“The very “rules of war” have changed. The role of non-military means of achieving political stra... more “The very “rules of war” have changed. The role of non-military means of achieving political strategic goals has grown, and, in many cases, they have exceeded the power of force of weapons in their effectiveness.”, asserted General Valery Gerasimov-Russia’s chief of the General Staff (Chase 2017). This marked a landmark paradigm shift in the way Russia conceive the conduct of warfare, what is sometimes called as “Gerasimov Doctrine”. As Russia started to challenge the US hegemony and upon this the US is concerned about the international liberal order the so-called hybrid warfare pits these major powers against each other over the question of world order (Trenin 2018). After the annexation of Crimea in 2014, the studies on the concept of hybrid war grabbed attention with an exponential increase of publications over the issue (Wither 2016). Recent decade demonstrates that Russia developed itself in tailoring available tools at its disposal to the provisions and conditions of the context in the best manner (Thiele 2015). A paper published by RAND in 2017 inspired this paper to investigate Russian hybrid warfare across Europe and beyond2. Against this background, this paper aims to provide a lens through which the examples of Russian activities under cyber domain and economic realm within the broader concept of Russia’s hybrid warfare is reviewed in a comparable manner.
Societies across the globe has come under severe strain with the outbreak and fast spread of the ... more Societies across the globe has come under severe strain with the outbreak and fast spread of the novel COVID-19. So has the EU as well since it has recently become the new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is this very gloomy context that brings the questions over European solidarity and EU's relevance in dealing with this sort of transboundary crisis to the fore once again. Against this background, this essay will examine the EU’s role and relevance for the solidarity inside the EU with its health and socio-economic dimensions.
Public opinion plays a considerable role in formulation of foreign policy making regardless of wh... more Public opinion plays a considerable role in formulation of foreign policy making regardless of whether a regime is democratic or not. Turkey’s accession process to the EU can be called controversial, thus it would be useful to employ a public opinion narrative in order to better examine developments in the relations and their implications on the relations through the lens of framed public. In this context, based on a survey conducted among the students of Bahcesehir University this report tries to make analysis on Turkey-EU relations in a challenges-oriented perspective. The foremost finding of the survey is that perceptions of the challenges in the Turkey-EU relations appear to be a puzzled one as shown by diverse distribution of the responses to the relevant questions and most importantly by the high portions of Don’t know responses. As a result, a recommended respective survey would be conducted to be able to crystallize grifts.
The issue with regards to resources have always been of paramount concern. It becomes, however, e... more The issue with regards to resources have always been of paramount concern. It becomes, however, ever more important during the times of crisis and wars as they are most needed in those times and scarce in supply. Hence, there emerges intrinsic tension over the resources between parties concerned in a conflict of any sort. Scholarly attention on resources in political economic context has also been increased over the years through Cold War to post Cold War era. The relation between resources and geographies of war received considerable popular attention as well as scholarly attention. Philippe Le Billon has contributed to this literature with his work the Geopolitical Economy of Resource Wars. Resource wars is described as "armed conflicts revolving to a significant degree, over the pursuit or possession of critical materials" (Billon). It originated in US in the beginning of 1980s regarding US reach to oil challenged by USSR (2004). This commentary will first introduce the author briefly and provide an overview of his work. Then, it will lay out prominent ideas in his article and discuss their aspects of interest to this commentary.
“The very “rules of war” have changed. The role of non-military means of achieving political stra... more “The very “rules of war” have changed. The role of non-military means of achieving political strategic goals has grown, and, in many cases, they have exceeded the power of force of weapons in their effectiveness.”, asserted General Valery Gerasimov-Russia’s chief of the General Staff (Chase 2017). This marked a landmark paradigm shift in the way Russia conceive the conduct of warfare, what is sometimes called as “Gerasimov Doctrine”. As Russia started to challenge the US hegemony and upon this the US is concerned about the international liberal order the so-called hybrid warfare pits these major powers against each other over the question of world order (Trenin 2018). After the annexation of Crimea in 2014, the studies on the concept of hybrid war grabbed attention with an exponential increase of publications over the issue (Wither 2016). Recent decade demonstrates that Russia developed itself in tailoring available tools at its disposal to the provisions and conditions of the context in the best manner (Thiele 2015). A paper published by RAND in 2017 inspired this paper to investigate Russian hybrid warfare across Europe and beyond2. Against this background, this paper aims to provide a lens through which the examples of Russian activities under cyber domain and economic realm within the broader concept of Russia’s hybrid warfare is reviewed in a comparable manner.
Societies across the globe has come under severe strain with the outbreak and fast spread of the ... more Societies across the globe has come under severe strain with the outbreak and fast spread of the novel COVID-19. So has the EU as well since it has recently become the new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is this very gloomy context that brings the questions over European solidarity and EU's relevance in dealing with this sort of transboundary crisis to the fore once again. Against this background, this essay will examine the EU’s role and relevance for the solidarity inside the EU with its health and socio-economic dimensions.
Public opinion plays a considerable role in formulation of foreign policy making regardless of wh... more Public opinion plays a considerable role in formulation of foreign policy making regardless of whether a regime is democratic or not. Turkey’s accession process to the EU can be called controversial, thus it would be useful to employ a public opinion narrative in order to better examine developments in the relations and their implications on the relations through the lens of framed public. In this context, based on a survey conducted among the students of Bahcesehir University this report tries to make analysis on Turkey-EU relations in a challenges-oriented perspective. The foremost finding of the survey is that perceptions of the challenges in the Turkey-EU relations appear to be a puzzled one as shown by diverse distribution of the responses to the relevant questions and most importantly by the high portions of Don’t know responses. As a result, a recommended respective survey would be conducted to be able to crystallize grifts.
The issue with regards to resources have always been of paramount concern. It becomes, however, e... more The issue with regards to resources have always been of paramount concern. It becomes, however, ever more important during the times of crisis and wars as they are most needed in those times and scarce in supply. Hence, there emerges intrinsic tension over the resources between parties concerned in a conflict of any sort. Scholarly attention on resources in political economic context has also been increased over the years through Cold War to post Cold War era. The relation between resources and geographies of war received considerable popular attention as well as scholarly attention. Philippe Le Billon has contributed to this literature with his work the Geopolitical Economy of Resource Wars. Resource wars is described as "armed conflicts revolving to a significant degree, over the pursuit or possession of critical materials" (Billon). It originated in US in the beginning of 1980s regarding US reach to oil challenged by USSR (2004). This commentary will first introduce the author briefly and provide an overview of his work. Then, it will lay out prominent ideas in his article and discuss their aspects of interest to this commentary.
Uploads
Drafts by Hakan Yapar
Papers by Hakan Yapar