Multiple hypotheses address the selective pressures driving primate canine size evolution, as wel... more Multiple hypotheses address the selective pressures driving primate canine size evolution, as well as the evolution of canine size dimorphism. Historically important ideas posit that canine size should co-evolve with the size of either the incisors or postcanine teeth. However, few studies have considered the covariance of canine size with other dental modules within species and none have assessed the genetic covariance between canine height and incisor and postcanine size. To test the hypothesis that the canine represents a discrete dental module, 17 linear measurements were collected from casted maxillary dentitions of a Papio hamadryas sample (females, n = 321; males, n = 138) for which pedigree information is available. Phenotypic integration was assessed using partial correlations, measuring the degree of association between dental measurements after the effects of sex had been removed. Genetic correlations were estimated using an animal model with sex as a fixed effect. Both phenotypic and genetic correlation matrices show similar patterns and, corroborating previous studies, both reveal an incisor module and a postcanine module, consisting of two submodules. A semi-independent canine module is also apparent, although canine height shows low genetic covariance with other metrics. In addition, this sample shows the highest covariation between homologous dimensions (i.e., length, breadth) among teeth within each module. These results indicate that canine size evolution, particularly canine height, is relatively unconstrained from changes to either the incisor module or the postcanine module.
Across primates, dental development is correlated with life history traits. Phylogenetic least sq... more Across primates, dental development is correlated with life history traits. Phylogenetic least squares models were computed to determine if a relationship exists between relative tooth size and nine life history traits (time to sexual maturity, gestation length, weaning age, litter size, number of litters per year, interbirth interval, birth weight, adult weight, and maximum longevity). Tooth size of each mandibular tooth was collected from adult specimens (n = 1234; 22 genera; seven families). A ratio of tooth size to a geometric mean of three cranial interlandmark distances was used to calculate relative tooth size; males and females were considered separately. Life history traits are found to be highly conserved phylogenetically, with most relationships between relative tooth size and life history traits explained by the phylogenetic relationships (i.e., most feature λ values above 0.9). However, gestational length (males, p = 0.04; females, p = 0.01), number of litters per year (males, p = 0.03; females, p = 0.03), and birth weight (males, p <.001; females, p <.001), were significantly associated with the relative size of the second molar in both sexes. Additional significant relationships were observed but only in one sex or the other. These results indicate that relative tooth size, like dental eruption sequence, is phylogenetically conserved. However, correlative relationships with life history traits persist, indicating the possible use of relative tooth size in the reconstruction of fossil life histories.
It has long been recognized that diet affects both mandibular morphology and dental wear. However... more It has long been recognized that diet affects both mandibular morphology and dental wear. However, the relationship between mandibular morphology and dental wear is poorly understood, partially as a result of the complexities associated with clarifying the intersections of age, biomechanics, and diet. This study examines the relationships between dental wear and mandibular morphology within developmental age groups in order to understand how the growth of the mandible relates to dental wear. Forty-six individuals from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection, age 1 to 21 years, were included in the study, allowing researchers to control for age, sex, ancestry, and diet. Standard mandibular measurements were taken, and macrowear scores for dlp3, dlp4, and LM1 were recorded for each occlusal quadrant. Correlations were found between mandibular measurements and macrowear scores for each age group. Within the younger age groups, mandibular length was found to correlate strongly with wear. As age increased, breadth measurements showed stronger correlations with dental wear. The results indicate that mandibular morphology varies with dental wear in a manner independent of age. As mandibular growth progresses, the impact of the varying morphological characteristics on teeth changes, suggesting mandibular biomechanics change with age. Although preliminary, these results provide evidence that dental wear varies with mandibular morphology, and further our understanding of the foundation of dental wear formation.
Local folklore surrounds the House of Blue Lights, the estate of Indianapolis millionaire, Skiles... more Local folklore surrounds the House of Blue Lights, the estate of Indianapolis millionaire, Skiles Test. As an archaeological tool, spatial analysis illustrates human behavioral patterns through recorded GPS coordinates of in situ artifacts, which define a site’s overall structure. We used spatial analysis to overlay GPS coordinates of artifacts onto a geographical memory map, as well as historical, aerial photographs of the site. A memory map was constructed to define these points and associate them with the original and documented structures of Skiles Test’s land. GPS points from pedestrian surveys were taken from living areas around the main house, garage, and swimming pool. By preserving the remaining artifacts and creating digital representations of this historical site, we are able to preserve more than the physical, allowing public interest and local legend continue.
Woodland Ridge was a salvage excavation conducted by Purdue University in Carroll County, Indiana... more Woodland Ridge was a salvage excavation conducted by Purdue University in Carroll County, Indiana, west of the town of Delphi. The site consisted of at least five burials and an MNI=19. Twelve adults and seven subadults were radiocarbon dated to AD 1180 to 1280. The population has several instances of trauma including blunt force, scalping, and projectile point damage (see more info. in Open Session Posters 41 and 66). 2D and 3D analysis techniques were used to determine if the cuts were ancient or taphonomic in origin.
The Barnett family cemetery contains 7 individuals from the early to mid 19th century, a time dur... more The Barnett family cemetery contains 7 individuals from the early to mid 19th century, a time during the beginning of Indiana’s statehood. The 3 subadults within this cemetery provide an opportunity for a bioarchaeological analysis and understanding of juvenile life history. Previous studies have found that dental development is less likely to be disrupted by environmental factors than skeletal development. Therefore, diaphyseal long bone lengths were compared to dental formation and no difference in estimated age was found. Additionally, there was a lack of skeletal pathological lesions or antemortem trauma, leading us to hypothesize that acute phenomena or infectious conditions are more likely responsible for the premature demise of these subadults. Therefore, these findings suggest that preconceptions of early pioneer living conditions as squalid are inaccurate, as no chronic disease conditions or malnourishment appear to have impacted normal growth and development.
Multiple hypotheses address the selective pressures driving primate canine size evolution, as wel... more Multiple hypotheses address the selective pressures driving primate canine size evolution, as well as the evolution of canine size dimorphism. Historically important ideas posit that canine size should co-evolve with the size of either the incisors or postcanine teeth. However, few studies have considered the covariance of canine size with other dental modules within species and none have assessed the genetic covariance between canine height and incisor and postcanine size. To test the hypothesis that the canine represents a discrete dental module, 17 linear measurements were collected from casted maxillary dentitions of a Papio hamadryas sample (females, n = 321; males, n = 138) for which pedigree information is available. Phenotypic integration was assessed using partial correlations, measuring the degree of association between dental measurements after the effects of sex had been removed. Genetic correlations were estimated using an animal model with sex as a fixed effect. Both phenotypic and genetic correlation matrices show similar patterns and, corroborating previous studies, both reveal an incisor module and a postcanine module, consisting of two submodules. A semi-independent canine module is also apparent, although canine height shows low genetic covariance with other metrics. In addition, this sample shows the highest covariation between homologous dimensions (i.e., length, breadth) among teeth within each module. These results indicate that canine size evolution, particularly canine height, is relatively unconstrained from changes to either the incisor module or the postcanine module.
Across primates, dental development is correlated with life history traits. Phylogenetic least sq... more Across primates, dental development is correlated with life history traits. Phylogenetic least squares models were computed to determine if a relationship exists between relative tooth size and nine life history traits (time to sexual maturity, gestation length, weaning age, litter size, number of litters per year, interbirth interval, birth weight, adult weight, and maximum longevity). Tooth size of each mandibular tooth was collected from adult specimens (n = 1234; 22 genera; seven families). A ratio of tooth size to a geometric mean of three cranial interlandmark distances was used to calculate relative tooth size; males and females were considered separately. Life history traits are found to be highly conserved phylogenetically, with most relationships between relative tooth size and life history traits explained by the phylogenetic relationships (i.e., most feature λ values above 0.9). However, gestational length (males, p = 0.04; females, p = 0.01), number of litters per year (males, p = 0.03; females, p = 0.03), and birth weight (males, p <.001; females, p <.001), were significantly associated with the relative size of the second molar in both sexes. Additional significant relationships were observed but only in one sex or the other. These results indicate that relative tooth size, like dental eruption sequence, is phylogenetically conserved. However, correlative relationships with life history traits persist, indicating the possible use of relative tooth size in the reconstruction of fossil life histories.
It has long been recognized that diet affects both mandibular morphology and dental wear. However... more It has long been recognized that diet affects both mandibular morphology and dental wear. However, the relationship between mandibular morphology and dental wear is poorly understood, partially as a result of the complexities associated with clarifying the intersections of age, biomechanics, and diet. This study examines the relationships between dental wear and mandibular morphology within developmental age groups in order to understand how the growth of the mandible relates to dental wear. Forty-six individuals from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection, age 1 to 21 years, were included in the study, allowing researchers to control for age, sex, ancestry, and diet. Standard mandibular measurements were taken, and macrowear scores for dlp3, dlp4, and LM1 were recorded for each occlusal quadrant. Correlations were found between mandibular measurements and macrowear scores for each age group. Within the younger age groups, mandibular length was found to correlate strongly with wear. As age increased, breadth measurements showed stronger correlations with dental wear. The results indicate that mandibular morphology varies with dental wear in a manner independent of age. As mandibular growth progresses, the impact of the varying morphological characteristics on teeth changes, suggesting mandibular biomechanics change with age. Although preliminary, these results provide evidence that dental wear varies with mandibular morphology, and further our understanding of the foundation of dental wear formation.
Local folklore surrounds the House of Blue Lights, the estate of Indianapolis millionaire, Skiles... more Local folklore surrounds the House of Blue Lights, the estate of Indianapolis millionaire, Skiles Test. As an archaeological tool, spatial analysis illustrates human behavioral patterns through recorded GPS coordinates of in situ artifacts, which define a site’s overall structure. We used spatial analysis to overlay GPS coordinates of artifacts onto a geographical memory map, as well as historical, aerial photographs of the site. A memory map was constructed to define these points and associate them with the original and documented structures of Skiles Test’s land. GPS points from pedestrian surveys were taken from living areas around the main house, garage, and swimming pool. By preserving the remaining artifacts and creating digital representations of this historical site, we are able to preserve more than the physical, allowing public interest and local legend continue.
Woodland Ridge was a salvage excavation conducted by Purdue University in Carroll County, Indiana... more Woodland Ridge was a salvage excavation conducted by Purdue University in Carroll County, Indiana, west of the town of Delphi. The site consisted of at least five burials and an MNI=19. Twelve adults and seven subadults were radiocarbon dated to AD 1180 to 1280. The population has several instances of trauma including blunt force, scalping, and projectile point damage (see more info. in Open Session Posters 41 and 66). 2D and 3D analysis techniques were used to determine if the cuts were ancient or taphonomic in origin.
The Barnett family cemetery contains 7 individuals from the early to mid 19th century, a time dur... more The Barnett family cemetery contains 7 individuals from the early to mid 19th century, a time during the beginning of Indiana’s statehood. The 3 subadults within this cemetery provide an opportunity for a bioarchaeological analysis and understanding of juvenile life history. Previous studies have found that dental development is less likely to be disrupted by environmental factors than skeletal development. Therefore, diaphyseal long bone lengths were compared to dental formation and no difference in estimated age was found. Additionally, there was a lack of skeletal pathological lesions or antemortem trauma, leading us to hypothesize that acute phenomena or infectious conditions are more likely responsible for the premature demise of these subadults. Therefore, these findings suggest that preconceptions of early pioneer living conditions as squalid are inaccurate, as no chronic disease conditions or malnourishment appear to have impacted normal growth and development.
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