Collaboration between policy-makers, practitioners and researchers from multiple disciplines and ... more Collaboration between policy-makers, practitioners and researchers from multiple disciplines and all geographical regions from local, national, regional and international levels is needed to ensure effective (Multi-Hazard) Early Warning Systems (EWS). This article outlines why young professionals play such a pivotal role in developing and implementing (Multi-Hazard) EWSs globally, the support needed to maintain and improve this role, and actions that young people can take now to realise their important role. How can we inspire more innovative research and collaboration between disciplines? How can we ensure this skilled capacity at National Hydrological and Meteorological Services (NHMS) and other agencies is sustained?
The biodegradable organic biomasses are a potential source of renewable energy when biologically ... more The biodegradable organic biomasses are a potential source of renewable energy when biologically converted into biogas under anaerobic conditions. Studies on biogas production from various organic biomass such as ground pine needle, ground oak, vermi compost of pine needle and cow urine treated pine needle and pine needle treated with NaOH, lime, urea and Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas spp. combinations were conducted in batch mode anaerobic fermenter of 4 litre capacity polymer reagent bottle at mesophilic temperature of 35±1°C. The process parameters such as pH, total alkalinity, TS and VS were measured and analyzed. The highest specific biogas production of 0.776 l/g VS destroyed was observed for B1 and it was lowest 0.127 l/g VS for pine treated with cow urine. The highest biogas production of 0.696 l/g TS destroyed was observed for vermi composed pine and it was lowest 0.106 l/g TS for pine treated with cow urine.
The ginger is one of the oldest known major spices indigenous to India. It is widely used around ... more The ginger is one of the oldest known major spices indigenous to India. It is widely used around the world in food as spice and is a common condiment for a variety of compounded foods and beverages. A major problem encountered during processing of ginger is blackening or darkening of color due to oxidation of phenolase enzyme activity. During thermal processing of ginger considerable amount pungent flavor loss as well as nutrient loss occurs. Due to conventional thermal processing significant product quality damage may occurs due to slow conduction and convection heat transfer and therefore shelf life of the food products may deteriorate. On the other hand, through non thermal technology, heating occurs in the form of internal energy generation within the material and shelf life of processed foods is comparable to that of canned and sterile, aseptically processed products. The present investigation was planned to study the drying and quality characteristics of ginger paste during tray drying treatment with the view keeping in mind to reduce quality losses during preparation. Paste was thermally processed at 40, 50 or 60ᵒC, respectively. The quality of dried ginger paste was investigated in terms of pH and color. Independent variables selected for the study were temperature, thickness and citric acid treatment. The optimum values of independent variables in terms of temperature, thickness and pre-treatment in citric acid for pH and color was found as 40ᵒC, 4mm and 1.5 g/l respectively.
Precision farming concept was initiated for site specific crop management as a combination of glo... more Precision farming concept was initiated for site specific crop management as a combination of global positioning system (GPS) technology, variable rate technology (VRT), remote sensing, yield mapping etc. to optimize the profitability, sustainability with a reduced environmental impact. With rich land, abundant water and a favorable climate, hill agriculture in India has considerable potential to grow, and contribute towards improving farm incomes, enhancing food and nutrition security, and accelerating the overall growth of the region. Unfortunately the growth potential of hill agriculture has remained under-exploited. Precision farming is the best remedy for the problems faced by farmers on hills. Various issues of lack of system-specific production technologies, difficult terrains, inaccessible habitations, crushing of crops by wild animals, management of small, scattered, fragmented, uneven lands etc. can be sought out easily with the methods of precision farming. Precision farming precisely establishes various operations such as the best tillage, application of fertilizers, sowing, irrigation, harvesting etc. and turns traditional extensive production to intensive production according to space variable data. Precision farming not only may utilize fully resources, reduce investment, decrease pollution of the environment but also get the most of social and economic efficiency. Precision farming methods helps in recognizing areas by farmers that have productivity problems and to select the best solution, as on hills much of the land strips may have productivity problems due to erosion, runoffs, low temperature etc. The precision farming model for hills in India while addressing these issues would provide an innovative route for sustainable agriculture in globalised and liberalized economy. The speed of transformation to precision farming depends very much on the level of commitment of politicians, scientists and technocrats at whose mercy the farmer really is.
The most effective decision-making takes place when it is informed by reliable data. Pillar 3 of ... more The most effective decision-making takes place when it is informed by reliable data. Pillar 3 of the Open Data for Resilience Initiative (OpenDRI) seeks to support the appropriate use of data in decision-making in a range of resilience planning, risk reduction, financing, preparedness, and recovery contexts. OpenDRI does this by supporting the adoption of tools and processes which support engagement, risk visualization, and communication. Advances in technology are generating unprecedented volumes of data. Governments, international agencies, and scientific institutions are increasingly making their data available to planners, civil contingency managers, and responders as open data. Our knowledge, however, of how best to design projects that take advantage of these new data opportunities to create impact is inconsistent and unconsolidated. A clear and validated framework that relates the capture and analysis of risk data to decision-making is missing. Design for Impact Framework: Integrating Open Data and Risk Communication for Decision-Making represents a foundational first attempt by OpenDRI to address this challenge. It aims to provide project designers with a framework to guide them in developing projects that have a tight handshake between the development of risk data and real world decision-making. The Design for Impact Framework has its intellectual grounding in a review of academic literature related to risk communication, climate information services, civic technology, citizen science, and design for community resilience. It draws heavily on the guiding approaches and tactics used by over 23 successful projects developed to reduce disaster risk and build resilience in an extensive range of geographies and contexts.
Collaboration between policy-makers, practitioners and researchers from multiple disciplines and ... more Collaboration between policy-makers, practitioners and researchers from multiple disciplines and all geographical regions from local, national, regional and international levels is needed to ensure effective (Multi-Hazard) Early Warning Systems (EWS). This article outlines why young professionals play such a pivotal role in developing and implementing (Multi-Hazard) EWSs globally, the support needed to maintain and improve this role, and actions that young people can take now to realise their important role. How can we inspire more innovative research and collaboration between disciplines? How can we ensure this skilled capacity at National Hydrological and Meteorological Services (NHMS) and other agencies is sustained?
The biodegradable organic biomasses are a potential source of renewable energy when biologically ... more The biodegradable organic biomasses are a potential source of renewable energy when biologically converted into biogas under anaerobic conditions. Studies on biogas production from various organic biomass such as ground pine needle, ground oak, vermi compost of pine needle and cow urine treated pine needle and pine needle treated with NaOH, lime, urea and Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas spp. combinations were conducted in batch mode anaerobic fermenter of 4 litre capacity polymer reagent bottle at mesophilic temperature of 35±1°C. The process parameters such as pH, total alkalinity, TS and VS were measured and analyzed. The highest specific biogas production of 0.776 l/g VS destroyed was observed for B1 and it was lowest 0.127 l/g VS for pine treated with cow urine. The highest biogas production of 0.696 l/g TS destroyed was observed for vermi composed pine and it was lowest 0.106 l/g TS for pine treated with cow urine.
The ginger is one of the oldest known major spices indigenous to India. It is widely used around ... more The ginger is one of the oldest known major spices indigenous to India. It is widely used around the world in food as spice and is a common condiment for a variety of compounded foods and beverages. A major problem encountered during processing of ginger is blackening or darkening of color due to oxidation of phenolase enzyme activity. During thermal processing of ginger considerable amount pungent flavor loss as well as nutrient loss occurs. Due to conventional thermal processing significant product quality damage may occurs due to slow conduction and convection heat transfer and therefore shelf life of the food products may deteriorate. On the other hand, through non thermal technology, heating occurs in the form of internal energy generation within the material and shelf life of processed foods is comparable to that of canned and sterile, aseptically processed products. The present investigation was planned to study the drying and quality characteristics of ginger paste during tray drying treatment with the view keeping in mind to reduce quality losses during preparation. Paste was thermally processed at 40, 50 or 60ᵒC, respectively. The quality of dried ginger paste was investigated in terms of pH and color. Independent variables selected for the study were temperature, thickness and citric acid treatment. The optimum values of independent variables in terms of temperature, thickness and pre-treatment in citric acid for pH and color was found as 40ᵒC, 4mm and 1.5 g/l respectively.
Precision farming concept was initiated for site specific crop management as a combination of glo... more Precision farming concept was initiated for site specific crop management as a combination of global positioning system (GPS) technology, variable rate technology (VRT), remote sensing, yield mapping etc. to optimize the profitability, sustainability with a reduced environmental impact. With rich land, abundant water and a favorable climate, hill agriculture in India has considerable potential to grow, and contribute towards improving farm incomes, enhancing food and nutrition security, and accelerating the overall growth of the region. Unfortunately the growth potential of hill agriculture has remained under-exploited. Precision farming is the best remedy for the problems faced by farmers on hills. Various issues of lack of system-specific production technologies, difficult terrains, inaccessible habitations, crushing of crops by wild animals, management of small, scattered, fragmented, uneven lands etc. can be sought out easily with the methods of precision farming. Precision farming precisely establishes various operations such as the best tillage, application of fertilizers, sowing, irrigation, harvesting etc. and turns traditional extensive production to intensive production according to space variable data. Precision farming not only may utilize fully resources, reduce investment, decrease pollution of the environment but also get the most of social and economic efficiency. Precision farming methods helps in recognizing areas by farmers that have productivity problems and to select the best solution, as on hills much of the land strips may have productivity problems due to erosion, runoffs, low temperature etc. The precision farming model for hills in India while addressing these issues would provide an innovative route for sustainable agriculture in globalised and liberalized economy. The speed of transformation to precision farming depends very much on the level of commitment of politicians, scientists and technocrats at whose mercy the farmer really is.
The most effective decision-making takes place when it is informed by reliable data. Pillar 3 of ... more The most effective decision-making takes place when it is informed by reliable data. Pillar 3 of the Open Data for Resilience Initiative (OpenDRI) seeks to support the appropriate use of data in decision-making in a range of resilience planning, risk reduction, financing, preparedness, and recovery contexts. OpenDRI does this by supporting the adoption of tools and processes which support engagement, risk visualization, and communication. Advances in technology are generating unprecedented volumes of data. Governments, international agencies, and scientific institutions are increasingly making their data available to planners, civil contingency managers, and responders as open data. Our knowledge, however, of how best to design projects that take advantage of these new data opportunities to create impact is inconsistent and unconsolidated. A clear and validated framework that relates the capture and analysis of risk data to decision-making is missing. Design for Impact Framework: Integrating Open Data and Risk Communication for Decision-Making represents a foundational first attempt by OpenDRI to address this challenge. It aims to provide project designers with a framework to guide them in developing projects that have a tight handshake between the development of risk data and real world decision-making. The Design for Impact Framework has its intellectual grounding in a review of academic literature related to risk communication, climate information services, civic technology, citizen science, and design for community resilience. It draws heavily on the guiding approaches and tactics used by over 23 successful projects developed to reduce disaster risk and build resilience in an extensive range of geographies and contexts.
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