The phenomenon of musth is a very stressful event, both behaviorally and physiologically. An ACTH... more The phenomenon of musth is a very stressful event, both behaviorally and physiologically. An ACTH stimulation test was conducted in four adult Asian bull elephants to investigate the possibility that the classical hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is active during musth, resulting in an increase in adrenally produced steroids. Serum cortisol, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4), androstenediol (A5), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured. Cortisol increased 3-10 times above baseline in response to ACTH stimulation, and DHEA doubled. A4 and A5 were erratic, while testosterone decreased significantly in all bulls. The pattern of results suggests that the adrenal steroid increase which occurs during musth results from some mechanism other than the classical HPA axis.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Jul 22, 2017
Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied. To desc... more Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied. To describe day-to-day menstrual cycle hormones in women as they approach menopause from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Daily Hormone Study (DHS). DHS enrollees collected daily urine for one entire menstrual cycle or up to 50 days, whichever came first, annually, up to the final menstrual period (FMP) or for up to 10 years. 7 sites across the US. 511 premenopausal or early perimenopausal women at enrollment, within 10 years before menopause. time-to-FMP measurement. Evidence of luteal activity (ELA), determined using objective algorithms. Menstrual cycle/segment length; whole cycle and segment integrated urinary LH, FSH, estrone conjugates (E1c) and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg) for each year, organized around the FMP. Mean menstrual cycle length was remarkably preserved at 26-27 days in ELA cycles; non-ELA cycles had greater variability. The % cycles that were ELA re...
Smoking, diet and physical activity may impact chronic diseases, in part, by promoting or attenua... more Smoking, diet and physical activity may impact chronic diseases, in part, by promoting or attenuating oxidative stress. We evaluated associations between lifestyle factors and urine F 2a-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress among 1610 participants of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at baseline and year 05 (Y05). These data were related to Y05 urinary F 2a-isoprostane concentration with regression analyses. Median urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration was 433 ng/L overall, 917 ng/L in smokers (inter-quartile range: 467, 1832 ng/L) and 403 ng/L in non-smokers (inter-quartile range: 228, 709 ng/L; P<0.0001 for difference). Higher trans fat intake was associated with higher urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration; partial Spearman correlations (ρ x|y) between Y05 urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration and trans fatty acids were 0.19 (P=0.03) and 0.13 (P <0.0001) in smokers and non-smokers, respectively. Increased log trans fat intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with higher concentration of logurine F 2a-isoprostanes in non-smokers (β=0.131, SE=0.04, P =0.0003). In non-smokers, the partial correlation (ρ x|y) between lutein and urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration was −0.13 (P <0.0001). Increased intake of log lutein from baseline to Y05 was also associated with lower log urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration (β= −0.096, SE=0.03, P =0.0005) in non-smokers. Increased zinc intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with lower log urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration in smokers and non-smokers (β= −0.346, SE=0.14, P =0.01), and −0.117, 0.04 (P =0.001), respectively]. In conclusion, diet (fat subtypes, zinc, vegetable components) and smoking were associated with urine F 2a-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress.
Background: It has been speculated that gender differences in car- diovascular disease (CVD) mort... more Background: It has been speculated that gender differences in car- diovascular disease (CVD) mortality can be attributed to the effects of estrogens on inflammation and hemostatic marker profiles. There- fore, we evaluated endogenous hormone concentrations, menopause transition stages, and adoption of exogenous hormone use in relation to hemostatic and inflammation marker concentrations in women. Methods: Longitudinally, we studied 3302 participants
Goal: The goal of this study was to relate annually measured en- dogenous androgens to hemostatic... more Goal: The goal of this study was to relate annually measured en- dogenous androgens to hemostatic and inflammation markers in women longitudinally. Methods:Atotalof3302participantsfromtheStudyofWomen'sHealth Across the Nation, aged 42-52 yr at baseline and self-identified as African-American (28%), Caucasian (47%), Chinese (8%), Hispanic (8%), or Japanese (9%) were evaluated for testosterone (T), dehydroepiandro- sterone sulfate, and SHBG at four time points in
It is well documented that estrogen increases dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal cells of y... more It is well documented that estrogen increases dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal cells of young female rats. However, this effect is attenuated in aged rats. We report here a quantitative analysis of estrogen effects on hippocampal spine number as visualized with antispinophilin in young (6-8 years old) and aged (19-23 years old) female rhesus monkeys, a species with a pattern of female endocrine senescence comparable to that of humans. Monkeys were ovariectomized and administered either vehicle or estradiol cypionate 3 months postovariectomy, followed by an additional dose 3 weeks later, with perfusion 24 hours after the last estrogen treatment. Immunolocalization of spinophilin, a spine-associated protein, was used for quantitative stereologic analyses of total spinophilin-immunoreactive spine numbers in CA1 stratum radiatum and the inner and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus. In both young and aged female monkeys, the estrogen-treated groups had an increase in spinoph...
Context: It is important to characterize the biological activity of circulatingandrogenicsteroidh... more Context: It is important to characterize the biological activity of circulatingandrogenicsteroidhormonesduringthemenopausaltran- sition because these appear to impact the metabolic and cardiovas- cular health risk factors of women. Objective:The objective of the study was to develop and characterize a cell-based bioassay that measures the androgen receptor-mediated signal transduction in serum. Design: This was a clinically relevant experimental study nested in a
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Norplant implants on ovarian horm... more Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Norplant implants on ovarian hormone secretion and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees. Urine samples were collected during one natural cycle before (n= 5 females) and one cycle∼ 6 months ...
The phenomenon of musth is a very stressful event, both behaviorally and physiologically. An ACTH... more The phenomenon of musth is a very stressful event, both behaviorally and physiologically. An ACTH stimulation test was conducted in four adult Asian bull elephants to investigate the possibility that the classical hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is active during musth, resulting in an increase in adrenally produced steroids. Serum cortisol, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4), androstenediol (A5), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured. Cortisol increased 3-10 times above baseline in response to ACTH stimulation, and DHEA doubled. A4 and A5 were erratic, while testosterone decreased significantly in all bulls. The pattern of results suggests that the adrenal steroid increase which occurs during musth results from some mechanism other than the classical HPA axis.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Jul 22, 2017
Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied. To desc... more Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied. To describe day-to-day menstrual cycle hormones in women as they approach menopause from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Daily Hormone Study (DHS). DHS enrollees collected daily urine for one entire menstrual cycle or up to 50 days, whichever came first, annually, up to the final menstrual period (FMP) or for up to 10 years. 7 sites across the US. 511 premenopausal or early perimenopausal women at enrollment, within 10 years before menopause. time-to-FMP measurement. Evidence of luteal activity (ELA), determined using objective algorithms. Menstrual cycle/segment length; whole cycle and segment integrated urinary LH, FSH, estrone conjugates (E1c) and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg) for each year, organized around the FMP. Mean menstrual cycle length was remarkably preserved at 26-27 days in ELA cycles; non-ELA cycles had greater variability. The % cycles that were ELA re...
Smoking, diet and physical activity may impact chronic diseases, in part, by promoting or attenua... more Smoking, diet and physical activity may impact chronic diseases, in part, by promoting or attenuating oxidative stress. We evaluated associations between lifestyle factors and urine F 2a-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress among 1610 participants of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at baseline and year 05 (Y05). These data were related to Y05 urinary F 2a-isoprostane concentration with regression analyses. Median urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration was 433 ng/L overall, 917 ng/L in smokers (inter-quartile range: 467, 1832 ng/L) and 403 ng/L in non-smokers (inter-quartile range: 228, 709 ng/L; P<0.0001 for difference). Higher trans fat intake was associated with higher urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration; partial Spearman correlations (ρ x|y) between Y05 urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration and trans fatty acids were 0.19 (P=0.03) and 0.13 (P <0.0001) in smokers and non-smokers, respectively. Increased log trans fat intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with higher concentration of logurine F 2a-isoprostanes in non-smokers (β=0.131, SE=0.04, P =0.0003). In non-smokers, the partial correlation (ρ x|y) between lutein and urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration was −0.13 (P <0.0001). Increased intake of log lutein from baseline to Y05 was also associated with lower log urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration (β= −0.096, SE=0.03, P =0.0005) in non-smokers. Increased zinc intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with lower log urine F 2a-isoprostane concentration in smokers and non-smokers (β= −0.346, SE=0.14, P =0.01), and −0.117, 0.04 (P =0.001), respectively]. In conclusion, diet (fat subtypes, zinc, vegetable components) and smoking were associated with urine F 2a-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress.
Background: It has been speculated that gender differences in car- diovascular disease (CVD) mort... more Background: It has been speculated that gender differences in car- diovascular disease (CVD) mortality can be attributed to the effects of estrogens on inflammation and hemostatic marker profiles. There- fore, we evaluated endogenous hormone concentrations, menopause transition stages, and adoption of exogenous hormone use in relation to hemostatic and inflammation marker concentrations in women. Methods: Longitudinally, we studied 3302 participants
Goal: The goal of this study was to relate annually measured en- dogenous androgens to hemostatic... more Goal: The goal of this study was to relate annually measured en- dogenous androgens to hemostatic and inflammation markers in women longitudinally. Methods:Atotalof3302participantsfromtheStudyofWomen'sHealth Across the Nation, aged 42-52 yr at baseline and self-identified as African-American (28%), Caucasian (47%), Chinese (8%), Hispanic (8%), or Japanese (9%) were evaluated for testosterone (T), dehydroepiandro- sterone sulfate, and SHBG at four time points in
It is well documented that estrogen increases dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal cells of y... more It is well documented that estrogen increases dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal cells of young female rats. However, this effect is attenuated in aged rats. We report here a quantitative analysis of estrogen effects on hippocampal spine number as visualized with antispinophilin in young (6-8 years old) and aged (19-23 years old) female rhesus monkeys, a species with a pattern of female endocrine senescence comparable to that of humans. Monkeys were ovariectomized and administered either vehicle or estradiol cypionate 3 months postovariectomy, followed by an additional dose 3 weeks later, with perfusion 24 hours after the last estrogen treatment. Immunolocalization of spinophilin, a spine-associated protein, was used for quantitative stereologic analyses of total spinophilin-immunoreactive spine numbers in CA1 stratum radiatum and the inner and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus. In both young and aged female monkeys, the estrogen-treated groups had an increase in spinoph...
Context: It is important to characterize the biological activity of circulatingandrogenicsteroidh... more Context: It is important to characterize the biological activity of circulatingandrogenicsteroidhormonesduringthemenopausaltran- sition because these appear to impact the metabolic and cardiovas- cular health risk factors of women. Objective:The objective of the study was to develop and characterize a cell-based bioassay that measures the androgen receptor-mediated signal transduction in serum. Design: This was a clinically relevant experimental study nested in a
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Norplant implants on ovarian horm... more Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Norplant implants on ovarian hormone secretion and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees. Urine samples were collected during one natural cycle before (n= 5 females) and one cycle∼ 6 months ...
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