We performed a systematic analysis of gene expression in arteries and veins by comparing message ... more We performed a systematic analysis of gene expression in arteries and veins by comparing message profiles of macaque aorta and vena cava media using a cDNA array containing 4048 known human genes, '35% of currently named human genes ('11 000). The data show extensive differences in RNA expression in artery versus vein media. Sixty-eight genes had consistent elevation in message
Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2003
BNip (formerly known as Nip) proteins, including homologues isolated from human, mouse and Caenor... more BNip (formerly known as Nip) proteins, including homologues isolated from human, mouse and Caenorhabditis. elegans, are a relatively new subgroup of the Bcl-2 family. These proteins are classified into this family based on limited sequence homology with the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 and carboxyl terminal transmembrane domain. BNip proteins were first discovered based on their interaction with the adenovirus E1B 19 kDa/Bcl-2 family protein and since then, their roles in cell death pathways have been actively studied. However, the precise mechanisms by which the BNip proteins induce apoptosis and/or necrosis remain to be determined. To advance our knowledge, we have provided a summary and review of current literature regarding BNip proteins including comparative sequence analysis, mutational mapping of the functional domains, and cell death mechanisms involving disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Since BNip proteins are expressed at high levels in the heart as compared to other org...
Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator ... more Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma, gamma1 and gamma2). The aim of this study was to determine whether the insulin resistance in liver of diabetic animals is associated with abnormal expression of these receptors. PPARgamma mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified in liver of 9-week-old male ob/ob mice as a model of diabetes and compared to age- and gender-matched wild type control animals of the same genetic background. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, using 18S rRNA as an internal standard, indicated that PPARgamma2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in ob/ob liver vs. that in wild type mice. Western blotting revealed greater immunoreactivity of PPARgamma2 in liver from ob/ob mice relative to that in wild type mice. An index of insulin resistance (product of serum glucose and insulin concentration) was correlated with liver PPARgamma2 mRNA e...
The development of high throughput genomic and bioinformatic analysis tools, coupled with establi... more The development of high throughput genomic and bioinformatic analysis tools, coupled with established molecular techniques, has allowed new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In humans, coxasackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease process involving the heart muscle. Early host cellular survival and apoptotic mechanisms during viral infections, as well as immune events, affect myocarditis progression and outcome. Therefore, our laboratory has been keenly interested in infectomics, defined here as the transcriptional events of both virus and host. We first elucidated up- or downregulated transcriptional activities in CVB3-infected hearts by mRNA differential display. Further characterization of these regulated genes including Nip21, IP10, and IGTPase, and study of their role in CVB3-infection are underway. In further dissection of the stages of myocarditis-peak viremia, inflammatory infiltration and tissue repair-we used cDNA microarrays to probe differential gene expression in the myocardium following virus infection. Following virus infection, there are global decreases in metabolic and mitochondrial genes, increases in signaling genes and distinctive patterns in other functional groups. To establish early gene expression profiles in infected cells by themselves, we also used oligonucleotide arrays in an in vitro model of CVB3 infection. Notably, we have found increased expression of transcription factors c-fos and c-jun down-stream of extracellular signal-related kinase, a pathway which is crucial for virus replication and pathogenesis. Our investigations based on gene profiling following CVB3 infection have thus far been fruitful in providing new experimental leads. High throughput genetic analysis has allowed us to simultaneously try on greater than 12,000 potential genetic "glass slippers." Our in vitro experimental plan has enabled us to chart prominent patterns of gene expression, analyzed by novel bioinformatic approaches, and to separate varied and potentially significant gene expression events.
Enteroviral infection can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a major cause of cardiov... more Enteroviral infection can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Serum response factor (SRF) is a cardiac-enriched transcription regulator controlling the expression of a variety of target genes, including those involved in the contractile apparatus and immediate early response, as well as microRNAs that
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice turmeric, ... more Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice turmeric, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties by modulating multiple cellular machineries. It inhibits several intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), casein kinase II (CKII), and the COP9 signalosome (CSN), in various cell types. It has also been recently demonstrated that exposure to
CVB3 myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopath (DCM). DCM is one of the leading causes of the... more CVB3 myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopath (DCM). DCM is one of the leading causes of the need for heart transplantation, so it is important to understand the life cycle of CVB3 and its interactions with the host cell. Infection causes rapid death of host cardiomyocytes by altering normal cellular homeostasis for the efficient release of progeny virion. In this
In humans, coxsackievirus B3 is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammato... more In humans, coxsackievirus B3 is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease process involving the heart muscle. Specific therapy is currently unavailable. Viral myocarditis is a complex, multiphasic infectious-inflammatory-reparative process. To address the temporal dimensionality of myocarditis, array- and nonarray-based molecular techniques, and histological and functional assays were used to help define enteroviral pathogenesis and its relation to heart failure. The application of high throughput genomic strategies and bioinformatics tools - coupled with established molecular techniques - have allowed us to perform a large-scale analysis of gene expression to better understand the host response to viral infection. Differential messenger RNA display, spotted complementary DNA arrays and Affymetrix Gene Chips (Affymetrix, United States) were used to study murine hearts during acute viremic, inflammatory and reparative stages. The observed global decr...
Purpose: Variable ventilation is superior to control mode venti- lation in a number of circumstan... more Purpose: Variable ventilation is superior to control mode venti- lation in a number of circumstances. The nature of the breathing file used to deliver the variable rate and tidal volume has not been formally examined. Methods: We compared two different noise files in a random- ized prospective trial of variable ventilation. Pigs were anesthe- tized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Oleic
The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of viral-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ... more The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of viral-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is controversial. To better understand how a virus-induced IDDM depends on the infiltrating lymphocytes, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was inoculated intraperitoneally into three kinds of mice; virus-susceptible C57BL/6, virus-resistant 129/SV and recombination activity gene-2 (Rag2) knockout 129/SV mice. Pancreatic inflammation and β cell necrosis were evaluated after
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 2008
Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. Sever... more Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. Several viruses have been associated with myocarditis in humans. However, coxsackievirus B3 is still considered the dominant etiological agent. The observed pathology in viral myocarditis is a result of cooperation or teamwork between viral processes and host immune responses at various stages of disease. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are crucial determinants of the severity of myocardial damage, and contribute to the development of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy following acute viral myocarditis. Advances in genomics and proteomics, and in the use of informatics and biostatistics, are allowing unbiased initial evaluations that can be the basis for testable hypotheses about virus pathogenesis and new therapies.
The structural remodeling of collagen is important in biological processes such as fibrosis, deve... more The structural remodeling of collagen is important in biological processes such as fibrosis, developmental morphogenesis and wound repair. Highly ordered collagen macromolecules produce second harmonic generation signals without the need for any exogenous label. Conversely, the cellular components stained with exogenous labels generate multiphoton excitation fluorescence signals. Both these signals can be captured simultaneously to provide spatially resolved structural reorganization
We performed a systematic analysis of gene expression in arteries and veins by comparing message ... more We performed a systematic analysis of gene expression in arteries and veins by comparing message profiles of macaque aorta and vena cava media using a cDNA array containing 4048 known human genes, '35% of currently named human genes ('11 000). The data show extensive differences in RNA expression in artery versus vein media. Sixty-eight genes had consistent elevation in message
Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2003
BNip (formerly known as Nip) proteins, including homologues isolated from human, mouse and Caenor... more BNip (formerly known as Nip) proteins, including homologues isolated from human, mouse and Caenorhabditis. elegans, are a relatively new subgroup of the Bcl-2 family. These proteins are classified into this family based on limited sequence homology with the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 and carboxyl terminal transmembrane domain. BNip proteins were first discovered based on their interaction with the adenovirus E1B 19 kDa/Bcl-2 family protein and since then, their roles in cell death pathways have been actively studied. However, the precise mechanisms by which the BNip proteins induce apoptosis and/or necrosis remain to be determined. To advance our knowledge, we have provided a summary and review of current literature regarding BNip proteins including comparative sequence analysis, mutational mapping of the functional domains, and cell death mechanisms involving disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Since BNip proteins are expressed at high levels in the heart as compared to other org...
Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator ... more Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma, gamma1 and gamma2). The aim of this study was to determine whether the insulin resistance in liver of diabetic animals is associated with abnormal expression of these receptors. PPARgamma mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified in liver of 9-week-old male ob/ob mice as a model of diabetes and compared to age- and gender-matched wild type control animals of the same genetic background. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, using 18S rRNA as an internal standard, indicated that PPARgamma2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in ob/ob liver vs. that in wild type mice. Western blotting revealed greater immunoreactivity of PPARgamma2 in liver from ob/ob mice relative to that in wild type mice. An index of insulin resistance (product of serum glucose and insulin concentration) was correlated with liver PPARgamma2 mRNA e...
The development of high throughput genomic and bioinformatic analysis tools, coupled with establi... more The development of high throughput genomic and bioinformatic analysis tools, coupled with established molecular techniques, has allowed new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In humans, coxasackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease process involving the heart muscle. Early host cellular survival and apoptotic mechanisms during viral infections, as well as immune events, affect myocarditis progression and outcome. Therefore, our laboratory has been keenly interested in infectomics, defined here as the transcriptional events of both virus and host. We first elucidated up- or downregulated transcriptional activities in CVB3-infected hearts by mRNA differential display. Further characterization of these regulated genes including Nip21, IP10, and IGTPase, and study of their role in CVB3-infection are underway. In further dissection of the stages of myocarditis-peak viremia, inflammatory infiltration and tissue repair-we used cDNA microarrays to probe differential gene expression in the myocardium following virus infection. Following virus infection, there are global decreases in metabolic and mitochondrial genes, increases in signaling genes and distinctive patterns in other functional groups. To establish early gene expression profiles in infected cells by themselves, we also used oligonucleotide arrays in an in vitro model of CVB3 infection. Notably, we have found increased expression of transcription factors c-fos and c-jun down-stream of extracellular signal-related kinase, a pathway which is crucial for virus replication and pathogenesis. Our investigations based on gene profiling following CVB3 infection have thus far been fruitful in providing new experimental leads. High throughput genetic analysis has allowed us to simultaneously try on greater than 12,000 potential genetic "glass slippers." Our in vitro experimental plan has enabled us to chart prominent patterns of gene expression, analyzed by novel bioinformatic approaches, and to separate varied and potentially significant gene expression events.
Enteroviral infection can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a major cause of cardiov... more Enteroviral infection can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Serum response factor (SRF) is a cardiac-enriched transcription regulator controlling the expression of a variety of target genes, including those involved in the contractile apparatus and immediate early response, as well as microRNAs that
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice turmeric, ... more Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice turmeric, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties by modulating multiple cellular machineries. It inhibits several intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), casein kinase II (CKII), and the COP9 signalosome (CSN), in various cell types. It has also been recently demonstrated that exposure to
CVB3 myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopath (DCM). DCM is one of the leading causes of the... more CVB3 myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopath (DCM). DCM is one of the leading causes of the need for heart transplantation, so it is important to understand the life cycle of CVB3 and its interactions with the host cell. Infection causes rapid death of host cardiomyocytes by altering normal cellular homeostasis for the efficient release of progeny virion. In this
In humans, coxsackievirus B3 is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammato... more In humans, coxsackievirus B3 is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease process involving the heart muscle. Specific therapy is currently unavailable. Viral myocarditis is a complex, multiphasic infectious-inflammatory-reparative process. To address the temporal dimensionality of myocarditis, array- and nonarray-based molecular techniques, and histological and functional assays were used to help define enteroviral pathogenesis and its relation to heart failure. The application of high throughput genomic strategies and bioinformatics tools - coupled with established molecular techniques - have allowed us to perform a large-scale analysis of gene expression to better understand the host response to viral infection. Differential messenger RNA display, spotted complementary DNA arrays and Affymetrix Gene Chips (Affymetrix, United States) were used to study murine hearts during acute viremic, inflammatory and reparative stages. The observed global decr...
Purpose: Variable ventilation is superior to control mode venti- lation in a number of circumstan... more Purpose: Variable ventilation is superior to control mode venti- lation in a number of circumstances. The nature of the breathing file used to deliver the variable rate and tidal volume has not been formally examined. Methods: We compared two different noise files in a random- ized prospective trial of variable ventilation. Pigs were anesthe- tized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Oleic
The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of viral-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ... more The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of viral-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is controversial. To better understand how a virus-induced IDDM depends on the infiltrating lymphocytes, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was inoculated intraperitoneally into three kinds of mice; virus-susceptible C57BL/6, virus-resistant 129/SV and recombination activity gene-2 (Rag2) knockout 129/SV mice. Pancreatic inflammation and β cell necrosis were evaluated after
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 2008
Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. Sever... more Myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. Several viruses have been associated with myocarditis in humans. However, coxsackievirus B3 is still considered the dominant etiological agent. The observed pathology in viral myocarditis is a result of cooperation or teamwork between viral processes and host immune responses at various stages of disease. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are crucial determinants of the severity of myocardial damage, and contribute to the development of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy following acute viral myocarditis. Advances in genomics and proteomics, and in the use of informatics and biostatistics, are allowing unbiased initial evaluations that can be the basis for testable hypotheses about virus pathogenesis and new therapies.
The structural remodeling of collagen is important in biological processes such as fibrosis, deve... more The structural remodeling of collagen is important in biological processes such as fibrosis, developmental morphogenesis and wound repair. Highly ordered collagen macromolecules produce second harmonic generation signals without the need for any exogenous label. Conversely, the cellular components stained with exogenous labels generate multiphoton excitation fluorescence signals. Both these signals can be captured simultaneously to provide spatially resolved structural reorganization
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Papers by Bruce McManus