Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots fr... more Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots from the site of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.
Los pueblos mesoamericanos tienen una larga historia de uso del cacao que se extiende por mas de ... more Los pueblos mesoamericanos tienen una larga historia de uso del cacao que se extiende por mas de 34 siglos, segun lo ha confirmado la identificacion de residuos de cacao en la ceramica arqueologica de Paso de la Amada en la costa del Pacifico, y del sitio olmeca El Manati en la costa del Golfo. Hasta ahora no habia evidencia comparable de San Lorenzo, la primera capital olmeca. El presente estudio de residuos de teobromina confirma la presencia continua y el uso de productos de cacao en San Lorenzo entre 1800 y 1000 a.C., y documenta las diferentes formas de vasijas utilizadas en su preparacion y consumo. Ademas se expone un contexto de elite que revela el uso del cacao como parte de un ritual funerario para las victimas de sacrificio, un evento que ocurrio durante el apogeo del poder de San Lorenzo.
El presente articulo aborda los inesperados resultados obtenidos, producto de una investigacion p... more El presente articulo aborda los inesperados resultados obtenidos, producto de una investigacion para identificar presencia quimica de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y su consumo temprano por los mayas en la epoca prehispanica, en vasijas ceramicas de Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. Del cacao no se encontro el mas minimo rastro, pero sorpresivamente se obtuvo presencia quimica de la especie Capsicum, mejor conocida como chile
... and library books), ethics (issues associated with 17th to 19th century child labor and slave... more ... and library books), ethics (issues associated with 17th to 19th century child labor and slavery), gender (division of labor and women's roles in chocolate production), legal issues (chocolate-associated crime and trial accounts, copyright, and patent law), military (choco-late ...
Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots fr... more Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots from the site of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication histor... more Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication history and early uses are limited. Traditionally, cacao is thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica. However, genomic research shows that T. cacao's greatest diversity is in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America, pointing to this region as its centre of origin. Here, we report cacao use identified by three independent lines of archaeological evidence-cacao starch grains, absorbed theobromine residues and ancient DNA-dating from approximately 5,300 years ago recovered from the Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF) site in southeast Ecuador. To our knowledge, these findings constitute the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas and the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America. They also reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified.
The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, i... more The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, is in the region of Theobroma spp. greatest genetic diversity, thus making it ideal to investigate the origins of domestication of this enigmatic tree. We present research showing that the residents of SALF were involved in the domestication of cacao, traditionally thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica and/or Central America. We used three independent lines of evidence—starch grains, theobromine residues and ancient DNA—dating from approximately 5,300 years ago, to establish the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas, the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America and reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified. We suggest that new paleoethnobotanical research will expand our knowledge of this process, including the timing, locations, and uses of cacao by Indigenous South Amer...
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 1999
This article examines the use of supplemental food programs by two Native American populations an... more This article examines the use of supplemental food programs by two Native American populations and assesses some of the health and cultural impacts of these programs. A cross-sectional survey of 80 American Indian families, 40 families residing on the Round Valley Indian Reservation and 40 in Sacramento, California was conducted to determine access, use and appropriateness of supplemental feeding programs. Respondents at both the rural and urban geographic location showed considerable familiarity with available supplemental feeding programs. USDA Food Commodities were utilized most at Round Valley, raising the concern that provided staples which were highly processed and contained significant amounts of sodium, sucrose, and fat, could contribute to the problems of obesity and diabetes. Native Americans in Sacramento used food banks and food closets as their primary source of supplemental foods, and some expressed concern that the foods provided were highly sweetened and high in fat. While some nutrition advising was available at both geographical localities, access was inadequate. The study found that the foods provided by the supplemental food programs varied considerably in their nutritional quality and healthier foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats were either completely lacking or in short supply. In addition, culturally sensitive nutritional counseling and the development of education modules to instruct program recipients in the preparation of healthy meals and how to manage obesity and diabetes were needed and requested within the California Native American communities surveyed.
... At the request of the editors of Nutrition Research Reviews, Britta Ogle and I prepared a rev... more ... At the request of the editors of Nutrition Research Reviews, Britta Ogle and I prepared a review on the value of traditional foods in meet ... the basic themes and problems associated with wild plant research: historical studies; salvage ethnobotany and famine foods; the hidden ...
Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots fr... more Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots from the site of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.
Los pueblos mesoamericanos tienen una larga historia de uso del cacao que se extiende por mas de ... more Los pueblos mesoamericanos tienen una larga historia de uso del cacao que se extiende por mas de 34 siglos, segun lo ha confirmado la identificacion de residuos de cacao en la ceramica arqueologica de Paso de la Amada en la costa del Pacifico, y del sitio olmeca El Manati en la costa del Golfo. Hasta ahora no habia evidencia comparable de San Lorenzo, la primera capital olmeca. El presente estudio de residuos de teobromina confirma la presencia continua y el uso de productos de cacao en San Lorenzo entre 1800 y 1000 a.C., y documenta las diferentes formas de vasijas utilizadas en su preparacion y consumo. Ademas se expone un contexto de elite que revela el uso del cacao como parte de un ritual funerario para las victimas de sacrificio, un evento que ocurrio durante el apogeo del poder de San Lorenzo.
El presente articulo aborda los inesperados resultados obtenidos, producto de una investigacion p... more El presente articulo aborda los inesperados resultados obtenidos, producto de una investigacion para identificar presencia quimica de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y su consumo temprano por los mayas en la epoca prehispanica, en vasijas ceramicas de Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. Del cacao no se encontro el mas minimo rastro, pero sorpresivamente se obtuvo presencia quimica de la especie Capsicum, mejor conocida como chile
... and library books), ethics (issues associated with 17th to 19th century child labor and slave... more ... and library books), ethics (issues associated with 17th to 19th century child labor and slavery), gender (division of labor and women's roles in chocolate production), legal issues (chocolate-associated crime and trial accounts, copyright, and patent law), military (choco-late ...
Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots fr... more Presentation of the chimichal results on early presence of Chile (capsicum) on preclassic pots from the site of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication histor... more Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication history and early uses are limited. Traditionally, cacao is thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica. However, genomic research shows that T. cacao's greatest diversity is in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America, pointing to this region as its centre of origin. Here, we report cacao use identified by three independent lines of archaeological evidence-cacao starch grains, absorbed theobromine residues and ancient DNA-dating from approximately 5,300 years ago recovered from the Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF) site in southeast Ecuador. To our knowledge, these findings constitute the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas and the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America. They also reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified.
The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, i... more The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, is in the region of Theobroma spp. greatest genetic diversity, thus making it ideal to investigate the origins of domestication of this enigmatic tree. We present research showing that the residents of SALF were involved in the domestication of cacao, traditionally thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica and/or Central America. We used three independent lines of evidence—starch grains, theobromine residues and ancient DNA—dating from approximately 5,300 years ago, to establish the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas, the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America and reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified. We suggest that new paleoethnobotanical research will expand our knowledge of this process, including the timing, locations, and uses of cacao by Indigenous South Amer...
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 1999
This article examines the use of supplemental food programs by two Native American populations an... more This article examines the use of supplemental food programs by two Native American populations and assesses some of the health and cultural impacts of these programs. A cross-sectional survey of 80 American Indian families, 40 families residing on the Round Valley Indian Reservation and 40 in Sacramento, California was conducted to determine access, use and appropriateness of supplemental feeding programs. Respondents at both the rural and urban geographic location showed considerable familiarity with available supplemental feeding programs. USDA Food Commodities were utilized most at Round Valley, raising the concern that provided staples which were highly processed and contained significant amounts of sodium, sucrose, and fat, could contribute to the problems of obesity and diabetes. Native Americans in Sacramento used food banks and food closets as their primary source of supplemental foods, and some expressed concern that the foods provided were highly sweetened and high in fat. While some nutrition advising was available at both geographical localities, access was inadequate. The study found that the foods provided by the supplemental food programs varied considerably in their nutritional quality and healthier foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats were either completely lacking or in short supply. In addition, culturally sensitive nutritional counseling and the development of education modules to instruct program recipients in the preparation of healthy meals and how to manage obesity and diabetes were needed and requested within the California Native American communities surveyed.
... At the request of the editors of Nutrition Research Reviews, Britta Ogle and I prepared a rev... more ... At the request of the editors of Nutrition Research Reviews, Britta Ogle and I prepared a review on the value of traditional foods in meet ... the basic themes and problems associated with wild plant research: historical studies; salvage ethnobotany and famine foods; the hidden ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS)
Mesoamerican peoples had a long history of cacao use—spanning more than 34 centuries—as confirmed... more Mesoamerican peoples had a long history of cacao use—spanning more than 34 centuries—as confirmed by previous identification of cacao residues on archaeological pottery from Paso de la Amada on the Pacific Coast and the Olmec site of El Manatí on the Gulf Coast. Until now, comparable evidence from San Lorenzo, the premier Olmec capital, was lacking. The present study of theobromine residues confirms the continuous presence and use of cacao products at San Lorenzo between 1800 and 1000 BCE, and documents assorted vessels forms used in its preparation and consumption. One elite context reveals cacao use as part of a mortuary ritual for sacrificial victims, an event that occurred during the height of San Lorenzo's power.
Data on eating disorders in modern Greece is fragmentary. However, considering that modern ideals... more Data on eating disorders in modern Greece is fragmentary. However, considering that modern ideals of perfect, thin bodies have spread globally into traditional cultures and that the idealization of thinness is significantly involved in the onset and development of disordered eating attitudes one would expect an increase in dieting, body dissatisfaction and eating problems in this region. The scope of this chapter was first to review the evidence on the eating behavior and disordered eating attitudes in modern Greece and second to explore the socioeconomic factors that predispose to a disordered relationship with food by examining the transition of the Greek society from traditional to modern living and eating habits.
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Papers by Louis Grivetti