Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, Nov 1, 2012
Multi-junction solar cells play an important and significant role in the Concentrated Photovoltai... more Multi-junction solar cells play an important and significant role in the Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems. Recent developments in Concentrated Photovoltaic concerning high power production and cost effective-ness along with better efficiency are due to the advancements in multi-junction cells. Boeing SpectroLab Inc. has introduced a Multi-junction solar cell employing tunnel junctions which improves efficiency up to 40%.
2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the eve... more ABSTRACT Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increasing energy demand and provide economic benefit to all of it's stakeholders. Moreover, emerging concept of smart pricing and advances in load control can provide new business opportunities for demand side management service provider or aggregator. The aggregator act as a third party between the electricity supply system and the consumers, and facilitate consumers to actively participate in Demand Side Management (DSM) by bidding price against power reduction with some constraints. This work develops a novel algorithm for aggregated demand response for smart distribution network. Simulations are carried out which identify the demand reduction bids and consumer constraints. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm demonstrate the potential impact of an aggregated demand response on the power system.
2011 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Middle East, 2011
Abstract Optimizing the operation of power generation systems is one of the core objectives of Sm... more Abstract Optimizing the operation of power generation systems is one of the core objectives of Smart Grid. The area of Smart Grid focuses on this issue is Demand Response (DR). DR is an essential tool to limit the demand to flatten spikes. This can reduce the need of peak power generation units which normally are less efficient and operational for only very short time interval. Eliminating the peak power generation units will cut the price of electricity by a significant amount. This paper discusses about the implementation of variable price ...
The distributed resources – distributed generations, storage, electric vehicles and smart applian... more The distributed resources – distributed generations, storage, electric vehicles and smart appliances – have fueled many disruptions in the conventional grid dynamics. Increasing tough and competitive situations at demand-side have led the stakeholders of power system to reform, because people are more informed and can make decisions that has given rise to turbulent and volatile electricity markets. In such highly diversified and open market environment, the integrated control strategy has expedited the concept of Demand Response. Currently, the important questions in the area of demand response are likely to shift from whether to adopt dynamic pricing to how to achieve fast demand response by the combination of technology and a competitive retail electricity market.This paper assembles the part and parcel in the light of existing technologies for the development of the concept of agility in demand response, that can play a role as a service package which is designed to meet the customer satisfaction efficiently and reliably as well as improve the market responsiveness.For the first time, this paper encompasses the concept of Agile Demand Response that is defined as the ability of power system to survive and prosper in the competitive retail market by reacting to the market needs fast and effectively which are driven by the customers. This paper also presents the key enablers of the agile demand response, which are (1) Retail Market, (2) Virtual Supply-demand matching mechanism, (3) Integrated information system and (4) Stay Committed. The paper concludes that by bringing the enablers together – Agile DR improves the responsiveness to the retail market changes unambiguously.
With the development of the Smart Grid, Direct Load Control (DLC) can be implemented in such a wa... more With the development of the Smart Grid, Direct Load Control (DLC) can be implemented in such a way that consumer can be motivated to participate in it while satisfying ON/OFF constraints of his/her devices. This paper introduces the concept of Consolidated Demand Reduction Bid (CDRB) and develops a dynamic algorithm to compute the same for a consumer having a set of devices with different ratings, importance and constraints. CDRB consist of various power levels at which consumer is willing to curtail it's load during a particular control interval Pl(k) and the corresponding bid to curtail Pl(k) units of power for a specified duration is F(CPl(k)). The proposed algorithm can be implemented using two way communication between the consumer and the service provider. The applicability of the dynamic algorithm is illustrated using a cases study. The dynamic nature of the algorithm is also illustrated for different choices of the service provider.
The power system is moving into the new era of Smart Grid with the help of advance ICT and other ... more The power system is moving into the new era of Smart Grid with the help of advance ICT and other developed technologies. These advancements made the demand response as an integral part of power and energy systems. Nowadays, the concept of Energy bidding is emerging in the Market-based Demand Response. In order to cope the anticipated challenges of bidding strategies and load scheduling, the decentralized approach by using Multi-Agent System (MAS) is used to effectively manage the dispatchable loads, distributed generation and storage. Therefore, in this paper, similar system model is considered and has an aim to present the complex bid model for time-shifting loads. The proposed bid model consists of six elements, out of which the five elements show the characteristics of dispatchable load and the last element is it's respective bid price. Finally, the paper presents the simulation results of the case study in order to discuss the applicability and efficacy of the proposed bid model.
In this paper, a 3-phase AC/DC converter (six switches) with power factor correction (PFC) is pre... more In this paper, a 3-phase AC/DC converter (six switches) with power factor correction (PFC) is presented. In order to reduce the harmonics due to the high switching frequency of the converter (20kHz); a L-filter, a LCL passive filter and three LCL active filters are designed for comparison with eachother. The paper concentrates on the methods to find the parameters of these filters and discusses their control mechanism. Comparison of these different filters is carried out by simulation results and discusses their pros and cons over one another.
Advance infrastructures have changed the passive consumers into active because now they can share... more Advance infrastructures have changed the passive consumers into active because now they can share information, perform automatic control as well as directly influence the electricity market via demand response (DR) programs. Till today, many DR Programs are proposed in Smart Grid (SG) paradigm and are facing enormous challenges. This paper concerns the DR scheduling problem of the dispatchable loads at the end consumer premises. In DR Programs, the electricity prices vary over time and users receive the reward payment by the energy service providers, if the users modify the consumption during DR events. Thus, the paper devises the independent atomic dispatchable model which could be used for investigation of different kinds of DR Programs. The another objective of the paper is to formulate the generic scheduling problem i.e. how to schedule the operation of the dispatchable loads, taking in account the overall energy cost, the comfort level and the timeliness. Paper also performs the simulations for two different DR Programs namely Time-Of-Use (TOU) and Energy Bidding (EB), and results show that the scheduling problem is suitably formulated for real-life instances and is applicable to other types of loads.
Smart Meter is a key element in the evolving concept of Smart Grid, which plays an important role... more Smart Meter is a key element in the evolving concept of Smart Grid, which plays an important role in interaction between the consumer and the supplier. In general, the smart meter is an intelligent digital energy meter that measures the consumption of electrical energy and provides other additional services as compared to the conventional energy meters. One of the important element that makes a meter smart and different is its communication module. Smart meters usually have two-way and real-time communication between the consumer and the supplier through which its transfer data and information. In this paper, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is recommended as communication platform because of its high data-rate and presents the physical layer, which could be easily incorporated in existing Smart Meters. The physical layer is simulated in MATLAB Simulink and the results are provided.
Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increas... more Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increasing energy demand and provide economic benefit to all of it's stakeholders. Moreover, emerging concept of smart pricing and advances in load control can provide new business opportunities for demand side management service provider or aggregator. The aggregator act as a third party between the electricity supply system and the consumers, and facilitate consumers to actively participate in Demand Side Management (DSM) by bidding price against power reduction with some constraints. This work develops a novel algorithm for aggregated demand response for smart distribution network. Simulations are carried out which identify the demand reduction bids and consumer constraints. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm demonstrate the potential impact of an aggregated demand response on the power system.
Under the smart distribution paradigm, energy service providers act as a middle-man to form the a... more Under the smart distribution paradigm, energy service providers act as a middle-man to form the aggregation of a large number of small consumers and motivate them by introducing an incentive program. This paper proposes an algorithm for direct load control in aggregated demand response programs and introduces the concept of “demand reduction bidding” as an incentive program to minimize inconvenience to consumers. The algorithm will help in minimizing network congestion and thus reduce the gap between the available generation capacity and the demand.
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, Nov 1, 2012
Multi-junction solar cells play an important and significant role in the Concentrated Photovoltai... more Multi-junction solar cells play an important and significant role in the Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems. Recent developments in Concentrated Photovoltaic concerning high power production and cost effective-ness along with better efficiency are due to the advancements in multi-junction cells. Boeing SpectroLab Inc. has introduced a Multi-junction solar cell employing tunnel junctions which improves efficiency up to 40%.
2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the eve... more ABSTRACT Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increasing energy demand and provide economic benefit to all of it's stakeholders. Moreover, emerging concept of smart pricing and advances in load control can provide new business opportunities for demand side management service provider or aggregator. The aggregator act as a third party between the electricity supply system and the consumers, and facilitate consumers to actively participate in Demand Side Management (DSM) by bidding price against power reduction with some constraints. This work develops a novel algorithm for aggregated demand response for smart distribution network. Simulations are carried out which identify the demand reduction bids and consumer constraints. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm demonstrate the potential impact of an aggregated demand response on the power system.
2011 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Middle East, 2011
Abstract Optimizing the operation of power generation systems is one of the core objectives of Sm... more Abstract Optimizing the operation of power generation systems is one of the core objectives of Smart Grid. The area of Smart Grid focuses on this issue is Demand Response (DR). DR is an essential tool to limit the demand to flatten spikes. This can reduce the need of peak power generation units which normally are less efficient and operational for only very short time interval. Eliminating the peak power generation units will cut the price of electricity by a significant amount. This paper discusses about the implementation of variable price ...
The distributed resources – distributed generations, storage, electric vehicles and smart applian... more The distributed resources – distributed generations, storage, electric vehicles and smart appliances – have fueled many disruptions in the conventional grid dynamics. Increasing tough and competitive situations at demand-side have led the stakeholders of power system to reform, because people are more informed and can make decisions that has given rise to turbulent and volatile electricity markets. In such highly diversified and open market environment, the integrated control strategy has expedited the concept of Demand Response. Currently, the important questions in the area of demand response are likely to shift from whether to adopt dynamic pricing to how to achieve fast demand response by the combination of technology and a competitive retail electricity market.This paper assembles the part and parcel in the light of existing technologies for the development of the concept of agility in demand response, that can play a role as a service package which is designed to meet the customer satisfaction efficiently and reliably as well as improve the market responsiveness.For the first time, this paper encompasses the concept of Agile Demand Response that is defined as the ability of power system to survive and prosper in the competitive retail market by reacting to the market needs fast and effectively which are driven by the customers. This paper also presents the key enablers of the agile demand response, which are (1) Retail Market, (2) Virtual Supply-demand matching mechanism, (3) Integrated information system and (4) Stay Committed. The paper concludes that by bringing the enablers together – Agile DR improves the responsiveness to the retail market changes unambiguously.
With the development of the Smart Grid, Direct Load Control (DLC) can be implemented in such a wa... more With the development of the Smart Grid, Direct Load Control (DLC) can be implemented in such a way that consumer can be motivated to participate in it while satisfying ON/OFF constraints of his/her devices. This paper introduces the concept of Consolidated Demand Reduction Bid (CDRB) and develops a dynamic algorithm to compute the same for a consumer having a set of devices with different ratings, importance and constraints. CDRB consist of various power levels at which consumer is willing to curtail it's load during a particular control interval Pl(k) and the corresponding bid to curtail Pl(k) units of power for a specified duration is F(CPl(k)). The proposed algorithm can be implemented using two way communication between the consumer and the service provider. The applicability of the dynamic algorithm is illustrated using a cases study. The dynamic nature of the algorithm is also illustrated for different choices of the service provider.
The power system is moving into the new era of Smart Grid with the help of advance ICT and other ... more The power system is moving into the new era of Smart Grid with the help of advance ICT and other developed technologies. These advancements made the demand response as an integral part of power and energy systems. Nowadays, the concept of Energy bidding is emerging in the Market-based Demand Response. In order to cope the anticipated challenges of bidding strategies and load scheduling, the decentralized approach by using Multi-Agent System (MAS) is used to effectively manage the dispatchable loads, distributed generation and storage. Therefore, in this paper, similar system model is considered and has an aim to present the complex bid model for time-shifting loads. The proposed bid model consists of six elements, out of which the five elements show the characteristics of dispatchable load and the last element is it's respective bid price. Finally, the paper presents the simulation results of the case study in order to discuss the applicability and efficacy of the proposed bid model.
In this paper, a 3-phase AC/DC converter (six switches) with power factor correction (PFC) is pre... more In this paper, a 3-phase AC/DC converter (six switches) with power factor correction (PFC) is presented. In order to reduce the harmonics due to the high switching frequency of the converter (20kHz); a L-filter, a LCL passive filter and three LCL active filters are designed for comparison with eachother. The paper concentrates on the methods to find the parameters of these filters and discusses their control mechanism. Comparison of these different filters is carried out by simulation results and discusses their pros and cons over one another.
Advance infrastructures have changed the passive consumers into active because now they can share... more Advance infrastructures have changed the passive consumers into active because now they can share information, perform automatic control as well as directly influence the electricity market via demand response (DR) programs. Till today, many DR Programs are proposed in Smart Grid (SG) paradigm and are facing enormous challenges. This paper concerns the DR scheduling problem of the dispatchable loads at the end consumer premises. In DR Programs, the electricity prices vary over time and users receive the reward payment by the energy service providers, if the users modify the consumption during DR events. Thus, the paper devises the independent atomic dispatchable model which could be used for investigation of different kinds of DR Programs. The another objective of the paper is to formulate the generic scheduling problem i.e. how to schedule the operation of the dispatchable loads, taking in account the overall energy cost, the comfort level and the timeliness. Paper also performs the simulations for two different DR Programs namely Time-Of-Use (TOU) and Energy Bidding (EB), and results show that the scheduling problem is suitably formulated for real-life instances and is applicable to other types of loads.
Smart Meter is a key element in the evolving concept of Smart Grid, which plays an important role... more Smart Meter is a key element in the evolving concept of Smart Grid, which plays an important role in interaction between the consumer and the supplier. In general, the smart meter is an intelligent digital energy meter that measures the consumption of electrical energy and provides other additional services as compared to the conventional energy meters. One of the important element that makes a meter smart and different is its communication module. Smart meters usually have two-way and real-time communication between the consumer and the supplier through which its transfer data and information. In this paper, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is recommended as communication platform because of its high data-rate and presents the physical layer, which could be easily incorporated in existing Smart Meters. The physical layer is simulated in MATLAB Simulink and the results are provided.
Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increas... more Advancement in demand side management strategies enables smart grid to cope with the ever increasing energy demand and provide economic benefit to all of it's stakeholders. Moreover, emerging concept of smart pricing and advances in load control can provide new business opportunities for demand side management service provider or aggregator. The aggregator act as a third party between the electricity supply system and the consumers, and facilitate consumers to actively participate in Demand Side Management (DSM) by bidding price against power reduction with some constraints. This work develops a novel algorithm for aggregated demand response for smart distribution network. Simulations are carried out which identify the demand reduction bids and consumer constraints. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm demonstrate the potential impact of an aggregated demand response on the power system.
Under the smart distribution paradigm, energy service providers act as a middle-man to form the a... more Under the smart distribution paradigm, energy service providers act as a middle-man to form the aggregation of a large number of small consumers and motivate them by introducing an incentive program. This paper proposes an algorithm for direct load control in aggregated demand response programs and introduces the concept of “demand reduction bidding” as an incentive program to minimize inconvenience to consumers. The algorithm will help in minimizing network congestion and thus reduce the gap between the available generation capacity and the demand.
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Papers by Muhammad Babar