Cahiers québécois de démographie / Association des démographes du Québec
"We present herein a solution to operationalize the concept of kinship using the experience ... more "We present herein a solution to operationalize the concept of kinship using the experience of the IFAN-ORSTOM survey carried out in Dakar [Senegal]. Our results confirm the increased dependence of the younger generation on older generations [during life cycle changes or demographic crises]. The urban way of life does not seem to disorganize family structures in Dhaka. At present, it is through family solidarity that the shock of the crisis is absorbed." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
(english) From official records, it would appear that the labour market significantly shifted fro... more (english) From official records, it would appear that the labour market significantly shifted from the formal to the informal sector in Kenya. However, a careful examination of different data sources for Nairobi show that in the 1990s there has been no direct transfer of employment from the formal sector to supposedly flourishing informal enterprises, but rather an increasing number of employees informally contracted by formal enterprises to the expense of social and legal protection of employees. Seven out of eight jobs in Nairobi still depend on the formal sector, through either formal or informal contracts. Although migrants form more than three quarters of the active population in Nairobi, migration has not had a specific impact on the labour market structure and evolution. However, Nairobi became less attractive to active male migrants during the 1990s as unemployment and lack of opportunity in the formal sector deterred candidates from in-migrating. The Nairobi labour market a...
L'objectif de l'étude pluridisciplinaire entreprise à Dakar par l'IFAN et l'ORSTO... more L'objectif de l'étude pluridisciplinaire entreprise à Dakar par l'IFAN et l'ORSTOM consiste à voir comment, dans un contexte d'aggravation de la crise économique, ont évolué les conditions et les modalités de l'insertion urbaine. Trois composantes de l'insertion en ville ont été retenues : l'accès au travail, l'accès au logement et la constitution du ménage. Le secteur moderne cesse de devenir un débouché pour les jeunes, et le secteur informel n'a pas les capacités suffisantes pour accueillir les chômeurs. Dans ce contexte de raréfaction de l'emploi, la charge des chefs de ménages s'accroît contrastant avec la faiblesse des revenus et des ressources. La crise ne permet plus le transfert intergénérationnel des plus jeunes vers les aînés. Les jeunes vivent la crise, les aînés la supportent. Face à la crise et aux incertitudes, de nouvelles structurations sociales apparaissent et s'ajoutent aux formes de sociabilité anciennes
ABSTRACT Background Populations in subSaharan Africa are ageing, despite the devastating effect o... more ABSTRACT Background Populations in subSaharan Africa are ageing, despite the devastating effect of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in many countries. In South Africa the ageing population and the consequent increase in the prevalence of the chronic diseases of ageing is forming part of a complex and rapid health and social transition. To understand better the health and mortality experience of older people, we have carried out a 3 year follow-up of a cohort of people aged 50 years and older in rural South Africa.Design The study took place in the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance Site (DSS) in the rural North East of South Africa, which has had an annual census almost every year since 1992. Basic demographic data (pregnancy outcome, deaths, migration) are collected every year to update the census information, and complementing socio-economic data is collected at regular intervals. In 2006 individuals aged 50 plus living in the Agincourt DSS, were invited to answer an adapted versi
South Africa is experiencing a health and social transition including an ageing population and an... more South Africa is experiencing a health and social transition including an ageing population and an HIV epidemic. We report mortality experience of an older rural South African population. Individual survey data and longer-term demographic data were used to describe factors associated with mortality. Individuals aged 50 years and over (n¼4085) answered a health and quality of life questionnaire in 2006 and were followed for 3 years thereafter. Additional vital events and socio-demographic data were extracted from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System from 1993 to 2010, to provide longer-term trends in mortality. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors related to survival. In 10 967 person-years of follow-up between August 2006 and August 2009,377 deaths occurred. Women had lower mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–0.45]}. Higher mortality was associated with being single[HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.16–1.88)], having lower househo...
Cahiers québécois de démographie / Association des démographes du Québec
"We present herein a solution to operationalize the concept of kinship using the experience ... more "We present herein a solution to operationalize the concept of kinship using the experience of the IFAN-ORSTOM survey carried out in Dakar [Senegal]. Our results confirm the increased dependence of the younger generation on older generations [during life cycle changes or demographic crises]. The urban way of life does not seem to disorganize family structures in Dhaka. At present, it is through family solidarity that the shock of the crisis is absorbed." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
(english) From official records, it would appear that the labour market significantly shifted fro... more (english) From official records, it would appear that the labour market significantly shifted from the formal to the informal sector in Kenya. However, a careful examination of different data sources for Nairobi show that in the 1990s there has been no direct transfer of employment from the formal sector to supposedly flourishing informal enterprises, but rather an increasing number of employees informally contracted by formal enterprises to the expense of social and legal protection of employees. Seven out of eight jobs in Nairobi still depend on the formal sector, through either formal or informal contracts. Although migrants form more than three quarters of the active population in Nairobi, migration has not had a specific impact on the labour market structure and evolution. However, Nairobi became less attractive to active male migrants during the 1990s as unemployment and lack of opportunity in the formal sector deterred candidates from in-migrating. The Nairobi labour market a...
L'objectif de l'étude pluridisciplinaire entreprise à Dakar par l'IFAN et l'ORSTO... more L'objectif de l'étude pluridisciplinaire entreprise à Dakar par l'IFAN et l'ORSTOM consiste à voir comment, dans un contexte d'aggravation de la crise économique, ont évolué les conditions et les modalités de l'insertion urbaine. Trois composantes de l'insertion en ville ont été retenues : l'accès au travail, l'accès au logement et la constitution du ménage. Le secteur moderne cesse de devenir un débouché pour les jeunes, et le secteur informel n'a pas les capacités suffisantes pour accueillir les chômeurs. Dans ce contexte de raréfaction de l'emploi, la charge des chefs de ménages s'accroît contrastant avec la faiblesse des revenus et des ressources. La crise ne permet plus le transfert intergénérationnel des plus jeunes vers les aînés. Les jeunes vivent la crise, les aînés la supportent. Face à la crise et aux incertitudes, de nouvelles structurations sociales apparaissent et s'ajoutent aux formes de sociabilité anciennes
ABSTRACT Background Populations in subSaharan Africa are ageing, despite the devastating effect o... more ABSTRACT Background Populations in subSaharan Africa are ageing, despite the devastating effect of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in many countries. In South Africa the ageing population and the consequent increase in the prevalence of the chronic diseases of ageing is forming part of a complex and rapid health and social transition. To understand better the health and mortality experience of older people, we have carried out a 3 year follow-up of a cohort of people aged 50 years and older in rural South Africa.Design The study took place in the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance Site (DSS) in the rural North East of South Africa, which has had an annual census almost every year since 1992. Basic demographic data (pregnancy outcome, deaths, migration) are collected every year to update the census information, and complementing socio-economic data is collected at regular intervals. In 2006 individuals aged 50 plus living in the Agincourt DSS, were invited to answer an adapted versi
South Africa is experiencing a health and social transition including an ageing population and an... more South Africa is experiencing a health and social transition including an ageing population and an HIV epidemic. We report mortality experience of an older rural South African population. Individual survey data and longer-term demographic data were used to describe factors associated with mortality. Individuals aged 50 years and over (n¼4085) answered a health and quality of life questionnaire in 2006 and were followed for 3 years thereafter. Additional vital events and socio-demographic data were extracted from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System from 1993 to 2010, to provide longer-term trends in mortality. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors related to survival. In 10 967 person-years of follow-up between August 2006 and August 2009,377 deaths occurred. Women had lower mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–0.45]}. Higher mortality was associated with being single[HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.16–1.88)], having lower househo...
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