Carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns are some of the main reasons why an international environmental agreement is lacking to fight climate change. Many studies discussed the adoption of a border tax adjustment (BTA) to allow... more
Carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns are some of the main reasons why an international environmental agreement is lacking to fight climate change. Many studies discussed the adoption of a border tax adjustment (BTA) to allow countries that would like to implement a carbon tax to level the playing field with imports. The big drawback from these studies is that the other country is not allowed to react by adopting itself a carbon tax to avoid being punished with the BTA. The model proposed in this paper looks at the optimization of two different governments and their respective firms. Parametric values inside the set [0, 1) are used to represent the possible extents of the BTA depending on both countries environmental policy allowing countries to have different carbon policies. The result that a BTA parameter of 0.5 yields the highest total welfare could increase its acceptance within the World Trade Organization (WTO).
An empirical investigation looked at backcountry enthusiasts’ avalanche danger threshold and what the main factors are that alter that threshold. The study was based on an on-line questionnaire that looked at the responses of 343... more
An empirical investigation looked at backcountry enthusiasts’ avalanche danger threshold and what the main factors are that alter that threshold. The study was based on an on-line questionnaire that looked at the responses of 343 individuals. This survey was published through many outlets, which allowed for a very diverse respondent base with a majority of people being skiers from Western North America. The results demonstrated that the presence of an airbag, seeing someone ride down a slope, the familiarity with a slope, or the presence of a guide contributed to a statistically significant increase in the danger threshold of many respondents at the 99% level. The extent of how many people it affected and its impact is analyzed in the study.
ABSTRACT: An empirical investigation looked at backcountry enthusiasts' avalanche danger threshold and what the main factors are that alter that threshold. The study was based on an on-line questionnaire that looked at the responses... more
ABSTRACT: An empirical investigation looked at backcountry enthusiasts' avalanche danger threshold and what the main factors are that alter that threshold. The study was based on an on-line questionnaire that looked at the responses of 343 individuals. This survey was published through many outlets, which allowed for a very diverse respondent base with a majority of people being skiers from Western North America. The results demonstrated that the presence of an airbag, seeing someone ride down a slope, the familiarity with a slope, or the presence of a guide contributed to a statistically significant increase in the danger threshold of many respondents at the 99% level. The extent of how many people it affected and its impact is analyzed in the study.
