ABSTRACT Shperndarja gjeografike e ullirit nuk eshte e rastesishme, por funksion I veprimit te nj... more ABSTRACT Shperndarja gjeografike e ullirit nuk eshte e rastesishme, por funksion I veprimit te nje sere faktoreve te ambjentit qe kushtezojne gjithe fazat e ciklit biologjik ne korrelacion me me ndryshimet e stines. variteti nepermjet pemes I pergjigjet elementeve te ndryshem te klimes (Temperatura, Drita, era, reshjet etj) me pershtatjet morfologjike. Temperatura eshte i pari parameter qe rregullon shperndarjen gjeografike. disponibiliteti energjitik dhe ujor, kane influence per shume procese te ndryshme fiziologjikesi frymemarja, veprimtaria enzimatike, fotosinteza, formimi dhe degradimmi I klorofiles, cilesia e vajit etj ac ngop/pangopur etj. Midis gjithe faktoreve: faktori qe behet kufizues zhvillimi eshte temperatura. Ndersa shkaqet mjedisore të variacionit vijne nga aspektet mjedisore (VES), mospërputhja e përgjithshme e mjedisit (veg), korelacionet gjenotip x ambijent (VGxE). Te gjitha keto perbejne shumën totale të ndryshimit të mjedisit (VE) përgjegjës për një tipar të veçantë phenotypic : VE = veg + VGxE + Ves
Belul Gixhari ; Albert Kopali ; Hairi Ismaili; Hekuran Vrapi; Rexhep Uka; Petr Smykal a Agricultu... more Belul Gixhari ; Albert Kopali ; Hairi Ismaili; Hekuran Vrapi; Rexhep Uka; Petr Smykal a Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Albanian Genebank, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. b Agro-environment & Ecology Department, Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. c Plant Protection Department, Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University at Olomouc, Slechtitelu, OLOMOUC, Czech Republic
The geographic distribution and diversity of fruit tree species using collection data, and a data... more The geographic distribution and diversity of fruit tree species using collection data, and a database of 592 georeferenced observations, including all 32 species, from 12 districts of Albania was carried out. A grid of 25 x 25 km cells was used to asses’ distribution, diversity and richness of species. To include all species at least once, 34 grid cells were selected. Geographic spatial analysis shows that high species richness occurs in Elbasan, Tirana, Diber and Korça districts, where it was observed the highest number of species, respectively 16, 13, 13, 10 species. For all grid cells selected the summarized results on diversity were: Richness (S) 21, Margalef index 3,133; Menhinick 0,863; Shannon 2.621; Simpson 0.902 and Brillouin 2.546.Combination of species occurrence data with climatic data delimitates the potential distribution of each species and allows the modeling of potential richness at the district level. Precipitation of driest month and precipitation seasonality seem...
Situation, distribution, germoplasm, culture, myths and history of olive tree in Albania is analy... more Situation, distribution, germoplasm, culture, myths and history of olive tree in Albania is analyzed, using olive database in genebank, and external data from historical and archaeological archival documents. Albania belongs to the favourable climatic zones of Olive trees distribution, and is very rich in biological and landscape olive tree diversity. Olive germoplasm, in two principal counties (Vlora and Tirana) is presented by three basic olive populations: Kaninjot, White of Tirana and wild population, with 28 (native) varieties. Albania have 1.7 million olive trees (500-3000 years old), and its 10% is evaluated to be near to 1000 – 3000 years old. The old centres of civilization were considered and the old areas of olive trees. There is a high relationship among Castles (Old Illyrian or pre-Illyrian Fortresses) and old olive trees distribution. It is very significant the fact the great number of Old olive trees is situated near or relatively near castles that were at the same ti...
Fourteen grass peas (Lathyrus sativum) landraces collected in three different region of Albania (... more Fourteen grass peas (Lathyrus sativum) landraces collected in three different region of Albania (Korca, Elbasan and Fieri) were used to assess genetic diversity by quantitative morphological traits and molecular markers. The study, carried out in a randomized design with four replications during three growing seasons (2011-2013), had the objective of identification and selecting the traits with favourable characteristics for use in grass pea field breeding. ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis (method ward) used to assess the variability and association among different traits showed significant genetic diversity between collected grass pea landraces. Study identified the traits with more significant weighting on respective PC variances (days to flowering, and to pods, and to maturity, plant height, leaf size, leaflet length, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, and yield per genotype), which can be used successfully as morphological quantitative markers for evaluation and characterization of the grass pea germplasm. The high amount of genetic variability founded in the present study, available to the breeders, is sufficient for selection of desirable traits and high yield parental lines, and for creation of new favourable gene combinations to sustain field grass pea breeding programs. .
The object of this research is propagation through green macro explants derived from the apical s... more The object of this research is propagation through green macro explants derived from the apical segment of the sprig in the variety “Kaninjot, Mixan, Bllanic and Himara. The parts were treated with Indole-3 Butyric Acid, 1gl¯¹, 3gl¯¹, 5gl¯¹ and Control in four phases of the meristematic development; February (½ asleep), May (active), September (active) and December (asleep). Thermal regimes 24oC/18 p C (±1 oC), the mist technique was applied according to Photo synthetically Active Radiation 5 sec/11-13 k.kal/cm². After 70 days, the percentage of rooting of studied cultivars varies from 23 to 90%. The two IBA dosages have not affected rooting in the same way within each period. IBA at 3 g l¯¹ and 5g l¯¹ gave high rooting percentages for Kaninjot and Mixan cultivars. At high cambial activity, the IBA concentration of 3g l¯¹ resulted more effective; whereas under conditions of low cambial activity, high IBA concentrations yielded better results. At active vegetation stage the IBA in high concentrations shows inhibitory and toxic effect. The concentration of 1gl¯¹, had weak reactions and was inefficient. The control gave low rooting percentage and with significantly highlighted changes compared to IBA treatments. Cultivars have their highest endogenous rhizogenic capacity in May and September, period which corresponds to the active cambium activity. Defoliation has varied between 8.3 and 14.1%. The presence of the leaves has been a stimulating factor for rooting (r²=0.93). The number of roots has increased in parallel with the increase of concentration, (r²=072).
ABSTRACT Genotype improvement has gone through a long path, not only as a result of domestication... more ABSTRACT Genotype improvement has gone through a long path, not only as a result of domestication, but also by the efforts to estimate genetic resources and its selection in our country. In this respect however there will be the necessary selection of the genetic material, especially for the well-adaption to the local conditions and their selection, to overpass the difficulties and to ensure a new perspective of the oliviculutre. Considering this, nothing could be done without the application of identification methods of commercialization, to guarantee authenticity of genetic resources and its by-products. In addition to these methods we will smooth the path of the problems of homonymy, synonymy and toponymy, which are an object of several varieties and have caused and generated great confusion. Research on genetic autochthonous resources have enabled identification of the greater part of genetic wealth in our country, but has evidenced great diversity, which is made up of 65 olive varieties.
Diversity of 630 geo-observations representing local landraces (27 genera and 36 species) collect... more Diversity of 630 geo-observations representing local landraces (27 genera and 36 species) collected in Albanian territory during SEEDN Project on Plant Genetic Resources (2009-2010), and their representativeness in genebank was carried out. The number of observations per species and per district, the area of occupancy, the diversity indices and the richness estimators were assessed using grids cells of 1 x 1 km of 10 x 10 km. The genetic representativeness of collected local landraces was detected creating the circular buffer zones with a 1 and 10 km radius around the genebank ex situ data, and circular buffer zones with a 1 km radius around the external SEEDN collecting data. Geospatial analysis detects areas of high alpha diversity, similarity and differences between 10 principal regions of Albania. Combination of diversity indices as Simpson index (1-D), Shannon-Weiner, Brillouin, and alpha diversity index, found the areas of Elbasan, Korca, Tirana, Shkodra and Vlora regions were...
Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2014
In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian... more In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward’s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and ag...
Assessment of the olive territory thrung bio-morphological and geographical analysis. Abstract: A... more Assessment of the olive territory thrung bio-morphological and geographical analysis. Abstract: Autochthonous germoplasm of the olive with 156 accessions, (O europaea L. ssp. Sativa Hoffm, ssp. O. Oleaster Hoffm, and ssp. Sylvestris), has been analyzed with biological valences of the species (catminate code) and D-GIS (Bioclim / Domain, to identify diversity and suitability of the territory for olive cultivation. Cartography with spatial analysis detects areas of different height diversity levels. (a lot of estimators and variability). In the explored space, 20-37% of the territory resulted excellent for olive cultivation. In the analysis of spatial density, the area of Albania has two major hearths: the Ionian and Adriatic Hearth. In general, 21 genotypes resulted synonyms of 7 standard cv, whereas 21 genotypes resulted homonymous. PCA between correlation matrices of all variables, classified 16 unrelated variables explaining >95 % of total variance. PCoA indexes eigevectors pos...
Genetic diversity and geographic distribution for 403 geo-referenced observations of ex situ medi... more Genetic diversity and geographic distribution for 403 geo-referenced observations of ex situ medicinal plants collection data including 13 species, from twelve counties of Albania was investigated, using grids of 10 x 10 km cells to assess the number of observations per species and per district, the area of occupancy, the diversity indices and richness estimators. Geospatial analysis detects areas of high (alpha) diversity. Combination of study results for Simpson index, Dominance, Shannon-Weiner, Margalef, Brillouin, species richness and evenness, Equitability, Menhinick, Berger-Parker, and Fisher alpha diversity index show that areas of Tirana, Berat, Shkodra, Lezha, Vlora, and Kukesi counties were richer and more even than other areas. Cluster analysis on correlation matrix of diversity indices results shows presence of high similarities among Berat and Vlora counties, Tirana and Shkodra, Dibra and Lezha counties (similarity range from 64% to 80%). Presence of high species divers...
ABSTRACT Shperndarja gjeografike e ullirit nuk eshte e rastesishme, por funksion I veprimit te nj... more ABSTRACT Shperndarja gjeografike e ullirit nuk eshte e rastesishme, por funksion I veprimit te nje sere faktoreve te ambjentit qe kushtezojne gjithe fazat e ciklit biologjik ne korrelacion me me ndryshimet e stines. variteti nepermjet pemes I pergjigjet elementeve te ndryshem te klimes (Temperatura, Drita, era, reshjet etj) me pershtatjet morfologjike. Temperatura eshte i pari parameter qe rregullon shperndarjen gjeografike. disponibiliteti energjitik dhe ujor, kane influence per shume procese te ndryshme fiziologjikesi frymemarja, veprimtaria enzimatike, fotosinteza, formimi dhe degradimmi I klorofiles, cilesia e vajit etj ac ngop/pangopur etj. Midis gjithe faktoreve: faktori qe behet kufizues zhvillimi eshte temperatura. Ndersa shkaqet mjedisore të variacionit vijne nga aspektet mjedisore (VES), mospërputhja e përgjithshme e mjedisit (veg), korelacionet gjenotip x ambijent (VGxE). Te gjitha keto perbejne shumën totale të ndryshimit të mjedisit (VE) përgjegjës për një tipar të veçantë phenotypic : VE = veg + VGxE + Ves
Belul Gixhari ; Albert Kopali ; Hairi Ismaili; Hekuran Vrapi; Rexhep Uka; Petr Smykal a Agricultu... more Belul Gixhari ; Albert Kopali ; Hairi Ismaili; Hekuran Vrapi; Rexhep Uka; Petr Smykal a Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Albanian Genebank, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. b Agro-environment & Ecology Department, Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. c Plant Protection Department, Agriculture & Environment Faculty, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000. Albania. Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University at Olomouc, Slechtitelu, OLOMOUC, Czech Republic
The geographic distribution and diversity of fruit tree species using collection data, and a data... more The geographic distribution and diversity of fruit tree species using collection data, and a database of 592 georeferenced observations, including all 32 species, from 12 districts of Albania was carried out. A grid of 25 x 25 km cells was used to asses’ distribution, diversity and richness of species. To include all species at least once, 34 grid cells were selected. Geographic spatial analysis shows that high species richness occurs in Elbasan, Tirana, Diber and Korça districts, where it was observed the highest number of species, respectively 16, 13, 13, 10 species. For all grid cells selected the summarized results on diversity were: Richness (S) 21, Margalef index 3,133; Menhinick 0,863; Shannon 2.621; Simpson 0.902 and Brillouin 2.546.Combination of species occurrence data with climatic data delimitates the potential distribution of each species and allows the modeling of potential richness at the district level. Precipitation of driest month and precipitation seasonality seem...
Situation, distribution, germoplasm, culture, myths and history of olive tree in Albania is analy... more Situation, distribution, germoplasm, culture, myths and history of olive tree in Albania is analyzed, using olive database in genebank, and external data from historical and archaeological archival documents. Albania belongs to the favourable climatic zones of Olive trees distribution, and is very rich in biological and landscape olive tree diversity. Olive germoplasm, in two principal counties (Vlora and Tirana) is presented by three basic olive populations: Kaninjot, White of Tirana and wild population, with 28 (native) varieties. Albania have 1.7 million olive trees (500-3000 years old), and its 10% is evaluated to be near to 1000 – 3000 years old. The old centres of civilization were considered and the old areas of olive trees. There is a high relationship among Castles (Old Illyrian or pre-Illyrian Fortresses) and old olive trees distribution. It is very significant the fact the great number of Old olive trees is situated near or relatively near castles that were at the same ti...
Fourteen grass peas (Lathyrus sativum) landraces collected in three different region of Albania (... more Fourteen grass peas (Lathyrus sativum) landraces collected in three different region of Albania (Korca, Elbasan and Fieri) were used to assess genetic diversity by quantitative morphological traits and molecular markers. The study, carried out in a randomized design with four replications during three growing seasons (2011-2013), had the objective of identification and selecting the traits with favourable characteristics for use in grass pea field breeding. ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis (method ward) used to assess the variability and association among different traits showed significant genetic diversity between collected grass pea landraces. Study identified the traits with more significant weighting on respective PC variances (days to flowering, and to pods, and to maturity, plant height, leaf size, leaflet length, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, and yield per genotype), which can be used successfully as morphological quantitative markers for evaluation and characterization of the grass pea germplasm. The high amount of genetic variability founded in the present study, available to the breeders, is sufficient for selection of desirable traits and high yield parental lines, and for creation of new favourable gene combinations to sustain field grass pea breeding programs. .
The object of this research is propagation through green macro explants derived from the apical s... more The object of this research is propagation through green macro explants derived from the apical segment of the sprig in the variety “Kaninjot, Mixan, Bllanic and Himara. The parts were treated with Indole-3 Butyric Acid, 1gl¯¹, 3gl¯¹, 5gl¯¹ and Control in four phases of the meristematic development; February (½ asleep), May (active), September (active) and December (asleep). Thermal regimes 24oC/18 p C (±1 oC), the mist technique was applied according to Photo synthetically Active Radiation 5 sec/11-13 k.kal/cm². After 70 days, the percentage of rooting of studied cultivars varies from 23 to 90%. The two IBA dosages have not affected rooting in the same way within each period. IBA at 3 g l¯¹ and 5g l¯¹ gave high rooting percentages for Kaninjot and Mixan cultivars. At high cambial activity, the IBA concentration of 3g l¯¹ resulted more effective; whereas under conditions of low cambial activity, high IBA concentrations yielded better results. At active vegetation stage the IBA in high concentrations shows inhibitory and toxic effect. The concentration of 1gl¯¹, had weak reactions and was inefficient. The control gave low rooting percentage and with significantly highlighted changes compared to IBA treatments. Cultivars have their highest endogenous rhizogenic capacity in May and September, period which corresponds to the active cambium activity. Defoliation has varied between 8.3 and 14.1%. The presence of the leaves has been a stimulating factor for rooting (r²=0.93). The number of roots has increased in parallel with the increase of concentration, (r²=072).
ABSTRACT Genotype improvement has gone through a long path, not only as a result of domestication... more ABSTRACT Genotype improvement has gone through a long path, not only as a result of domestication, but also by the efforts to estimate genetic resources and its selection in our country. In this respect however there will be the necessary selection of the genetic material, especially for the well-adaption to the local conditions and their selection, to overpass the difficulties and to ensure a new perspective of the oliviculutre. Considering this, nothing could be done without the application of identification methods of commercialization, to guarantee authenticity of genetic resources and its by-products. In addition to these methods we will smooth the path of the problems of homonymy, synonymy and toponymy, which are an object of several varieties and have caused and generated great confusion. Research on genetic autochthonous resources have enabled identification of the greater part of genetic wealth in our country, but has evidenced great diversity, which is made up of 65 olive varieties.
Diversity of 630 geo-observations representing local landraces (27 genera and 36 species) collect... more Diversity of 630 geo-observations representing local landraces (27 genera and 36 species) collected in Albanian territory during SEEDN Project on Plant Genetic Resources (2009-2010), and their representativeness in genebank was carried out. The number of observations per species and per district, the area of occupancy, the diversity indices and the richness estimators were assessed using grids cells of 1 x 1 km of 10 x 10 km. The genetic representativeness of collected local landraces was detected creating the circular buffer zones with a 1 and 10 km radius around the genebank ex situ data, and circular buffer zones with a 1 km radius around the external SEEDN collecting data. Geospatial analysis detects areas of high alpha diversity, similarity and differences between 10 principal regions of Albania. Combination of diversity indices as Simpson index (1-D), Shannon-Weiner, Brillouin, and alpha diversity index, found the areas of Elbasan, Korca, Tirana, Shkodra and Vlora regions were...
Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2014
In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian... more In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward’s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and ag...
Assessment of the olive territory thrung bio-morphological and geographical analysis. Abstract: A... more Assessment of the olive territory thrung bio-morphological and geographical analysis. Abstract: Autochthonous germoplasm of the olive with 156 accessions, (O europaea L. ssp. Sativa Hoffm, ssp. O. Oleaster Hoffm, and ssp. Sylvestris), has been analyzed with biological valences of the species (catminate code) and D-GIS (Bioclim / Domain, to identify diversity and suitability of the territory for olive cultivation. Cartography with spatial analysis detects areas of different height diversity levels. (a lot of estimators and variability). In the explored space, 20-37% of the territory resulted excellent for olive cultivation. In the analysis of spatial density, the area of Albania has two major hearths: the Ionian and Adriatic Hearth. In general, 21 genotypes resulted synonyms of 7 standard cv, whereas 21 genotypes resulted homonymous. PCA between correlation matrices of all variables, classified 16 unrelated variables explaining >95 % of total variance. PCoA indexes eigevectors pos...
Genetic diversity and geographic distribution for 403 geo-referenced observations of ex situ medi... more Genetic diversity and geographic distribution for 403 geo-referenced observations of ex situ medicinal plants collection data including 13 species, from twelve counties of Albania was investigated, using grids of 10 x 10 km cells to assess the number of observations per species and per district, the area of occupancy, the diversity indices and richness estimators. Geospatial analysis detects areas of high (alpha) diversity. Combination of study results for Simpson index, Dominance, Shannon-Weiner, Margalef, Brillouin, species richness and evenness, Equitability, Menhinick, Berger-Parker, and Fisher alpha diversity index show that areas of Tirana, Berat, Shkodra, Lezha, Vlora, and Kukesi counties were richer and more even than other areas. Cluster analysis on correlation matrix of diversity indices results shows presence of high similarities among Berat and Vlora counties, Tirana and Shkodra, Dibra and Lezha counties (similarity range from 64% to 80%). Presence of high species divers...
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