El estudio de diseño cualitativo buscó identificar características de la relación profesor–alumno... more El estudio de diseño cualitativo buscó identificar características de la relación profesor–alumno en la universidad que favorecerían el aprendizaje desde la perspectiva de estudiantes de cinco carreras de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) (Arquitectura, Ciencias Biológicas, Educación, Ingeniería y Psicología). Para ello se realizaron diez grupos focales. Los estudiantes señalaron valorar y rechazar similares características de relación, independiente de sus carreras. Demandan reconocimiento de sus profesores, aspiran a ser motivados hacia el aprendizaje, esperan que se les exija de manera justa, sin abusos de poder y laxitud. En una relación pedagógica positiva, los estudiantes perciben un buen clima para el aprendizaje, sienten libertad de participar y crecer.
Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adu... more Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adultos victimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. Este articulo da cuenta de un trabajo en proceso, por lo que se prefirió abordar sólo la cuestión de la incidencia de lo traumático en la clínica desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Al respecto, se puede señalar que al interior de la orientación lacaniana no existe una noción consensuada sobre el traumatismo. Por ejemplo, Deltombe (2007) analiza el traumatismo de la lengua; Strauss (1996) lo hace desde la perspectiva del deseo del Otro; Briole (1998) alude al fracaso del fantasma e Insua (2008) a la presencia de un trauma real, más allá de cualquier articulación del inconsciente. Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se puso en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales propos...
El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el perio... more El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el periodo de su enseñanza pública (1953-1981), de la relación entre la asunción de la posición del analista y el duelo. Se destacan cuatro momentos respecto a este problema: 1) de las pasiones del /1976 a la falta-en-ser del analista; 2) el duelo del analista: agalma y castración; 3) del deser del analista al discurso del analista y 4) la función del sinthome y savoir-y-faire del analista. A partir de esta revisión, se pudo concluir que la pregunta por el ser del analista no encuentra su respuesta sino que en su existencia, o más precisamente en aquello que existe a lo inconsciente en cada parlêtre.
The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teac... more The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teaching of Jacques Lacan. Despite the profound renewal of theory and analytical practice introduced by Lacan, the concept of trauma is not explicitly addressed and the word "trauma" rarely appears. For this concept, there are only allusions, occasional references or its use in contexts where the focus is not trauma. Nevertheless, this situation is far from discouraging the lacanian analysts, who have proposed different approaches to trauma from the indications given by Lacan in his teachings. Thus, among the current theoretical developments, we can appreciate different approaches to trauma supported by elaborations from a specific moment of lacanian teaching. In this scenario, it has been necessary to do a systematic revision for this research in order to understand the theoretical context in which Lacan’s different developments about trauma were elaborated. As a result, this work presents different versions of trauma and enables the reader to deduce logical approaches for understanding this concept in the clinic. Therefore, the question that oriented this research is: which versions of trauma does Jacques Lacan develop in his teaching? This thesis has been divided into five chapters to answer this inquiry, each chapter is dedicated to analyse how Lacan approaches the notion of trauma, following a chronological perspective of his work. In the first chapter, the opposition between the concept of history and the notion of trauma was presented. For the author, trauma is what is built in the limit of history, without entering it. In this sense, traumatism remains unsaid, because of its resistance to elaboration by history. Thus, Lacan affirms that trauma is structured from the broken images of the body, produced by an effect of its symbolization. These images insist on the discourse without being able to integrate the history of the subject, illustrated through two examples discussed by Lacan. In the second chapter, issue of trauma in its relation with the notion of desire was discussed. The author points that trauma is situated as the inaugural moment of the relation to the Other, in other words, the moment of meeting the desire of the Other, in the form of a closed, opaque desire for which the subject has no symbolic resources ("Hilsflogiskeigt"). Trauma occurs when the significant produces the mortification of the body in the entry of the subject to language. In the third chapter, trauma is discussed from the relation of the subject to the desire of the Other, being this approach part of the Oedipal structure. This structure is regarded as the symbolic mediation matrix, a device that can mediate the subject's desire. In this context, the meaning of the phallus is central, because it allows to articulate the dialectic of the desire. Trauma can be located from the ambiguity between mediation function of the phallus and the emergence of the phallic signifier. Thus, trauma appears as the unmediated experience of the desire of the Other. This experience appeals to the return of the mediation of desire through the phallic signification. To demonstrate this version of trauma, two examples commented by Lacan were used: Hamlet and André Gide. Chapter four, takes into account changes in the concept of small object a from the introduction of Enjoyment, whose model is developed by Lacan from the notion of das Ding. In this context, trauma is primarily the encountered with the real beyond fantasy. The trauma is constituted by a "wild crossing of fantasy," forcing the defense of the fantasy and the encountered with the real of the small object a. We approached two examples: the place of the object in the primal scene of the Wolf Man and the text Forgetting of the proper names. The fifth chapter explores how the definition of trauma is renewed by Lacan in his last teaching based on the concept of the Un-tout-seul. The One is established as a necessity of discourse that comes from non-existence, it is in this transition from nonexistence to existence that we must situate trauma. In this context, it should be noted that trauma is partially explained by the relation between the parlêtre and his body. Trauma is precisely located in the parlêtre's effort to create a knot that allows it to hold together the body, lalangue and reality, as demonstrated in the case of Joyce. In this research, the different versions of trauma identified led to the following conclusions. First, trauma is primarily an unconscious face to the real response that is at stake for all parlêtre. So, it is a singular response, an invention that allows the subject to give substance to his report to the body. Thus, the response is never traumatic standard, in the same manner as it is a traumatic event. Similarly, the traumatic experience is not homogenous in the parlêtre, which shows the different ways in which the body is…
Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- s... more Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- sion (VLS) has not been without controversy. This article explores the conditions, modalities and evaluation of the VLS by Lacanian analysts. To this purpose, a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study was carried out in an intentional sample of 14 specialists from Chile, Argentina and Belgium. The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, the results of which are ex- amined quantitatively from descriptive statistics and qualitatively through Grounded Theory. The analyses show a consensus on the application setting, as well as on the logics and conditions of use. The "pivotal" position of the VLS is highlighted, since it would mobilize both expected and un- expected effects, at the level of transfer, free association, acting-out and anguish. Its pertinence for cases of perversion or psychosis, among other clinical situations, is also discussed.
The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperacti... more The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the su...
BACKGROUND There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence ... more BACKGROUND There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women. AIM To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. RESULTS The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almos...
Las inserciones institucionales actuales del psicoanálisis –instituciones de salud, educación, ju... more Las inserciones institucionales actuales del psicoanálisis –instituciones de salud, educación, justicia, entre otras– pueden tensionar los principios que rigen esta práctica, tal como Freud lo anticipó en 1919. Una de estas tensiones dice relación con la duración de los tratamientos. Este artículo aborda cómo se ha teorizado sobre este problema mediante la sistematización y comparación de dos aproximaciones que han respondido de manera distinta a esta interrogante: la escuela inglesa de psicoterapia psicoanalítica breve y la experiencia de los CPCT en Francia. Para ello se abordan elementos de contexto histórico, como también la conceptualización y criterios clínicos sobre la determinación de la duración del tratamiento. Se valoran las posibilidades que estas dos perspectivas ofrecen a la práctica del psicoanálisis en instituciones, en particular en lo referente al manejo de la duración del tratamiento, al mismo tiempo que se abren perspectivas para pensar más radicalmente las conce...
Background: There are marked differences associated with socio-economic
factors in the prevalence... more Background: There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women. Aim: To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association. Material and Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. Results: The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almost three times as high among those with low social support. Conclusions: There is a combined effect between socio-economic and gender inequalities on DS. This partially explains the greater vulnerability of poor women and the DS gap between men and women. Key words: Chile, Depression, Gender, Mental Health, Poverty.
Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- s... more Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- sion (VLS) has not been without controversy. This article explores the conditions, modalities and evaluation of the VLS by Lacanian analysts. To this purpose, a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study was carried out in an intentional sample of 14 specialists from Chile, Argentina and Belgium. The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, the results of which are ex- amined quantitatively from descriptive statistics and qualitatively through Grounded Theory. The analyses show a consensus on the application setting, as well as on the logics and conditions of use. The "pivotal" position of the VLS is highlighted, since it would mobilize both expected and un- expected effects, at the level of transfer, free association, acting-out and anguish. Its pertinence for cases of perversion or psychosis, among other clinical situations, is also discussed.
The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperacti... more The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the subjective experience of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is not homogeneous, since different discursive positions, family and institutional understandings that enter into conflict cross it. The experiences of ADHD are shaped by discursive structures that condition the meanings of this experience. The medicalization process is not univocal, but can take different forms and have consequences on children’s experiences and social trajectories.
El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el perio... more El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el periodo de su enseñanza pública (1953-1981), de la relación entre la asunción de la posición del analista y el duelo. Se destacan cuatro momentos respecto a este problema: 1) de las pasiones del /1976 a la falta-en-ser del analista; 2) el duelo del analista: agalma y castración; 3) del deser del analista al discurso del analista y 4) la función del sinthome y savoiry-faire del analista. A partir de esta revisión, se pudo concluir que la pregunta por el ser del analista no encuentra su respuesta sino que en su existencia, o más precisamente en aquello que existe a lo inconsciente en cada parlêtre.
El presente artículo de reflexión propone algunos principios orientadores respecto de la práctica... more El presente artículo de reflexión propone algunos principios orientadores respecto de la práctica psicoanalítica en contextos institucionales. Particularmente, este artículo pretende abordar la concepción psicoanalítica del síntoma y, en consistencia con esta definición, los resortes generales de su terapéutica.
Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adu... more Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adultos victimas de abuso sexual en la infancia, desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Este articulo da cuenta de un trabajo en proceso, por lo que se prefirió abordar sólo la cuestión de lo traumático. Al respecto se puede señalar que al interior de la orientación lacaniana no existe una noción consensuada sobre el traumatismo. Por ejemplo, Deltombe (2007) analiza el traumatismo de la lengua; Strauss (1996) lo hace desde la perspectiva del deseo del Otro; Briole (1998) alude al fracaso del fantasma e Insua (2008) a la presencia de un trauma real, más allá de cualquier articulación del inconsciente.
Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se pondrá en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales proposiciones teóricas de Lacan a lo largo de su enseñanza, desde 1953 hasta 1981.
Luego de esto, se presenta una exposición de un caso clínico, a partir de cuatro momentos del tratamiento en donde se constata la incidencia del trauma: El inicio o la fantasía bajo la forma más angustiante (Lacan, 1962), luego la articulación del trauma y su vinculación con el deseo del Otro (Lacan, 1957). El tercer momento, corresponde al desvelamiento de la pulsión por el fracaso del fantasma, donde el trauma emerge como el mal encuentro con lo real (Lacan, 1963; Briole, 1998) mostrando el trauma en su forma más radical. Finalmente, predomina la relación a la presencia de un saber desfalleciente (Lacan, 1968) y un acontecimiento del cuerpo (Lacan, 1975; Miller, 1999).
El estudio de diseño cualitativo buscó identificar características de la relación profesor–alumno... more El estudio de diseño cualitativo buscó identificar características de la relación profesor–alumno en la universidad que favorecerían el aprendizaje desde la perspectiva de estudiantes de cinco carreras de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) (Arquitectura, Ciencias Biológicas, Educación, Ingeniería y Psicología). Para ello se realizaron diez grupos focales. Los estudiantes señalaron valorar y rechazar similares características de relación, independiente de sus carreras. Demandan reconocimiento de sus profesores, aspiran a ser motivados hacia el aprendizaje, esperan que se les exija de manera justa, sin abusos de poder y laxitud. En una relación pedagógica positiva, los estudiantes perciben un buen clima para el aprendizaje, sienten libertad de participar y crecer.
Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adu... more Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adultos victimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. Este articulo da cuenta de un trabajo en proceso, por lo que se prefirió abordar sólo la cuestión de la incidencia de lo traumático en la clínica desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Al respecto, se puede señalar que al interior de la orientación lacaniana no existe una noción consensuada sobre el traumatismo. Por ejemplo, Deltombe (2007) analiza el traumatismo de la lengua; Strauss (1996) lo hace desde la perspectiva del deseo del Otro; Briole (1998) alude al fracaso del fantasma e Insua (2008) a la presencia de un trauma real, más allá de cualquier articulación del inconsciente. Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se puso en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales propos...
El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el perio... more El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el periodo de su enseñanza pública (1953-1981), de la relación entre la asunción de la posición del analista y el duelo. Se destacan cuatro momentos respecto a este problema: 1) de las pasiones del /1976 a la falta-en-ser del analista; 2) el duelo del analista: agalma y castración; 3) del deser del analista al discurso del analista y 4) la función del sinthome y savoir-y-faire del analista. A partir de esta revisión, se pudo concluir que la pregunta por el ser del analista no encuentra su respuesta sino que en su existencia, o más precisamente en aquello que existe a lo inconsciente en cada parlêtre.
The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teac... more The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teaching of Jacques Lacan. Despite the profound renewal of theory and analytical practice introduced by Lacan, the concept of trauma is not explicitly addressed and the word "trauma" rarely appears. For this concept, there are only allusions, occasional references or its use in contexts where the focus is not trauma. Nevertheless, this situation is far from discouraging the lacanian analysts, who have proposed different approaches to trauma from the indications given by Lacan in his teachings. Thus, among the current theoretical developments, we can appreciate different approaches to trauma supported by elaborations from a specific moment of lacanian teaching. In this scenario, it has been necessary to do a systematic revision for this research in order to understand the theoretical context in which Lacan’s different developments about trauma were elaborated. As a result, this work presents different versions of trauma and enables the reader to deduce logical approaches for understanding this concept in the clinic. Therefore, the question that oriented this research is: which versions of trauma does Jacques Lacan develop in his teaching? This thesis has been divided into five chapters to answer this inquiry, each chapter is dedicated to analyse how Lacan approaches the notion of trauma, following a chronological perspective of his work. In the first chapter, the opposition between the concept of history and the notion of trauma was presented. For the author, trauma is what is built in the limit of history, without entering it. In this sense, traumatism remains unsaid, because of its resistance to elaboration by history. Thus, Lacan affirms that trauma is structured from the broken images of the body, produced by an effect of its symbolization. These images insist on the discourse without being able to integrate the history of the subject, illustrated through two examples discussed by Lacan. In the second chapter, issue of trauma in its relation with the notion of desire was discussed. The author points that trauma is situated as the inaugural moment of the relation to the Other, in other words, the moment of meeting the desire of the Other, in the form of a closed, opaque desire for which the subject has no symbolic resources ("Hilsflogiskeigt"). Trauma occurs when the significant produces the mortification of the body in the entry of the subject to language. In the third chapter, trauma is discussed from the relation of the subject to the desire of the Other, being this approach part of the Oedipal structure. This structure is regarded as the symbolic mediation matrix, a device that can mediate the subject's desire. In this context, the meaning of the phallus is central, because it allows to articulate the dialectic of the desire. Trauma can be located from the ambiguity between mediation function of the phallus and the emergence of the phallic signifier. Thus, trauma appears as the unmediated experience of the desire of the Other. This experience appeals to the return of the mediation of desire through the phallic signification. To demonstrate this version of trauma, two examples commented by Lacan were used: Hamlet and André Gide. Chapter four, takes into account changes in the concept of small object a from the introduction of Enjoyment, whose model is developed by Lacan from the notion of das Ding. In this context, trauma is primarily the encountered with the real beyond fantasy. The trauma is constituted by a "wild crossing of fantasy," forcing the defense of the fantasy and the encountered with the real of the small object a. We approached two examples: the place of the object in the primal scene of the Wolf Man and the text Forgetting of the proper names. The fifth chapter explores how the definition of trauma is renewed by Lacan in his last teaching based on the concept of the Un-tout-seul. The One is established as a necessity of discourse that comes from non-existence, it is in this transition from nonexistence to existence that we must situate trauma. In this context, it should be noted that trauma is partially explained by the relation between the parlêtre and his body. Trauma is precisely located in the parlêtre's effort to create a knot that allows it to hold together the body, lalangue and reality, as demonstrated in the case of Joyce. In this research, the different versions of trauma identified led to the following conclusions. First, trauma is primarily an unconscious face to the real response that is at stake for all parlêtre. So, it is a singular response, an invention that allows the subject to give substance to his report to the body. Thus, the response is never traumatic standard, in the same manner as it is a traumatic event. Similarly, the traumatic experience is not homogenous in the parlêtre, which shows the different ways in which the body is…
Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- s... more Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- sion (VLS) has not been without controversy. This article explores the conditions, modalities and evaluation of the VLS by Lacanian analysts. To this purpose, a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study was carried out in an intentional sample of 14 specialists from Chile, Argentina and Belgium. The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, the results of which are ex- amined quantitatively from descriptive statistics and qualitatively through Grounded Theory. The analyses show a consensus on the application setting, as well as on the logics and conditions of use. The "pivotal" position of the VLS is highlighted, since it would mobilize both expected and un- expected effects, at the level of transfer, free association, acting-out and anguish. Its pertinence for cases of perversion or psychosis, among other clinical situations, is also discussed.
The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperacti... more The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the su...
BACKGROUND There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence ... more BACKGROUND There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women. AIM To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. RESULTS The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almos...
Las inserciones institucionales actuales del psicoanálisis –instituciones de salud, educación, ju... more Las inserciones institucionales actuales del psicoanálisis –instituciones de salud, educación, justicia, entre otras– pueden tensionar los principios que rigen esta práctica, tal como Freud lo anticipó en 1919. Una de estas tensiones dice relación con la duración de los tratamientos. Este artículo aborda cómo se ha teorizado sobre este problema mediante la sistematización y comparación de dos aproximaciones que han respondido de manera distinta a esta interrogante: la escuela inglesa de psicoterapia psicoanalítica breve y la experiencia de los CPCT en Francia. Para ello se abordan elementos de contexto histórico, como también la conceptualización y criterios clínicos sobre la determinación de la duración del tratamiento. Se valoran las posibilidades que estas dos perspectivas ofrecen a la práctica del psicoanálisis en instituciones, en particular en lo referente al manejo de la duración del tratamiento, al mismo tiempo que se abren perspectivas para pensar más radicalmente las conce...
Background: There are marked differences associated with socio-economic
factors in the prevalence... more Background: There are marked differences associated with socio-economic factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women. Aim: To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association. Material and Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. Results: The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almost three times as high among those with low social support. Conclusions: There is a combined effect between socio-economic and gender inequalities on DS. This partially explains the greater vulnerability of poor women and the DS gap between men and women. Key words: Chile, Depression, Gender, Mental Health, Poverty.
Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- s... more Introduced by Lacan as a technical variant of psychoanalytic practice, the Variable Length Ses- sion (VLS) has not been without controversy. This article explores the conditions, modalities and evaluation of the VLS by Lacanian analysts. To this purpose, a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study was carried out in an intentional sample of 14 specialists from Chile, Argentina and Belgium. The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, the results of which are ex- amined quantitatively from descriptive statistics and qualitatively through Grounded Theory. The analyses show a consensus on the application setting, as well as on the logics and conditions of use. The "pivotal" position of the VLS is highlighted, since it would mobilize both expected and un- expected effects, at the level of transfer, free association, acting-out and anguish. Its pertinence for cases of perversion or psychosis, among other clinical situations, is also discussed.
The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperacti... more The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the subjective experience of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is not homogeneous, since different discursive positions, family and institutional understandings that enter into conflict cross it. The experiences of ADHD are shaped by discursive structures that condition the meanings of this experience. The medicalization process is not univocal, but can take different forms and have consequences on children’s experiences and social trajectories.
El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el perio... more El presente artículo se dedica a explorar las distintas versiones que Lacan dio, durante el periodo de su enseñanza pública (1953-1981), de la relación entre la asunción de la posición del analista y el duelo. Se destacan cuatro momentos respecto a este problema: 1) de las pasiones del /1976 a la falta-en-ser del analista; 2) el duelo del analista: agalma y castración; 3) del deser del analista al discurso del analista y 4) la función del sinthome y savoiry-faire del analista. A partir de esta revisión, se pudo concluir que la pregunta por el ser del analista no encuentra su respuesta sino que en su existencia, o más precisamente en aquello que existe a lo inconsciente en cada parlêtre.
El presente artículo de reflexión propone algunos principios orientadores respecto de la práctica... more El presente artículo de reflexión propone algunos principios orientadores respecto de la práctica psicoanalítica en contextos institucionales. Particularmente, este artículo pretende abordar la concepción psicoanalítica del síntoma y, en consistencia con esta definición, los resortes generales de su terapéutica.
Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adu... more Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de las intervenciones clínicas con pacientes adultos victimas de abuso sexual en la infancia, desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Este articulo da cuenta de un trabajo en proceso, por lo que se prefirió abordar sólo la cuestión de lo traumático. Al respecto se puede señalar que al interior de la orientación lacaniana no existe una noción consensuada sobre el traumatismo. Por ejemplo, Deltombe (2007) analiza el traumatismo de la lengua; Strauss (1996) lo hace desde la perspectiva del deseo del Otro; Briole (1998) alude al fracaso del fantasma e Insua (2008) a la presencia de un trauma real, más allá de cualquier articulación del inconsciente.
Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se pondrá en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales proposiciones teóricas de Lacan a lo largo de su enseñanza, desde 1953 hasta 1981.
Luego de esto, se presenta una exposición de un caso clínico, a partir de cuatro momentos del tratamiento en donde se constata la incidencia del trauma: El inicio o la fantasía bajo la forma más angustiante (Lacan, 1962), luego la articulación del trauma y su vinculación con el deseo del Otro (Lacan, 1957). El tercer momento, corresponde al desvelamiento de la pulsión por el fracaso del fantasma, donde el trauma emerge como el mal encuentro con lo real (Lacan, 1963; Briole, 1998) mostrando el trauma en su forma más radical. Finalmente, predomina la relación a la presencia de un saber desfalleciente (Lacan, 1968) y un acontecimiento del cuerpo (Lacan, 1975; Miller, 1999).
The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teac... more The objective of this thesis is the elucidation of the notions of traumatism presents in the teaching of Jacques Lacan. Despite the profound renewal of theory and analytical practice introduced by Lacan, the concept of trauma is not explicitly addressed and the word "trauma" rarely appears.
For this concept, there are only allusions, occasional references or its use in contexts where the focus is not trauma. Nevertheless, this situation is far from discouraging the lacanian analysts, who have proposed different approaches to trauma from the indications given by Lacan in his teachings. Thus, among the current theoretical developments, we can appreciate different approaches to trauma supported by elaborations from a specific moment of lacanian teaching.
In this scenario, it has been necessary to do a systematic revision for this research in order to understand the theoretical context in which Lacan’s different developments about trauma were elaborated. As a result, this work presents different versions of trauma and enables the reader to deduce logical approaches for understanding this concept in the clinic. Therefore, the question that oriented this research is: which versions of trauma does Jacques Lacan develop in his teaching?
This thesis has been divided into five chapters to answer this inquiry, each chapter is dedicated to analyse how Lacan approaches the notion of trauma, following a chronological perspective of his work.
In the first chapter, the opposition between the concept of history and the notion of trauma was presented. For the author, trauma is what is built in the limit of history, without entering it. In this sense, traumatism remains unsaid, because of its resistance to elaboration by history. Thus, Lacan affirms that trauma is structured from the broken images of the body, produced by an effect of its symbolization. These images insist on the discourse without being able to integrate the history of the subject, illustrated through two examples discussed by Lacan.
In the second chapter, issue of trauma in its relation with the notion of desire was discussed. The author points that trauma is situated as the inaugural moment of the relation to the Other, in other words, the moment of meeting the desire of the Other, in the form of a closed, opaque desire for which the subject has no symbolic resources ("Hilsflogiskeigt"). Trauma occurs when the significant produces the mortification of the body in the entry of the subject to language.
In the third chapter, trauma is discussed from the relation of the subject to the desire of the Other, being this approach part of the Oedipal structure. This structure is regarded as the symbolic mediation matrix, a device that can mediate the subject's desire. In this context, the meaning of the phallus is central, because it allows to articulate the dialectic of the desire.
Trauma can be located from the ambiguity between mediation function of the phallus and the emergence of the phallic signifier. Thus, trauma appears as the unmediated experience of the desire of the Other. This experience appeals to the return of the mediation of desire through the phallic signification. To demonstrate this version of trauma, two examples commented by Lacan were used: Hamlet and André Gide.
Chapter four, takes into account changes in the concept of small object a from the introduction of Enjoyment, whose model is developed by Lacan from the notion of das Ding.
In this context, trauma is primarily the encountered with the real beyond fantasy. The trauma is constituted by a "wild crossing of fantasy," forcing the defense of the fantasy and the encountered with the real of the small object a. We approached two examples: the place of the object in the primal scene of the Wolf Man and the text Forgetting of the proper names.
The fifth chapter explores how the definition of trauma is renewed by Lacan in his last teaching based on the concept of the Un-tout-seul. The One is established as a necessity of discourse that comes from non-existence, it is in this transition from nonexistence to existence that we must situate trauma.
In this context, it should be noted that trauma is partially explained by the relation between the parlêtre and his body. Trauma is precisely located in the parlêtre's effort to create a knot that allows it to hold together the body, lalangue and reality, as demonstrated in the case of Joyce.
In this research, the different versions of trauma identified led to the following conclusions. First, trauma is primarily an unconscious face to the real response that is at stake for all parlêtre. So, it is a singular response, an invention that allows the subject to give substance to his report to the body. Thus, the response is never traumatic standard, in the same manner as it is a traumatic event.
Similarly, the traumatic experience is not homogenous in the parlêtre, which shows the different ways in which the body is involved in subjectivity. This experience can be approached differently if making event involves the body in its imaginary, symbolic or real dimension. Thus, this argument leads to the conclusion that there is no universalism to deduct from the traumatic experience, otherwise it is always a singular answer, by playing in the relation of the subject to his body.
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factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women.
Aim: To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association.
Material and Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. Results: The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almost three times as high among those with low social support.
Conclusions: There is a combined effect between socio-economic and gender inequalities on DS. This partially explains the greater vulnerability of poor women and the DS gap between men and women.
Key words: Chile, Depression, Gender, Mental Health, Poverty.
Keywords: ADHD; Medicalization; Childhood; Discourse Structure Analysis.
Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se pondrá en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales proposiciones teóricas de Lacan a lo largo de su enseñanza, desde 1953 hasta 1981.
Luego de esto, se presenta una exposición de un caso clínico, a partir de cuatro momentos del tratamiento en donde se constata la incidencia del trauma: El inicio o la fantasía bajo la forma más angustiante (Lacan, 1962), luego la articulación del trauma y su vinculación con el deseo del Otro (Lacan, 1957). El tercer momento, corresponde al desvelamiento de la pulsión por el fracaso del fantasma, donde el trauma emerge como el mal encuentro con lo real (Lacan, 1963; Briole, 1998) mostrando el trauma en su forma más radical. Finalmente, predomina la relación a la presencia de un saber desfalleciente (Lacan, 1968) y un acontecimiento del cuerpo (Lacan, 1975; Miller, 1999).
factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) in men and women.
Aim: To estimate the association between socioeconomic status and DS in Chile and to estimate the gender gaps in this association.
Material and Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied as part of a socioeconomic survey carried out in a representative community sample (n = 2913). Using this information, we analyzed the influence of social status (education level, occupation, household income) and other psychosocial factors (gender, perceived social support, stressful life events) on DS. Results: The prevalence of DS was 23.2% in women and 13.4% in men. A socioeconomic gradient was found in the distribution of DS. This gradient was more pronounced for women than for men. Gender, social support and stressful life events were the most important predictors of severe DS, with an estimated risk twice as high among women and almost three times as high among those with low social support.
Conclusions: There is a combined effect between socio-economic and gender inequalities on DS. This partially explains the greater vulnerability of poor women and the DS gap between men and women.
Key words: Chile, Depression, Gender, Mental Health, Poverty.
Keywords: ADHD; Medicalization; Childhood; Discourse Structure Analysis.
Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica y la presentación de un caso clínico, se pondrá en evidencia la pertinencia de las elaboraciones lacanianas sobre el trauma y su uso en el abordaje clínico. Así se presenta una síntesis de las principales proposiciones teóricas de Lacan a lo largo de su enseñanza, desde 1953 hasta 1981.
Luego de esto, se presenta una exposición de un caso clínico, a partir de cuatro momentos del tratamiento en donde se constata la incidencia del trauma: El inicio o la fantasía bajo la forma más angustiante (Lacan, 1962), luego la articulación del trauma y su vinculación con el deseo del Otro (Lacan, 1957). El tercer momento, corresponde al desvelamiento de la pulsión por el fracaso del fantasma, donde el trauma emerge como el mal encuentro con lo real (Lacan, 1963; Briole, 1998) mostrando el trauma en su forma más radical. Finalmente, predomina la relación a la presencia de un saber desfalleciente (Lacan, 1968) y un acontecimiento del cuerpo (Lacan, 1975; Miller, 1999).
For this concept, there are only allusions, occasional references or its use in contexts where the focus is not trauma. Nevertheless, this situation is far from discouraging the lacanian analysts, who have proposed different approaches to trauma from the indications given by Lacan in his teachings. Thus, among the current theoretical developments, we can appreciate different approaches to trauma supported by elaborations from a specific moment of lacanian teaching.
In this scenario, it has been necessary to do a systematic revision for this research in order to understand the theoretical context in which Lacan’s different developments about trauma were elaborated. As a result, this work presents different versions of trauma and enables the reader to deduce logical approaches for understanding this concept in the clinic. Therefore, the question that oriented this research is: which versions of trauma does Jacques Lacan develop in his teaching?
This thesis has been divided into five chapters to answer this inquiry, each chapter is dedicated to analyse how Lacan approaches the notion of trauma, following a chronological perspective of his work.
In the first chapter, the opposition between the concept of history and the notion of trauma was presented. For the author, trauma is what is built in the limit of history, without entering it. In this sense, traumatism remains unsaid, because of its resistance to elaboration by history. Thus, Lacan affirms that trauma is structured from the broken images of the body, produced by an effect of its symbolization. These images insist on the discourse without being able to integrate the history of the subject, illustrated through two examples discussed by Lacan.
In the second chapter, issue of trauma in its relation with the notion of desire was discussed. The author points that trauma is situated as the inaugural moment of the relation to the Other, in other words, the moment of meeting the desire of the Other, in the form of a closed, opaque desire for which the subject has no symbolic resources ("Hilsflogiskeigt"). Trauma occurs when the significant produces the mortification of the body in the entry of the subject to language.
In the third chapter, trauma is discussed from the relation of the subject to the desire of the Other, being this approach part of the Oedipal structure. This structure is regarded as the symbolic mediation matrix, a device that can mediate the subject's desire. In this context, the meaning of the phallus is central, because it allows to articulate the dialectic of the desire.
Trauma can be located from the ambiguity between mediation function of the phallus and the emergence of the phallic signifier. Thus, trauma appears as the unmediated experience of the desire of the Other. This experience appeals to the return of the mediation of desire through the phallic signification. To demonstrate this version of trauma, two examples commented by Lacan were used: Hamlet and André Gide.
Chapter four, takes into account changes in the concept of small object a from the introduction of Enjoyment, whose model is developed by Lacan from the notion of das Ding.
In this context, trauma is primarily the encountered with the real beyond fantasy. The trauma is constituted by a "wild crossing of fantasy," forcing the defense of the fantasy and the encountered with the real of the small object a. We approached two examples: the place of the object in the primal scene of the Wolf Man and the text Forgetting of the proper names.
The fifth chapter explores how the definition of trauma is renewed by Lacan in his last teaching based on the concept of the Un-tout-seul. The One is established as a necessity of discourse that comes from non-existence, it is in this transition from nonexistence to existence that we must situate trauma.
In this context, it should be noted that trauma is partially explained by the relation between the parlêtre and his body. Trauma is precisely located in the parlêtre's effort to create a knot that allows it to hold together the body, lalangue and reality, as demonstrated in the case of Joyce.
In this research, the different versions of trauma identified led to the following conclusions. First, trauma is primarily an unconscious face to the real response that is at stake for all parlêtre. So, it is a singular response, an invention that allows the subject to give substance to his report to the body. Thus, the response is never traumatic standard, in the same manner as it is a traumatic event.
Similarly, the traumatic experience is not homogenous in the parlêtre, which shows the different ways in which the body is involved in subjectivity. This experience can be approached differently if making event involves the body in its imaginary, symbolic or real dimension. Thus, this argument leads to the conclusion that there is no universalism to deduct from the traumatic experience, otherwise it is always a singular answer, by playing in the relation of the subject to his body.
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