined terrestrial and atmospheric closure of the water balance using ERA40 convergence data.
Abstract Recent publications from field and simulation studies indicate that runoff per unit area... more Abstract Recent publications from field and simulation studies indicate that runoff per unit area decreases as the length of the slope being observed is increased. This scale effect has been observed and documented for slopes with a uniform infiltration capacity as well as for slopes along which infiltration capacity is variable. This paper presents the design and testing of a laboratory flume for the study of the processes that lead to this scale effect, particularly for the case of slopes covered with crops.
In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critica... more In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critical for maintaining a'healthy'water system. Many systems still require manual operation, at least for water quality management. When applying real-time control, both quantity and quality standards need to be met. In this paper, an artificial polder flushing case is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to control the system.
Abstract Throughout the tropics, and the Amazon region in particular, only a few experimental stu... more Abstract Throughout the tropics, and the Amazon region in particular, only a few experimental studies have identified the main hydrological pathways and response to storm events. This study identifies the hydrological response patterns and quantifies the main runoff generating processes for two headwater catchments in eastern Amazonia, an area of low relief. Over an 18 month study period, 245 and 55 rainfall–runoff events at the respective headwater catchments were analysed.
In water resources management and hydrology, ensembles are widely used. They present a detailed s... more In water resources management and hydrology, ensembles are widely used. They present a detailed stochastic description of phenomena, without the need to fit simplified models. Climatology can be represented by an ensemble of past measured time series. When long term forecasts are available, climatic uncertainty can be reduced with actual information, resulting in a probabilistic forecast.
Abstract This paper reviews current research on scenario development in water resource management... more Abstract This paper reviews current research on scenario development in water resource management. We provide an overview of existing techniques, highlight any limitations, and discuss future research directions to improve scenario development practices for water resource planning. In water management, scenarios are used to account for uncertainties associated with climatic, socio-economic, and management conditions that affect the performance of water resource systems.
Data from the ERS-2 wind scatterometer can be used for soil moisture estimation over large areas.... more Data from the ERS-2 wind scatterometer can be used for soil moisture estimation over large areas. Unfortunately, according to the product definition, measurements provide information for only the top few centimeters of the soil and are limited to areas of low to moderate vegetation foliage. Hence, the measurements by the ERS-2 satellite would not provide detailed information about the soil moisture content of the first few meters below the earth surface, which is of interest in hydrology and climate modeling.
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