Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics & Groundwater Management Congress, 2020
Abrunhosa M, Chambel A, Peppoloni S, Chaminé HI [Eds.] (2020) Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics ... more Abrunhosa M, Chambel A, Peppoloni S, Chaminé HI [Eds.] (2020) Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics & Groundwater Management Congress. Grupo Português da Associação Internacional de Hidrogeólogos, 18‐22 May, Porto, Portugal. [ISBN: 978‐989‐96523‐2‐3]
Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appro... more Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appropriation of groundwater is not obvious, and its impacts are less evident. It can be said that it is an invisible geo-resource but its impacts and problems are visible to mankind, even if often its source is not recognized. Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the fifth fastest-growing city in the world and rapid population growth and urbanization have created huge pressure on groundwater resources. As a result of a lack of surface water storage and the seasonal variability of river flows, Kabul is among the world's most water-stressed cities as it depends almost entirely on groundwater. The findings of scientific studies reveal that extensive groundwater depletion and degradation of groundwater quality in Kabul city is largely due to anthropogenic factors and it is likely to rapidly continue in the future, particularly in densely populated areas of the city. Here, ethics can play an...
Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appro... more Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appropriation of groundwater is not obvious, and its impacts are less evident. It can be said that it is an invisible geo-resource but its impacts and problems are visible to mankind, even if often its source is not recognized. Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the fifth fastest-growing city in the world and rapid population growth and urbanization have created huge pressure on groundwater resources. As a result of a lack of surface water storage and the seasonal variability of river flows, Kabul is among the world's most water-stressed cities as it depends almost entirely on groundwater. The findings of scientific studies reveal that extensive groundwater depletion and degradation of groundwater quality in Kabul city is largely due to anthropogenic factors and it is likely to rapidly continue in the future, particularly in densely populated areas of the city. Here, ethics can play an important role because human behavior is among the main factors creating the problems. So, hydrogeoethical concepts can be assessed and discussed, especially for urban groundwater where human needs (social ethics) and environmental dynamics (environmental ethics) both should be respected. In this study, the most vital questions related to ethical aspects of groundwater management in Kabul city are extracted. To achieve the questions, the water ethics principles and ethical criteria were evaluated concerning the condition of groundwater and the society of Kabul city, as an exercise of applied hydrogeoethics. Finally, six questions are obtained as the result of this study. The response to these critical questions could be a key to solving many dilemmas related to groundwater management in an urban concept. It is recommended to groundwater managers and policymakers explore the answer to these questions and consider the findings in the policies, strategies, and regulations, particularly in urban regions.The questions are as follows:1) What is the level of contribution, obligation, responsibility, honesty, trust, and respect among geoscientists, and engineers related to groundwater management?2) What kind of regulation is adequate for the management of over-abstraction urban groundwater; top-down or self-regulation or a mix of both?3) How education and communication can shape moral motivation for city residents to better groundwater management?4) What is the level of participation of public media (TV, radio, newspapers, etc.) in awareness-raising campaigns related to groundwater conditions?5) Can groundwater abstraction from the deep aquifer (groundwater mining) be an ethical and sustainable policy concerning future generations and environmental ethics?6) How consideration of gender equity and women's participation can be effective in the management of groundwater?
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (...
A Geologia na ocupação humana diacrónica do Vale do Tua: contribuição para um novo conceito de recurso geológico in EHEVT - Estudo Histórico e Etnológico do Vale do Tua., 2017
Author's pre-print submitted to the editor. Printed as: ABRUNHOSA, M (2017) A Geologia na ocupaçã... more Author's pre-print submitted to the editor. Printed as: ABRUNHOSA, M (2017) A Geologia na ocupação humana diacrónica do Vale do Tua: contribuição para um novo conceito de recurso geológico in EHEVT - Estudo Histórico e Etnológico do Vale do Tua. Carvalho, PC; Gomes, LFC; Marques, JN (coord). Vol.3, Chapter 11, pp 60-77. EDP, Porto
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (...
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (ANP) method was found to be more precise and reliable compared with that of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Based on the final suitability map produced from the ANP model, there is 3.7, 15.0, 37.4, 33.1 and 10.3% of the total area that is unsuitable, of low suitability, moderately suitable, suitable and very suitable for MAR application, respectively. As a final result of this work, seven sites have been prioritized based on land use. The integration of multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS is recognized as an effective method for the selection of managed aquifer recharge sites.
Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics & Groundwater Management Congress, 2020
Abrunhosa M, Chambel A, Peppoloni S, Chaminé HI [Eds.] (2020) Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics ... more Abrunhosa M, Chambel A, Peppoloni S, Chaminé HI [Eds.] (2020) Book of Abstracts of the Geoethics & Groundwater Management Congress. Grupo Português da Associação Internacional de Hidrogeólogos, 18‐22 May, Porto, Portugal. [ISBN: 978‐989‐96523‐2‐3]
Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appro... more Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appropriation of groundwater is not obvious, and its impacts are less evident. It can be said that it is an invisible geo-resource but its impacts and problems are visible to mankind, even if often its source is not recognized. Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the fifth fastest-growing city in the world and rapid population growth and urbanization have created huge pressure on groundwater resources. As a result of a lack of surface water storage and the seasonal variability of river flows, Kabul is among the world's most water-stressed cities as it depends almost entirely on groundwater. The findings of scientific studies reveal that extensive groundwater depletion and degradation of groundwater quality in Kabul city is largely due to anthropogenic factors and it is likely to rapidly continue in the future, particularly in densely populated areas of the city. Here, ethics can play an...
Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appro... more Groundwater resources are largely invisible and unknown to most people. Hence, unauthorized appropriation of groundwater is not obvious, and its impacts are less evident. It can be said that it is an invisible geo-resource but its impacts and problems are visible to mankind, even if often its source is not recognized. Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the fifth fastest-growing city in the world and rapid population growth and urbanization have created huge pressure on groundwater resources. As a result of a lack of surface water storage and the seasonal variability of river flows, Kabul is among the world's most water-stressed cities as it depends almost entirely on groundwater. The findings of scientific studies reveal that extensive groundwater depletion and degradation of groundwater quality in Kabul city is largely due to anthropogenic factors and it is likely to rapidly continue in the future, particularly in densely populated areas of the city. Here, ethics can play an important role because human behavior is among the main factors creating the problems. So, hydrogeoethical concepts can be assessed and discussed, especially for urban groundwater where human needs (social ethics) and environmental dynamics (environmental ethics) both should be respected. In this study, the most vital questions related to ethical aspects of groundwater management in Kabul city are extracted. To achieve the questions, the water ethics principles and ethical criteria were evaluated concerning the condition of groundwater and the society of Kabul city, as an exercise of applied hydrogeoethics. Finally, six questions are obtained as the result of this study. The response to these critical questions could be a key to solving many dilemmas related to groundwater management in an urban concept. It is recommended to groundwater managers and policymakers explore the answer to these questions and consider the findings in the policies, strategies, and regulations, particularly in urban regions.The questions are as follows:1) What is the level of contribution, obligation, responsibility, honesty, trust, and respect among geoscientists, and engineers related to groundwater management?2) What kind of regulation is adequate for the management of over-abstraction urban groundwater; top-down or self-regulation or a mix of both?3) How education and communication can shape moral motivation for city residents to better groundwater management?4) What is the level of participation of public media (TV, radio, newspapers, etc.) in awareness-raising campaigns related to groundwater conditions?5) Can groundwater abstraction from the deep aquifer (groundwater mining) be an ethical and sustainable policy concerning future generations and environmental ethics?6) How consideration of gender equity and women's participation can be effective in the management of groundwater?
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (...
A Geologia na ocupação humana diacrónica do Vale do Tua: contribuição para um novo conceito de recurso geológico in EHEVT - Estudo Histórico e Etnológico do Vale do Tua., 2017
Author's pre-print submitted to the editor. Printed as: ABRUNHOSA, M (2017) A Geologia na ocupaçã... more Author's pre-print submitted to the editor. Printed as: ABRUNHOSA, M (2017) A Geologia na ocupação humana diacrónica do Vale do Tua: contribuição para um novo conceito de recurso geológico in EHEVT - Estudo Histórico e Etnológico do Vale do Tua. Carvalho, PC; Gomes, LFC; Marques, JN (coord). Vol.3, Chapter 11, pp 60-77. EDP, Porto
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (...
While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many c... more While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (ANP) method was found to be more precise and reliable compared with that of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Based on the final suitability map produced from the ANP model, there is 3.7, 15.0, 37.4, 33.1 and 10.3% of the total area that is unsuitable, of low suitability, moderately suitable, suitable and very suitable for MAR application, respectively. As a final result of this work, seven sites have been prioritized based on land use. The integration of multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS is recognized as an effective method for the selection of managed aquifer recharge sites.
São Paio (W 08º 43' 46,978'', N 41º 16' 49,165'',... more São Paio (W 08º 43' 46,978'', N 41º 16' 49,165'', WGS84) is simultaneously a geosite, a geomorphosite, an archaeosite and a religious cult site. Its core has hardly 2 ha in area but holds outstanding relevance in scientific, cultural, educational, environmental and socioeconomic terms. It is included in a Protected Landscape Area (Paisagem Protegida Regional do Litoral de Vila do Conde e Reserva Ornitológica de Mindelo) that was recently defined with a focus mostly in environmental coastal assets based on relevant supra-local landscape, geology, fauna, flora, cultural and conservation values and based in sustainable activities, with nature tourism having a bold place. São Paio is here a proposed focal point for the future evaluation of the feasibility of a coastal geopark within the vast Metropolitan Area of Porto. São Paio is located in northern Portugal, 15.8 km north from the Douro river mouth and 6.7 km south from the mouth of the river Ave. It consists in an isolated rocky cliff on this stretch of low northwestern Portuguese coast with its highest point ca. 23 mamsl over the often rough Atlantic Ocean. Its dominion over the coastal landscape is highlighted by Blue Flag sandy beaches of Labruge to the south, and Moreiró to the north. It takes position in front of an extensive low slope polycyclic littoral platform carved at least since late Cenozoic in a crystalline basement incised by small rivers, leaving remnants of a thin sedimentary cover up to the Holocene. São Paio has probably the northernmost onshore outcrop of a segment of an old polymetamorphic continental crust integrated in the Ossa-Morena Zone of the Iberian Massif. The contact to the east is shown here and made through a major tectonic suture with Central Iberian Zone variscan granites and metamorphic rocks from late Proterozoic-Paleozoic. Swarms of deformed and undeformed felsic veins crisscross gneiss, migmatite and granite outcrops. Anorogenic basic dykes and faults affecting them probably relate to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean during Mesozoic or represent later deformation phases, some of them with seismogenic character. Following exhumation, deep geology controlled quaternary geology and geomorphology, not only providing support and materials, but also contributing to its evolution in interplay with coastal processes, climate change and other external processes. In fact, tectonic features at São Paio emphatically constrain geomorphic features like linear cliffs. Neotectonic activity has been proposed as a cause for the unique and peculiar sequence in altimetry of several fossil notches typical of hard rock shores in mesotidal high energy environment. We find here in association with infrequent coeval marine deposits to be dated soon, suggesting standing water levels during the last interglacial period and its tectonic dislocation. Nearby, a small outcrop with a last interglacial marine layer, superposed by a solifluxive formation and aeolian sands TL dated of ca 84.k years BP demonstrates the complex evolution of the environmental conditions and climatic changes during the last 125.000 years. São Paio alone holds rock types of varied origin, evidence of folding, metamorphism, magmatism, and records a rich sequence of shear zones and ductile to fragile fractures, all demonstrating a vast sequence of geological events often discerning clear stratigraphic relations infrequent elsewhere, all with high earth science and educational relevance, whose study continues.
Variscan granite and undeformed pegmatite veins intrude a metamorphic complex probably derived fr... more Variscan granite and undeformed pegmatite veins intrude a metamorphic complex probably derived from a Precambrian-Lower Proterozoic crustal terrane (ZOM) accreted to the east to the core of the variscan orogen (ZCI) along a large deep crustal suture zone (ZCPT) that is recognized as a major neotectonic feature. Granite was affected by tectonic events from ductile-brittle mid-crustal to pure brittle stages in high-crustal settings. High-crustal faults and joints postdate lamprophyre dikes. 5 kilometres to the NE a low angle reverse fault cuts through a probable Pliocene-Pleistocene deposit. The fault has a granite footwall overlaying sediments demonstrating a horizontal compressive regime. It is concordant with present regional tectonic stress. If similar faults were able to reach the nearby coast we would expect previous geoforms to be vertically dislocated from their original or normal position to a higher one in a short distance. We could also anticipate that a leveled geoform could maintain its normal position a short distance from the fault trace. Because faulting as usual is polycyclic it is possible to accept, giving the right local conditions, that geoforms built by coastal processes can also be dislocated in altimetric steps, the older in the top. This conceptual model is being confronted with detailed geomorphologic and geologic observations. This area is the highest point on this coastal stretch, culminating at 20m amsl with rectilinear rocky cliffs. It supports several small remains of marine deposits at different elevations. The lower one consists of a complex outcrop where an aeolian deposit dated of ca 84.ka BP is covering a solifluidal and a marine deposit, lying at 5m. As it is superposed by a 84k deposit, the underlying marine deposit must be from last interglacial (probably MIS 5e). 90 m to the south, fossilizing an almost fresh granite notch there is another marine deposit at 10m. At 19m, the same granite outcrop, almost unaltered, supports the remains of another marine deposit. 18 km to the South (Lavadores, Vila Nova de Gaia) we find a staircase of 3 distinct marine levels, ca 26, 18 and 5m high. However, at Lavadores the bedrock alteration is much stronger in the higher levels than in the highest level at S. Paio, indicating that the southern staircase probably represents marine levels from MIS 5e till at least MIS 9. At S. Paio the several benches organized in a staircase fashion seem to correspond to a younger age, possibly to different relative positions of the sea level included into last interglacial. This could mean that this area had suffered a localized uplift, producing a clear relationship between topography and tectonics. We are focusing on the study of rock structures, trying to identify fragile neotectonic movements responsible for the topographic development of the area.
Sustainable Water Resources Management (Springer Nature), 2024
many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as overabstraction, ground contamination, deforest... more many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as overabstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technicalscientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices. Hydrogeology is a firmly established scientific discipline that studies groundwater systems, encompassing the chemistry behavior and the intricate dynamics of water flow within pores, fractures, and cavities (e.g., Freeze and Cherry 1979). This technical-scientific field delves into this vital resource's occurrence, flow, and quality status while also addressing the management and planning of different and diverse environmental and human interactions with groundwater systems. In addition, the role of groundwater science and engineering shall be pursued through a keen education of practitioners, students, and educators, or in the bold words of Cherry (2023): "We desperately need educated groundwater professionals to manage and protect freshwater resources. The job market for groundwater professionals is buoyant. Over the past decade, many young people have become motivated to work toward a sustainable planet, and groundwater science will resonate with them. Offering groundwater education in a multidisciplinary framework that interfaces hydrogeology with agriculture, ecology, economics, law, forestry
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