Passionate about teaching. Research Interest are Marketing, Tourism, Education leadership and administration, Adult Education, Indigenous studies Address: Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
... Similarly is the recent case in 2009 involv-ing a Japanese film actor manabu Oshio, who allow... more ... Similarly is the recent case in 2009 involv-ing a Japanese film actor manabu Oshio, who allowed a sex worker to die while both were using the Ecstasy drug together in the Roppongi district (see, “Actor Oshio Arrested,” 2009). ...
... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A ... more ... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A dialectical theory of consumer culture & branding", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol ... S. (2006), "Current status of Chinese outbound tourism and strategy of how to increase Chinese tourist ...
This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education cu... more This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education curriculum. Social education and lifelong learning ( shougai gakushuu) are terms used to refer to adult education and related activities in Japan. Adult education originated immediately after Second World War with the enactment of the Fundamental Law of Education (1947; revised in the 1980s). Since the mid-1980s lifelong learning has been the more commonly used term. Lifelong learning involves not only going to school to learn how to read and write, it can also involve the learning that takes place outside the classroom—through volunteering, outdoor activities, sporting events, and so on. A literature review was conducted as the means to pursue the aim of introducing ecotourism into adult education. Education for Sustainable Development was examined to see how its contexts can be applied to Japan’s adult education. This paper is aimed specifically at how the host community can learn, from ...
This inquiry will be exploring the various teaching strategies that can best be deployed by educa... more This inquiry will be exploring the various teaching strategies that can best be deployed by educators to teach new immigrants to ease their journey into the classroom environment wherein they will be learning a new language. I will be looking at the phenomenon from the perspective of Anna (not real name) who arrives in the classroom with no prior English background. This research explores why Anna hated school, what went wrong and how it can be fixed so that other new immigrants and teachers will not encounter the same problem(s) in future.
This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education cu... more This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education curriculum. Social education and lifelong learning (shougai gakushuu) are terms used to refer to adult education and related activities in Japan. Adult education originated immediately after Second World War with the enactment of the Fundamental Law of Education (1947; revised in the 1980s). Since the mid-1980s lifelong learning has been the more commonly used term. Lifelong learning involves not only going to school to learn how to read and write, it can also involve the learning that takes place outside the classroom-through volunteering, outdoor activities, sporting events, and so on. A literature review was conducted as the means to pursue the aim of introducing ecotourism into adult education. Education for Sustainable Development was examined to see how its contexts can be applied to Japan's adult education. This paper is aimed specifically at how the host community can learn, from adult education centers in their communities, to practice a sustainable ecotourism. Although there have
Purpose –The aim of this paper is to consider the potential offered by storied narrative like Thi... more Purpose –The aim of this paper is to consider the potential offered by storied narrative like Things fall apart as one research methodological tool through which researchers can understand organizational behavior. Design/methodology/approach- Narrative approach was employed in the study. First, by briefly describing the novel, secondly, linking various scenes in the novel to different organizational culture models and finally, critically analyzing the use of fiction novel to understanding organizational culture and behavior. Findings- Things fall apart may be seen to construct innovative narrative patterns around two shared concerns: (1) to recognize as problematic the concepts ordinarily relied upon to construct narratives about knowing; and (2) to model for readers new epistemological approaches. The effect of this narrative experimentation is to demand that readers become self-conscious about the epistemological processes by which we construct knowledge. I argue that Chinua Achebe developed narrative strategies of fragmentation and linking that not only defer novelistic closure by obscuring the mystery's solution, but also initiate an inquiry into those processes by which we link information into a coherent narrative and call the result ‘knowledge’. Research limitations/implications- This is a theoretical study based on one fiction novel, more future exploration of this method is needed to test coherence and applications. Originality/value- This paper is significant because it recognizes an important change in patterns of writing, reading, and ‘knowing’ that--while initially structuring only detective narratives-will later, as Achebe’s novel suggests, extend to other novelistic forms and arguably ‘modernism’ itself.
This article offers a contribution to the Japan market entry model selection. It critically analy... more This article offers a contribution to the Japan market entry model selection. It critically analyzes the various models such as the eclectic, transaction cost analysis, Uppsala, resource-based, interactive network, and bargaining power models, with examples as they relate to foreign firms that had used some of these models to successfully establish their businesses in Japan, as well as some foreign firms that have failed in the market. Data were gathered from the past academic journals, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), newsmagazines, and other sources. Knowledge of corporate Japan and the society played a major role in gathering data for this study. The aim of this article is not to prescribe or offer a solution for the best-available model to use in the market entry into Japan but rather to act as a trigger for a critical checkup on foreign firms planning to internationalize their business and enter the Japanese market. Since there has not been a specific model designed for a Confucian society like Japan, an integrated model combining all the models together was examined using the market entry in Japan of Vodafone, Yahoo, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bayer Yakuhin as examples. Finally, the article offers some suggestions on how to enter and expand business in the Japanese market.
Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 2012
This article reports that there are distinctly different types of foreign tourists who visit “des... more This article reports that there are distinctly different types of foreign tourists who visit “destination Japan” for various different reasons. While it is correct, in essence, to generally group domestic tourists in Japan, it is not necessarily correct to assume the same for foreign tourists—that is, to assume group homogeneity. Using a qualitative research method, this research classifies the various types of foreign tourists to Japan using their motives and behaviors as descriptive criteria to guide tour planners and Yokoso! Japan marketers, when targeting international tours. The research further identifies the source markets and their regions, which also helps to segment the groups. This is the first research in and on Japan to use a purely qualitative research process to classify foreign tourists to Japan in order to formulate an effective marketing plan.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2009
... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A ... more ... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A dialectical theory of consumer culture & branding", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol ... S. (2006), "Current status of Chinese outbound tourism and strategy of how to increase Chinese tourist ...
In Asamizu, M. (Eds.),インバウン ド観光と留学生 (日本語) 単行本(Inbound Tourism and International Students) Pg. 15-36. , 2020
A lot have been said about the contribution of the Japanese Canadians towards the growth
and deve... more A lot have been said about the contribution of the Japanese Canadians towards the growth and development of the Canadian society. New visitors to any part of the Canada are always surprise to the influence of the Japanese culture in the society. In Spring, roads are lined with the beautifully cherry blossom trees; in Summer, there are vibrant festivals taking place in different public parks and outdoors with taiko drums and beautifully decorated yukata worn by young Canadians; In some public and private schools, children are taught how to make origami and speak Japanese language; Visitors to Canada cannot walk five kilometers in major cities without seeing one or more Japanese restaurant. Japanese culture is littered all over the country. Though the early Japanese settlers in Canada was not welcome with open arms because of several reasons that existed at that time, researchers, oral tradition writers and documented evidence all agreed on one point: Japanese Canadians never gave up trying to integrate into the Canadian society. Some volunteered to fight in both the first and second World wars, even when they were turned away, some travelled far to other provinces to Quebec, Ontario and Alberta to enlist their services for the war. The Japanese culture of Ganbarimasu (work hard/fighting) was introduced into the Canadian society without knowing/ or noticing it. The issei (first settlers) worked hard for acceptance, and year later, the nissei, sansei, yonssei and presently gossei Canadians continue to keep the ‘fighting spirit’ live and well. This paper explores the early arrivals, the problems they faced towards acceptance and integration. Further, the paper explores the present-day Japanese culture in the areas of food, festivals & events, garden, and corporate business. A comprehensive and holistic approach was taken to explore all these areas including the economic contributions through tourism attractions of each of these factors to local economies using past literature review method. Japantown in downtown Vancouver may have been destroyed by the government during the war, however, sketches of life in pre-war era in Japantown still lingers there to this day, and it is a tourism attraction in downtown Vancouver and some buildings like the Japanese school and Buddhism temple building still exist and are designated as heritage building by the City of Vancouver. The paper concludes that the Japanese Canadians have impacted Canada’s tourism industry from the early days since Manzo Nagano, the first Japanese to arrive Canada in 1877 to present day arrivals. From Japantown to the camps that Japanese were housed during the second World war to modern Japanese restaurants in major cities around Canada, Japanese culture is an attraction to tourists visiting Canada and playing a big role in the development of the tourism industry.
... Similarly is the recent case in 2009 involv-ing a Japanese film actor manabu Oshio, who allow... more ... Similarly is the recent case in 2009 involv-ing a Japanese film actor manabu Oshio, who allowed a sex worker to die while both were using the Ecstasy drug together in the Roppongi district (see, “Actor Oshio Arrested,” 2009). ...
... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A ... more ... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A dialectical theory of consumer culture & branding", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol ... S. (2006), "Current status of Chinese outbound tourism and strategy of how to increase Chinese tourist ...
This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education cu... more This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education curriculum. Social education and lifelong learning ( shougai gakushuu) are terms used to refer to adult education and related activities in Japan. Adult education originated immediately after Second World War with the enactment of the Fundamental Law of Education (1947; revised in the 1980s). Since the mid-1980s lifelong learning has been the more commonly used term. Lifelong learning involves not only going to school to learn how to read and write, it can also involve the learning that takes place outside the classroom—through volunteering, outdoor activities, sporting events, and so on. A literature review was conducted as the means to pursue the aim of introducing ecotourism into adult education. Education for Sustainable Development was examined to see how its contexts can be applied to Japan’s adult education. This paper is aimed specifically at how the host community can learn, from ...
This inquiry will be exploring the various teaching strategies that can best be deployed by educa... more This inquiry will be exploring the various teaching strategies that can best be deployed by educators to teach new immigrants to ease their journey into the classroom environment wherein they will be learning a new language. I will be looking at the phenomenon from the perspective of Anna (not real name) who arrives in the classroom with no prior English background. This research explores why Anna hated school, what went wrong and how it can be fixed so that other new immigrants and teachers will not encounter the same problem(s) in future.
This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education cu... more This paper examines the benefits of incorporating ecotourism programs into the adult education curriculum. Social education and lifelong learning (shougai gakushuu) are terms used to refer to adult education and related activities in Japan. Adult education originated immediately after Second World War with the enactment of the Fundamental Law of Education (1947; revised in the 1980s). Since the mid-1980s lifelong learning has been the more commonly used term. Lifelong learning involves not only going to school to learn how to read and write, it can also involve the learning that takes place outside the classroom-through volunteering, outdoor activities, sporting events, and so on. A literature review was conducted as the means to pursue the aim of introducing ecotourism into adult education. Education for Sustainable Development was examined to see how its contexts can be applied to Japan's adult education. This paper is aimed specifically at how the host community can learn, from adult education centers in their communities, to practice a sustainable ecotourism. Although there have
Purpose –The aim of this paper is to consider the potential offered by storied narrative like Thi... more Purpose –The aim of this paper is to consider the potential offered by storied narrative like Things fall apart as one research methodological tool through which researchers can understand organizational behavior. Design/methodology/approach- Narrative approach was employed in the study. First, by briefly describing the novel, secondly, linking various scenes in the novel to different organizational culture models and finally, critically analyzing the use of fiction novel to understanding organizational culture and behavior. Findings- Things fall apart may be seen to construct innovative narrative patterns around two shared concerns: (1) to recognize as problematic the concepts ordinarily relied upon to construct narratives about knowing; and (2) to model for readers new epistemological approaches. The effect of this narrative experimentation is to demand that readers become self-conscious about the epistemological processes by which we construct knowledge. I argue that Chinua Achebe developed narrative strategies of fragmentation and linking that not only defer novelistic closure by obscuring the mystery's solution, but also initiate an inquiry into those processes by which we link information into a coherent narrative and call the result ‘knowledge’. Research limitations/implications- This is a theoretical study based on one fiction novel, more future exploration of this method is needed to test coherence and applications. Originality/value- This paper is significant because it recognizes an important change in patterns of writing, reading, and ‘knowing’ that--while initially structuring only detective narratives-will later, as Achebe’s novel suggests, extend to other novelistic forms and arguably ‘modernism’ itself.
This article offers a contribution to the Japan market entry model selection. It critically analy... more This article offers a contribution to the Japan market entry model selection. It critically analyzes the various models such as the eclectic, transaction cost analysis, Uppsala, resource-based, interactive network, and bargaining power models, with examples as they relate to foreign firms that had used some of these models to successfully establish their businesses in Japan, as well as some foreign firms that have failed in the market. Data were gathered from the past academic journals, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), newsmagazines, and other sources. Knowledge of corporate Japan and the society played a major role in gathering data for this study. The aim of this article is not to prescribe or offer a solution for the best-available model to use in the market entry into Japan but rather to act as a trigger for a critical checkup on foreign firms planning to internationalize their business and enter the Japanese market. Since there has not been a specific model designed for a Confucian society like Japan, an integrated model combining all the models together was examined using the market entry in Japan of Vodafone, Yahoo, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bayer Yakuhin as examples. Finally, the article offers some suggestions on how to enter and expand business in the Japanese market.
Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 2012
This article reports that there are distinctly different types of foreign tourists who visit “des... more This article reports that there are distinctly different types of foreign tourists who visit “destination Japan” for various different reasons. While it is correct, in essence, to generally group domestic tourists in Japan, it is not necessarily correct to assume the same for foreign tourists—that is, to assume group homogeneity. Using a qualitative research method, this research classifies the various types of foreign tourists to Japan using their motives and behaviors as descriptive criteria to guide tour planners and Yokoso! Japan marketers, when targeting international tours. The research further identifies the source markets and their regions, which also helps to segment the groups. This is the first research in and on Japan to use a purely qualitative research process to classify foreign tourists to Japan in order to formulate an effective marketing plan.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2009
... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A ... more ... Japan is perceived to be an expensive destination for foreign visitors compared to its ... A dialectical theory of consumer culture & branding", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol ... S. (2006), "Current status of Chinese outbound tourism and strategy of how to increase Chinese tourist ...
In Asamizu, M. (Eds.),インバウン ド観光と留学生 (日本語) 単行本(Inbound Tourism and International Students) Pg. 15-36. , 2020
A lot have been said about the contribution of the Japanese Canadians towards the growth
and deve... more A lot have been said about the contribution of the Japanese Canadians towards the growth and development of the Canadian society. New visitors to any part of the Canada are always surprise to the influence of the Japanese culture in the society. In Spring, roads are lined with the beautifully cherry blossom trees; in Summer, there are vibrant festivals taking place in different public parks and outdoors with taiko drums and beautifully decorated yukata worn by young Canadians; In some public and private schools, children are taught how to make origami and speak Japanese language; Visitors to Canada cannot walk five kilometers in major cities without seeing one or more Japanese restaurant. Japanese culture is littered all over the country. Though the early Japanese settlers in Canada was not welcome with open arms because of several reasons that existed at that time, researchers, oral tradition writers and documented evidence all agreed on one point: Japanese Canadians never gave up trying to integrate into the Canadian society. Some volunteered to fight in both the first and second World wars, even when they were turned away, some travelled far to other provinces to Quebec, Ontario and Alberta to enlist their services for the war. The Japanese culture of Ganbarimasu (work hard/fighting) was introduced into the Canadian society without knowing/ or noticing it. The issei (first settlers) worked hard for acceptance, and year later, the nissei, sansei, yonssei and presently gossei Canadians continue to keep the ‘fighting spirit’ live and well. This paper explores the early arrivals, the problems they faced towards acceptance and integration. Further, the paper explores the present-day Japanese culture in the areas of food, festivals & events, garden, and corporate business. A comprehensive and holistic approach was taken to explore all these areas including the economic contributions through tourism attractions of each of these factors to local economies using past literature review method. Japantown in downtown Vancouver may have been destroyed by the government during the war, however, sketches of life in pre-war era in Japantown still lingers there to this day, and it is a tourism attraction in downtown Vancouver and some buildings like the Japanese school and Buddhism temple building still exist and are designated as heritage building by the City of Vancouver. The paper concludes that the Japanese Canadians have impacted Canada’s tourism industry from the early days since Manzo Nagano, the first Japanese to arrive Canada in 1877 to present day arrivals. From Japantown to the camps that Japanese were housed during the second World war to modern Japanese restaurants in major cities around Canada, Japanese culture is an attraction to tourists visiting Canada and playing a big role in the development of the tourism industry.
The globalization process has brought together many countries in a variety of economic, social an... more The globalization process has brought together many countries in a variety of economic, social and political relationships, resulting in the world’s economies becoming ever more part of an inter-dependent system. While the process has brought countries together, the process has not been able to establish a stable political relation-ship system. Neither has it been able to achieve the long talked about sustainable development of tourism, particularly in Northeast Asia. In 2005, Northeast Asia represented one fifth of the world’s total GDP, as well as 28.1% of all global trade. These figures have since increased to two thirds of the world’s GDP and 48% of global trade following the admission of China into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2006. The total amount of the region amounted to US$3.0916 trillion accounting for 21.9% of all global trade. The combined foreign reserves of the region (except for gold) stood at US$1.8728 trillion, accounting for 44.9% of the world’s total reserve. It was estimated that by 2010, 100 million tourists would have visited Northeast Asia, with China, Korea and Japan leading the pack respectively (WTO, 2007). However, by 2007 that figure had already been achieved, with roughly 101 million tourists visiting the region (Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau included). Northeast Asia is presently home to the second and third largest economics in the world and the economies throughout the region are still growing at an annual average rate of 5.2%. For a sustainable development to be achieved in tourism, a combination of globalization, cross-border cooperation and collaboration frameworks must first be established. This text therefore introduces its readers to a new Northeast Asia tourism cooperation framework which if achieved will mark the world’s first large-scale tourism alliance between nations. The uniqueness of the book lies in the method of data collection for the research. The primary data has been collected from those who are directly involved and therefore concerned with the introduction of tourism policies in their own respective countries. Though the ‘wish list` of participants was as diverse as the region’s political, economic and social settings, the findings will go a long way in setting the foundations for a tourism alliance in the region, paving the way for sustainable tourism developments. The book ‘Cross-border Cooperation: Strategies for Marketing Sustainable Development Tourism in Northeast Asia’ is quite timely as it comes at a time when Japan, one main economic powers in the region, is experiencing an economic ‘meltdown’ caused by the March 11th, 2011 earthquake and the resulting tsunami that together killed more than 15,000 people and disrupted economic activities throughout the Tohoku region of Japan. At the same time, Mongolia, The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia’s Far East are enjoying a high level of economic growth and the number of international arrivals is increasing. It is hoped that readers of the book will be able to gain a greater in-depth knowledge into the marketing strategies of cross-border tourism, not only in the Northeast Asia countries of DPRK, China, Japan, Russia and Korea, but also the rest of the world.
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Papers by Austin Uzama
Design/methodology/approach- Narrative approach was employed in the study. First, by briefly describing the novel, secondly, linking various scenes in the novel to different organizational culture models and finally, critically analyzing the use of fiction novel to understanding organizational culture and behavior.
Findings- Things fall apart may be seen to construct innovative narrative patterns around two shared concerns: (1) to recognize as problematic the concepts ordinarily relied upon to construct narratives about knowing; and (2) to model for readers new epistemological approaches. The effect of this narrative experimentation is to demand that readers become self-conscious about the epistemological processes by which we construct knowledge. I argue that Chinua Achebe developed narrative strategies of fragmentation and linking that not only defer novelistic closure by obscuring the mystery's solution, but also initiate an inquiry into those processes by which we link information into a coherent narrative and call the result ‘knowledge’.
Research limitations/implications- This is a theoretical study based on one fiction novel, more future exploration of this method is needed to test coherence and applications.
Originality/value- This paper is significant because it recognizes an important change in patterns of writing, reading, and ‘knowing’ that--while initially structuring only detective narratives-will later, as Achebe’s novel suggests, extend to other novelistic forms and arguably ‘modernism’ itself.
Books by Austin Uzama
and development of the Canadian society. New visitors to any part of the Canada are always surprise to the influence of the Japanese culture in the society. In Spring, roads are lined with the beautifully cherry blossom trees; in Summer, there are vibrant festivals
taking place in different public parks and outdoors with taiko drums and beautifully decorated yukata worn by young Canadians; In some public and private schools, children are taught how to make origami and speak Japanese language; Visitors to Canada cannot
walk five kilometers in major cities without seeing one or
more Japanese restaurant.
Japanese culture is littered all over the country.
Though the early Japanese settlers in Canada was not welcome with open arms because of several reasons that existed at that time, researchers, oral tradition writers and documented evidence all agreed on one point: Japanese Canadians never gave up trying
to integrate into the Canadian society. Some volunteered to fight in both the first and second World wars, even when they were turned away, some travelled far to other
provinces to Quebec, Ontario and Alberta to enlist their services for the war. The Japanese culture of Ganbarimasu (work hard/fighting) was introduced into the Canadian society without knowing/ or noticing it. The issei (first settlers) worked hard for acceptance, and year later, the nissei, sansei, yonssei and presently gossei Canadians continue to keep the ‘fighting spirit’ live and well.
This paper explores the early arrivals, the problems they faced towards acceptance and integration. Further, the paper explores the present-day Japanese culture in the areas of food, festivals & events, garden, and corporate business. A comprehensive and holistic approach was taken to explore all these areas including the economic contributions through tourism attractions of each of these factors to local economies using past
literature review method. Japantown in downtown Vancouver may have been destroyed by the government during the war, however, sketches of life in pre-war era in Japantown still lingers there to this day, and it is a tourism attraction in downtown Vancouver and
some buildings like the Japanese school and Buddhism temple building still exist and are designated as heritage building by the City of Vancouver.
The paper concludes that the Japanese Canadians have impacted Canada’s tourism industry from the early days since Manzo Nagano, the first Japanese to arrive Canada in 1877 to present day arrivals. From Japantown to the camps that Japanese were housed
during the second World war to modern Japanese restaurants in major cities around Canada, Japanese culture is an attraction to tourists visiting Canada and playing a big role in the development of the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach- Narrative approach was employed in the study. First, by briefly describing the novel, secondly, linking various scenes in the novel to different organizational culture models and finally, critically analyzing the use of fiction novel to understanding organizational culture and behavior.
Findings- Things fall apart may be seen to construct innovative narrative patterns around two shared concerns: (1) to recognize as problematic the concepts ordinarily relied upon to construct narratives about knowing; and (2) to model for readers new epistemological approaches. The effect of this narrative experimentation is to demand that readers become self-conscious about the epistemological processes by which we construct knowledge. I argue that Chinua Achebe developed narrative strategies of fragmentation and linking that not only defer novelistic closure by obscuring the mystery's solution, but also initiate an inquiry into those processes by which we link information into a coherent narrative and call the result ‘knowledge’.
Research limitations/implications- This is a theoretical study based on one fiction novel, more future exploration of this method is needed to test coherence and applications.
Originality/value- This paper is significant because it recognizes an important change in patterns of writing, reading, and ‘knowing’ that--while initially structuring only detective narratives-will later, as Achebe’s novel suggests, extend to other novelistic forms and arguably ‘modernism’ itself.
and development of the Canadian society. New visitors to any part of the Canada are always surprise to the influence of the Japanese culture in the society. In Spring, roads are lined with the beautifully cherry blossom trees; in Summer, there are vibrant festivals
taking place in different public parks and outdoors with taiko drums and beautifully decorated yukata worn by young Canadians; In some public and private schools, children are taught how to make origami and speak Japanese language; Visitors to Canada cannot
walk five kilometers in major cities without seeing one or
more Japanese restaurant.
Japanese culture is littered all over the country.
Though the early Japanese settlers in Canada was not welcome with open arms because of several reasons that existed at that time, researchers, oral tradition writers and documented evidence all agreed on one point: Japanese Canadians never gave up trying
to integrate into the Canadian society. Some volunteered to fight in both the first and second World wars, even when they were turned away, some travelled far to other
provinces to Quebec, Ontario and Alberta to enlist their services for the war. The Japanese culture of Ganbarimasu (work hard/fighting) was introduced into the Canadian society without knowing/ or noticing it. The issei (first settlers) worked hard for acceptance, and year later, the nissei, sansei, yonssei and presently gossei Canadians continue to keep the ‘fighting spirit’ live and well.
This paper explores the early arrivals, the problems they faced towards acceptance and integration. Further, the paper explores the present-day Japanese culture in the areas of food, festivals & events, garden, and corporate business. A comprehensive and holistic approach was taken to explore all these areas including the economic contributions through tourism attractions of each of these factors to local economies using past
literature review method. Japantown in downtown Vancouver may have been destroyed by the government during the war, however, sketches of life in pre-war era in Japantown still lingers there to this day, and it is a tourism attraction in downtown Vancouver and
some buildings like the Japanese school and Buddhism temple building still exist and are designated as heritage building by the City of Vancouver.
The paper concludes that the Japanese Canadians have impacted Canada’s tourism industry from the early days since Manzo Nagano, the first Japanese to arrive Canada in 1877 to present day arrivals. From Japantown to the camps that Japanese were housed
during the second World war to modern Japanese restaurants in major cities around Canada, Japanese culture is an attraction to tourists visiting Canada and playing a big role in the development of the tourism industry.
Northeast Asia.
In 2005, Northeast Asia represented one fifth of the world’s
total GDP, as well as 28.1% of all global trade. These figures
have since increased to two thirds of the world’s GDP and 48% of global trade following the admission of China into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2006. The total amount of the region amounted to US$3.0916 trillion accounting for 21.9% of all global trade. The combined foreign reserves of the region (except for gold) stood at US$1.8728 trillion, accounting for 44.9% of the world’s total reserve.
It was estimated that by 2010, 100 million tourists would have visited Northeast Asia, with China, Korea and Japan leading the pack respectively (WTO, 2007). However, by 2007 that figure had already been achieved, with roughly 101 million tourists visiting the region (Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau included). Northeast Asia is presently home to the second and third largest economics in the world and the economies throughout the region are still growing at an annual average rate of 5.2%.
For a sustainable development to be achieved in tourism, a combination of globalization, cross-border cooperation and collaboration frameworks must first be established. This text therefore introduces its readers to a new Northeast Asia tourism cooperation framework which if achieved will mark the world’s first large-scale tourism alliance between nations.
The uniqueness of the book lies in the method of data collection for the research. The primary data has been collected from those who are directly involved and therefore concerned with the introduction of tourism policies in their own respective countries. Though the ‘wish list` of participants was as diverse as the region’s political, economic and social settings, the findings will go a long way in setting the foundations for a tourism alliance in the region, paving the way for sustainable tourism developments.
The book ‘Cross-border Cooperation: Strategies for Marketing Sustainable Development Tourism in Northeast Asia’ is quite timely as it comes at a time when Japan, one main economic powers in the region, is experiencing an economic ‘meltdown’ caused by the March 11th, 2011 earthquake and the resulting tsunami that together killed more than 15,000 people and disrupted economic activities throughout the Tohoku region of Japan. At the same time, Mongolia, The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia’s Far East are enjoying a high level of economic growth and the number of international arrivals is increasing. It is hoped that readers of the book will be able to gain a greater in-depth knowledge into the marketing strategies of cross-border tourism, not only in the Northeast Asia countries of DPRK, China, Japan, Russia and Korea, but also the rest of the world.
Austin Uzama