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Climate justice: philosophical ideal, international failure, and cosmopolitan metamorphoses Climate change raises profound moral problems, among which the issue of justice is paramount due to the severity of inequalities both in... more
Climate justice: philosophical ideal, international failure, and cosmopolitan metamorphoses

Climate change raises profound moral problems, among which the issue of justice is paramount due to the severity of inequalities both in vulnerability and causal responsibility. As major philosophical theories turn out to be unsuited to account for global, intergenerational and environmental matters, theories of climate justice have been developed since the early 1990s to address these issues, in parallel with efforts to build international climate governance. With particular focus on interpreting the “common but differentiated responsibilities” norm, philosophers have designed various theoretical frameworks and principles to account for the fair distribution of mitigation and adaptation duties. However, as it has become increasingly obvious, international governance has failed to implement fair and efficient climate policies, and so have theories of climate justice. Still, climate justice ideals are more relevant than ever. In order to further them, theories must go beyond a purely ideal and international conception of climate justice and embrace a non-ideal, cosmopolitan and multiscalar approach. Such a paradigm shift illuminates recent metamorphoses of climate justice narratives to include questions of individual responsibility, fair transition at national and local levels, and loss and damage.

La justice climatique : idéal philosophique, échec international et métamorphoses cosmopolitiques

Le changement climatique soulève de profonds problèmes moraux : celui de la justice est d’une importance primordiale en raison de la sévérité des inégalités dans la vulnérabilité et la responsabilité causale. Les principales théories philosophiques s’avérant inadéquates pour penser les problèmes de justice mondiale, intergénérationnelle et environnementale, des théories de la justice climatique ont été développées depuis le début des années 1990, en parallèle des efforts pour construire une gouvernance climatique internationale. Cherchant en particulier à interpréter la norme des « responsabilités communes mais différenciées », des philosophes ont conçu des cadres théoriques et des principes pour penser la juste distribution des devoirs d’atténuation et d’adaptation. Cependant, il est de plus en plus manifeste que la gouvernance internationale a échoué à mettre en œuvre des politiques climatiques justes et efficaces. Cet échec est également celui des théories de la justice climatique. Les idéaux de justice climatique restent toutefois plus pertinents que jamais. Afin de les promouvoir, les théories doivent aller au-delà d’une conception purement idéale et internationale de la justice climatique et adopter une approche non idéale, cosmopolitique et multiscalaire. Un tel changement de paradigme permet d’éclairer les métamorphoses récentes des récits sur la justice climatique pour inclure les questions de responsabilité individuelle, de transition juste aux niveaux national et local, et de pertes et préjudices.
Arguments in support of carbon border adjustment measures are often based on considerations of justice. Implementing carbon border adjustment measures would be necessary to, first, promote fair competition between corporations and,... more
Arguments in support of carbon border adjustment measures are often based on considerations of justice. Implementing carbon border adjustment measures would be necessary to, first, promote fair competition between corporations and, second, make carbon pricing instruments more effective and thus prevent the harms of dangerous climate change. Yet, both arguments tend to obscure considerations of distributive justice relative to the burdens of climate policies and the benefits of economic cooperation. In this article, we first explain why the case for carbon border adjustment measures based on the ideal of fair competition between corporations is flawed. Second, if the priority of harm avoidance over fair burden-sharing can justify carbon border adjustment measures, we argue that it does not justify all kinds of carbon border adjustment measures. On the contrary, it puts significant constraints on their design. We contend that just carbon border adjustment measures should include design features that allow for some form of carbon leakage risk, either via country-differentiated prices or via country-specific exemptions.
Climate justice has until now focused on the fair distribution of the burden of mitigation and adaptation. However, the evident failure of climate governance raises the new issue of loss and damage, as well as the question of what our... more
Climate justice has until now focused on the fair distribution of the burden of mitigation and adaptation. However, the evident failure of climate governance raises the new issue of loss and damage, as well as the question of what our obligations are towards the victims of the adverse effects of climate change. In this quite recent field of research, compensation is generally brought forward as the remedy to loss and damage. It nevertheless fails to provide an adequate response to some of the effects of climate change such as cultural devastation. An alternative approach, policies for hope, is therefore sketched here.

La justice climatique s'est jusqu'ici concentrée sur le partage équitable de l'effort d'atténuation et d'adaptation. Toutefois, l'échec manifeste de la gouvernance climatique soulève l'enjeu nouveau des pertes et préjudices, et avec lui la question de savoir quelles sont nos obligations vis-à-vis des victimes des dommages effectifs du changement climatique. Dans ce champ de réflexion encore jeune, c'est généralement la compensation qui est mise en avant comme remède aux pertes et préjudices. Elle échoue cependant à fournir une réponse adéquate à certains effets du changement climatique tels que la dévastation culturelle. Une approche alternative, les politiques de l'espoir, est donc esquissée ici.
Justice and planetary boundaries: what lessons can be drawn from the failure of climate justice? Planetary boundaries governance shall not only take effectiveness, but also justice into account. What approach of justice should then be... more
Justice and planetary boundaries: what lessons can be drawn from the failure of climate justice?

Planetary boundaries governance shall not only take effectiveness, but also justice into account. What approach of justice should then be adopted for planetary boundaries? In order to answer this question, we can base our reasoning on a particularly informative precedent: climate justice. After having shown that climate justice has failed to be fulfilled since its first claims in the 1990s, we will see that this failure can be blamed on a particular approach of justice, mostly based on the global scale and on international burden-sharing. This analysis allows to suggest a new approach of justice for planetary boundaries. This new framework is characterized by multiscalarity, non-ideality, and cosmopolitanism.
In a situation of urgency, philosophers cannot any longer rely exclusively on ideal theories of climate justice grounded on purely moral motives. It has become necessary to build non-ideal approaches. Our proposal is to take the problem... more
In a situation of urgency, philosophers cannot any longer rely exclusively on ideal theories of climate justice grounded on purely moral motives. It has become necessary to build non-ideal approaches. Our proposal is to take the problem of motivation seriously by highlighting prudential motives to struggle against climate change.

Dans un contexte d’urgence, les philosophes ne peuvent plus se contenter d’élaborer des théories idéales de la justice climatique fondées sur des motivations purement morales. Il est désormais nécessaire d’envisager des approches non idéales. Nous proposons ici de prendre au sérieux le problème de la motivation à l’action et nous mettons en avant certains motifs prudentiels pour lutter contre le changement climatique, en vue non pas de remplacer, mais de renforcer les motivations morales existantes, mais insuffisantes.
In: Alain Renaut, Etienne Brown, Marie-Pauline Chartron & Geoffroy Lauvau, Inégalités entre globalisation et particularisation, Paris, Presses Universitaires de Paris-Sorbonne, 2016
Research Interests:
In: Raymond Woessner, Raymond, COP 21. Déprogrammer l'apocalypse, Paris, Atlande, 2015
Research Interests:
Review of Éric Pommier's book: La démocratie environnementale, Préserver notre part de nature (PUF, 2022)
Recension du livre d'Éric Pommier : La démocratie environnementale : Préserver notre part de nature (PUF, 2022)
Recension du livre de Darrel Moellendorf: Mobilizing Hope. Climate Change and Global Poverty (OUP, 2022) Même si les données scientifiques ont de quoi nous rendre pessimistes, le philosophe Darrel Moellendorf montre qu'il est encore... more
Recension du livre de Darrel Moellendorf: Mobilizing Hope. Climate Change and Global Poverty (OUP, 2022)

Même si les données scientifiques ont de quoi nous rendre pessimistes, le philosophe Darrel Moellendorf montre qu'il est encore permis d'espérer une justice climatique. Pour catalyser l'espoir, il met en avant la mobilisation de masse, le progrès technique et l'utopie réaliste.
Review of Darrel Moellendorf's book: Mobilizing Hope. Climate Change and Global Poverty (OUP, 2022) Even though scientific data give us grounds for pessimism, philosopher Darrel Moellendorf shows that hoping for climate justice is not... more
Review of Darrel Moellendorf's book: Mobilizing Hope. Climate Change and Global Poverty (OUP, 2022)

Even though scientific data give us grounds for pessimism, philosopher Darrel Moellendorf shows that hoping for climate justice is not vain. To mobilize hope, he puts mass mobilization, technological progress and realistic utopia forward.
Recension du livre de Joseph Heath: Philosophical Foundations of Climate Policy (OUP, 2021)
Book review : Michel Bourban, Penser la justice climatique, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2018. Climate change does not affect all of us equally. Developed countries are the largest contributors to global warming, but the... more
Book review : Michel Bourban, Penser la justice climatique, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2018.

Climate change does not affect all of us equally. Developed countries are the largest contributors to global warming, but the main victims are the poorest and future generations. This raises a rarely addressed moral and political problem.
Recension du livre de Michel Bourban, Penser la justice climatique, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2018. Nous ne sommes pas tous également exposés aux effets du changement climatique. Les plus pauvres et les générations futures... more
Recension du livre de Michel Bourban, Penser la justice climatique, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2018.

Nous ne sommes pas tous également exposés aux effets du changement climatique. Les plus pauvres et les générations futures sont les principales victimes d'un réchauffement auquel les pays développés ont grandement contribué. D'où un problème moral et politique rarement pris en considération.