... Correspondence: Roger L. Mackett,. *Correspondence: *Professor Roger Mackett, Centre for Tran... more ... Correspondence: Roger L. Mackett,. *Correspondence: *Professor Roger Mackett, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Tel.: 020 7679 1554; Fax: 020 7679 1567. E-mail: rlm@transport.ucl.ac.uk. Publication History. ...
Roger Mackett*, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC... more Roger Mackett*, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT (Tel: 020 7679 1554, e-mail: rlm@transport.ucl.ac.uk) Belinda Brown, The Young Foundation, 17 Victoria Park Square, Bethnal Green, London, E2 9PF Yi Gong, ...
ABSTRACT Older people in Britain are entitled to free off-peak travel by bus over the whole count... more ABSTRACT Older people in Britain are entitled to free off-peak travel by bus over the whole country in which they live. The introduction of the policy was a political decision with the stated objectives of increasing public transport usage by older people, improving their access to services and increasing social inclusion. The objective of this paper is to examine the available evidence to see whether these objectives have been realised. The paper also explores whether there have been other benefits for older people and for wider society. It is concluded that the objectives have been met to a large extent, but that many of the impacts might have happened anyway and that the impacts are probably less than many of the studies claim.
Children in primary school are more physically active in the spring/summer. Little is known about... more Children in primary school are more physically active in the spring/summer. Little is known about the relative contributions of day length and weather, however, or about the underlying behavioral mediators. 325 British children aged 8 to 11 wore accelerometers as an objective measure of physical activity, measured in terms of mean activity counts. Children simultaneously completed diaries in which we identified episodes of out-of-home play, structured sports, and active travel. Our main exposure measures were day length, temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and wind speed. Overall physical activity was higher on long days (≥ 14 hours daylight), but there was no difference between short (< 9.5 hours) and medium days (10.2-12.6 hours). The effect of long day length was largest between 5 PM and 8 PM, and persisted after adjusting for rainfall, cloud cover, and wind. Up to half this effect was explained by a greater duration and intensity of out-of-home play on long days; structured sports and active travel were less affected by day length. At least above a certain threshold, longer afternoon/evening daylight may have a causal role in increasing child physical activity. This strengthens the public health arguments for daylight saving measures such as those recently under consideration in Britain.
... Correspondence: Roger L. Mackett,. *Correspondence: *Professor Roger Mackett, Centre for Tran... more ... Correspondence: Roger L. Mackett,. *Correspondence: *Professor Roger Mackett, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Tel.: 020 7679 1554; Fax: 020 7679 1567. E-mail: rlm@transport.ucl.ac.uk. Publication History. ...
Roger Mackett*, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC... more Roger Mackett*, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT (Tel: 020 7679 1554, e-mail: rlm@transport.ucl.ac.uk) Belinda Brown, The Young Foundation, 17 Victoria Park Square, Bethnal Green, London, E2 9PF Yi Gong, ...
ABSTRACT Older people in Britain are entitled to free off-peak travel by bus over the whole count... more ABSTRACT Older people in Britain are entitled to free off-peak travel by bus over the whole country in which they live. The introduction of the policy was a political decision with the stated objectives of increasing public transport usage by older people, improving their access to services and increasing social inclusion. The objective of this paper is to examine the available evidence to see whether these objectives have been realised. The paper also explores whether there have been other benefits for older people and for wider society. It is concluded that the objectives have been met to a large extent, but that many of the impacts might have happened anyway and that the impacts are probably less than many of the studies claim.
Children in primary school are more physically active in the spring/summer. Little is known about... more Children in primary school are more physically active in the spring/summer. Little is known about the relative contributions of day length and weather, however, or about the underlying behavioral mediators. 325 British children aged 8 to 11 wore accelerometers as an objective measure of physical activity, measured in terms of mean activity counts. Children simultaneously completed diaries in which we identified episodes of out-of-home play, structured sports, and active travel. Our main exposure measures were day length, temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and wind speed. Overall physical activity was higher on long days (≥ 14 hours daylight), but there was no difference between short (< 9.5 hours) and medium days (10.2-12.6 hours). The effect of long day length was largest between 5 PM and 8 PM, and persisted after adjusting for rainfall, cloud cover, and wind. Up to half this effect was explained by a greater duration and intensity of out-of-home play on long days; structured sports and active travel were less affected by day length. At least above a certain threshold, longer afternoon/evening daylight may have a causal role in increasing child physical activity. This strengthens the public health arguments for daylight saving measures such as those recently under consideration in Britain.
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