... These include ocean, lake, and peat bog cores ( [Shackleton 1977] , [Brännvall 1997] and [Gra... more ... These include ocean, lake, and peat bog cores ( [Shackleton 1977] , [Brännvall 1997] and [Grafenstein 1998] ), ice cores ( [Dansgaard 1993] and [Augustin 2004] ), corals (Correge 2006), speleothem ( [Sinha 2005] and [Cheng 2006] ), animal bones (Patterson et al. ...
It is widely agreed that stable oxygen isotope values in riverine carbonates can represent near-e... more It is widely agreed that stable oxygen isotope values in riverine carbonates can represent near-equilibrium isotopic conditions once the resurgent spring water has equilibrated with atmospheric carbon dioxide. The concept that these deposits offer an attractive complementary climate archive to speleothems is well established. However, oxygen isotope data suffers from the inherent weakness that, in most paleo-applications, assumptions are required about either the isotopic composition of the fluid or the temperature of the system. The advent of clumped isotope analysis has recently offered the promise of palaeotemperature reconstruction without the need for assumptions or information on the isotopic composition of the parent water, potentially reducing some of the uncertainty. At the time of writing there has been little published on clumped isotopes in tufa/travertine deposits. Kele et al. (pers. comm. 2015) have work in review that describes equilibrium clumped isotope palaeotemper...
In this study coupled investigations of solute chemistry and isotopic tracers (delta15N, delta18O... more In this study coupled investigations of solute chemistry and isotopic tracers (delta15N, delta18O-NO3 and delta18O-H2O) of snow and streams are used to reveal the competitive and diverse nature of biological process within a High Arctic glacial ecosystem (Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard). This includes potential mineralisation and nitrification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and ammonia within subglacial flow paths and denitrification in hyporheic zone of proglacial streams. During the initial melt phase (up to mid July), most of nitrate in the proglacial streams was directly derived from snow. But as the hyporheic zone gradually became more active after mid July and its relative contribution of nitrate to the proglacial streams water increased downstream. This was evident with a considerable downstream loss of nitrate and an increase in delta15N-NO3 (-7.82 to 14.910/00) values in the proglacial meltwater streams. At the same time non-snowpack nitrate was detected in subglacial run...
Detection and characterisation of potential nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon and se... more Detection and characterisation of potential nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon and set-up of an environmental monitoring plan – FONIMAR project – Part II. The aims of this study were mainly: (i) the identification and differentiation of the main anthropogenic nitrogen sources in the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and its catchment area; and (ii) 46 the assessment of the intra-lagoonal water circulation, the morphological development of the lagoon and its anthropogenic pressure by applying a combined approach of hydrochemical, isotopic, hydrological and remote sensing techniques. To achieve the aforementioned targets analyses of stable isotope signatures of nitrate, boron, water and sulphate have been used. Moreover the residence times of groundwater were determined by the tritium-helium dating method. To characterize the chemical composition of the different water types the concentrations of the major ions and nutrients as well as the physicochemical parameters have been measured...
The relationship between 18O in precipitation, percolation waters and contemporary calcite at Uam... more The relationship between 18O in precipitation, percolation waters and contemporary calcite at Uamh an Tartair (UAT) cave system, Northwest Scotland is presented and used to calibrate longer 1000 year 18O stalagmite records from this region. This site is located on the North Atlantic Seaboard in a climatically sensitive area where precipitation relates to the NAO and temperature to ocean circulation via the North Atlantic drift, and for which late Holocene annual climate reconstructions have been published from luminescent laminated stalagmites. High resolution 18O/16O ratios have been measured within these Holocene stalagmites using both laser ablation and micromill techniques, however interpretation of this data requires thorough monitoring of the cave system. Precipitation in this region varies seasonally, a negative linear relationship with rainfall amount is observed, and no correlation with temperature is found. The geochemical properties of the cave percolation waters show sig...
RECORDING INTERGLACIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF PLEISTOCENE TUFA CALCITEIN NORTHE... more RECORDING INTERGLACIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF PLEISTOCENE TUFA CALCITEIN NORTHERN FRANCE: EXAMPLES FROM CAOURS (MIS 5e; SOMME) AND LA CELLE-SUR-SEINE (MIS 11; SEINE-ET-MARNE) Tufas are mainly composed of calcite (CaCO3) which makes them suitable for geochemical investigation, especially oxygen and carbon stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 13 C). These isotopic ratios have already been shown to record temperature and humidity variations in the Holocene tufas, proving their suitability as climatic proxies. This study focuses on two French Pleistocene sites, Caours and La Celle. Results are compared to palaeoenvironmental, especially malacological, data. This comparison shows that δ18O and δ13C in tufas are important proxies of palaeoclimatic variations during Pleistocene interglacials, just as they are during the Holocene.
ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to identify and differentiate the main anthropogenic nitrogen ... more ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to identify and differentiate the main anthropogenic nitrogen sources present and their impact on the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and its catchment area by applying a combined approach of hydrochemical, isotopic and remote sensing techniques. The present investigation represents a new study, which, beside the traditional hydrochemical analyses (main ions and nutrients), introduces stable isotopes of nitrate, the stable isotope signature of boron and the stable isotopes of water. The analysis of stable isotopes in the nitrate molecule will be used to differentiate between nitrate coming from agriculture (synthetic and natural fertilizer), airborne nitrate and nitrate from nitrification processes in soils. Boron isotopes will be used to identify the impact of domestic wastewater on the aquatic system. The stable isotopes of the water molecule are useful tracers to calculate mixing ratios between sea and fresh water and the mean altitude of the recharge area of surface water. Moreover, this study represents a very new innovative approach for the investigation of the complex hydrogeochemical processes at the mixing interface between sea and fresh water. In addition to the analytical part, the monitoring programme will also include remote sensing techniques. Remotely sensed data from the satellites Landsat 1 MSS, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ will be analysed and processed. This analysis is to assess the multi-temporal and spatial evolution of most superficial algae flora activity and the water temperature of the Lagoon as main indicators of eutrophication and, additionally, to identify the main environmental and morphological changes of the Lagoon since the beginning of the seventies.
ABSTRACT The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O), boron (δ11B) and water (δ2H a... more ABSTRACT The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O), boron (δ11B) and water (δ2H and δ18O) were used to identify and characterize of multiple nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and part of its catchment area. The stable isotopes in nitrate measured by the denitrifier method have been adopted to differentiate among nitrate coming from agriculture (synthetic and natural fertilizers), airborne nitrate and nitrate from nitrification processes in soils. Boron isotopes have been used to identify the impact of domestic wastewaters to the aquatic system using the LA-MC-ICP-MS method. The combined use of NO3 and B isotopes has proved to be an effective means in identifying multiple nitrate pollution sources because these isotopes co-migrate in many environmental settings, their isotopes are fractionated by different environmental processes, and because wastewater and fertilizers may have distinct isotopic signatures for N and B. The stable isotopes of water have been used to calculate mixing ratios between sea and fresh water as well as to estimate the mean altitude of the recharge area of surface waters. Additionally, the stable isotopes of sulphate (δ34S and δ18O) have been adopted to trace natural and anthropogenic sources of sulphur in agricultural watersheds as well as in coastal systems. In order to characterize the chemical composition of the different water types the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, SO42-, HCO3-, PO43-, total phosphorus and total boron have been analyzed. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature have been measured. To identify the origins and fate of nitrate a water monitoring program was implemented in the Marano lagoon and part of its catchment area. The water monitoring program involved the collection of water samples from the lagoon, its tributary rivers, the groundwater up-welling line, groundwater, sewer pipe and open sea on a quarterly interval from 2009 to 2010.
... These include ocean, lake, and peat bog cores ( [Shackleton 1977] , [Brännvall 1997] and [Gra... more ... These include ocean, lake, and peat bog cores ( [Shackleton 1977] , [Brännvall 1997] and [Grafenstein 1998] ), ice cores ( [Dansgaard 1993] and [Augustin 2004] ), corals (Correge 2006), speleothem ( [Sinha 2005] and [Cheng 2006] ), animal bones (Patterson et al. ...
It is widely agreed that stable oxygen isotope values in riverine carbonates can represent near-e... more It is widely agreed that stable oxygen isotope values in riverine carbonates can represent near-equilibrium isotopic conditions once the resurgent spring water has equilibrated with atmospheric carbon dioxide. The concept that these deposits offer an attractive complementary climate archive to speleothems is well established. However, oxygen isotope data suffers from the inherent weakness that, in most paleo-applications, assumptions are required about either the isotopic composition of the fluid or the temperature of the system. The advent of clumped isotope analysis has recently offered the promise of palaeotemperature reconstruction without the need for assumptions or information on the isotopic composition of the parent water, potentially reducing some of the uncertainty. At the time of writing there has been little published on clumped isotopes in tufa/travertine deposits. Kele et al. (pers. comm. 2015) have work in review that describes equilibrium clumped isotope palaeotemper...
In this study coupled investigations of solute chemistry and isotopic tracers (delta15N, delta18O... more In this study coupled investigations of solute chemistry and isotopic tracers (delta15N, delta18O-NO3 and delta18O-H2O) of snow and streams are used to reveal the competitive and diverse nature of biological process within a High Arctic glacial ecosystem (Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard). This includes potential mineralisation and nitrification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and ammonia within subglacial flow paths and denitrification in hyporheic zone of proglacial streams. During the initial melt phase (up to mid July), most of nitrate in the proglacial streams was directly derived from snow. But as the hyporheic zone gradually became more active after mid July and its relative contribution of nitrate to the proglacial streams water increased downstream. This was evident with a considerable downstream loss of nitrate and an increase in delta15N-NO3 (-7.82 to 14.910/00) values in the proglacial meltwater streams. At the same time non-snowpack nitrate was detected in subglacial run...
Detection and characterisation of potential nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon and se... more Detection and characterisation of potential nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon and set-up of an environmental monitoring plan – FONIMAR project – Part II. The aims of this study were mainly: (i) the identification and differentiation of the main anthropogenic nitrogen sources in the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and its catchment area; and (ii) 46 the assessment of the intra-lagoonal water circulation, the morphological development of the lagoon and its anthropogenic pressure by applying a combined approach of hydrochemical, isotopic, hydrological and remote sensing techniques. To achieve the aforementioned targets analyses of stable isotope signatures of nitrate, boron, water and sulphate have been used. Moreover the residence times of groundwater were determined by the tritium-helium dating method. To characterize the chemical composition of the different water types the concentrations of the major ions and nutrients as well as the physicochemical parameters have been measured...
The relationship between 18O in precipitation, percolation waters and contemporary calcite at Uam... more The relationship between 18O in precipitation, percolation waters and contemporary calcite at Uamh an Tartair (UAT) cave system, Northwest Scotland is presented and used to calibrate longer 1000 year 18O stalagmite records from this region. This site is located on the North Atlantic Seaboard in a climatically sensitive area where precipitation relates to the NAO and temperature to ocean circulation via the North Atlantic drift, and for which late Holocene annual climate reconstructions have been published from luminescent laminated stalagmites. High resolution 18O/16O ratios have been measured within these Holocene stalagmites using both laser ablation and micromill techniques, however interpretation of this data requires thorough monitoring of the cave system. Precipitation in this region varies seasonally, a negative linear relationship with rainfall amount is observed, and no correlation with temperature is found. The geochemical properties of the cave percolation waters show sig...
RECORDING INTERGLACIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF PLEISTOCENE TUFA CALCITEIN NORTHE... more RECORDING INTERGLACIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF PLEISTOCENE TUFA CALCITEIN NORTHERN FRANCE: EXAMPLES FROM CAOURS (MIS 5e; SOMME) AND LA CELLE-SUR-SEINE (MIS 11; SEINE-ET-MARNE) Tufas are mainly composed of calcite (CaCO3) which makes them suitable for geochemical investigation, especially oxygen and carbon stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 13 C). These isotopic ratios have already been shown to record temperature and humidity variations in the Holocene tufas, proving their suitability as climatic proxies. This study focuses on two French Pleistocene sites, Caours and La Celle. Results are compared to palaeoenvironmental, especially malacological, data. This comparison shows that δ18O and δ13C in tufas are important proxies of palaeoclimatic variations during Pleistocene interglacials, just as they are during the Holocene.
ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to identify and differentiate the main anthropogenic nitrogen ... more ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to identify and differentiate the main anthropogenic nitrogen sources present and their impact on the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and its catchment area by applying a combined approach of hydrochemical, isotopic and remote sensing techniques. The present investigation represents a new study, which, beside the traditional hydrochemical analyses (main ions and nutrients), introduces stable isotopes of nitrate, the stable isotope signature of boron and the stable isotopes of water. The analysis of stable isotopes in the nitrate molecule will be used to differentiate between nitrate coming from agriculture (synthetic and natural fertilizer), airborne nitrate and nitrate from nitrification processes in soils. Boron isotopes will be used to identify the impact of domestic wastewater on the aquatic system. The stable isotopes of the water molecule are useful tracers to calculate mixing ratios between sea and fresh water and the mean altitude of the recharge area of surface water. Moreover, this study represents a very new innovative approach for the investigation of the complex hydrogeochemical processes at the mixing interface between sea and fresh water. In addition to the analytical part, the monitoring programme will also include remote sensing techniques. Remotely sensed data from the satellites Landsat 1 MSS, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ will be analysed and processed. This analysis is to assess the multi-temporal and spatial evolution of most superficial algae flora activity and the water temperature of the Lagoon as main indicators of eutrophication and, additionally, to identify the main environmental and morphological changes of the Lagoon since the beginning of the seventies.
ABSTRACT The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O), boron (δ11B) and water (δ2H a... more ABSTRACT The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O), boron (δ11B) and water (δ2H and δ18O) were used to identify and characterize of multiple nitrate pollution sources in the Marano Lagoon (Italy) and part of its catchment area. The stable isotopes in nitrate measured by the denitrifier method have been adopted to differentiate among nitrate coming from agriculture (synthetic and natural fertilizers), airborne nitrate and nitrate from nitrification processes in soils. Boron isotopes have been used to identify the impact of domestic wastewaters to the aquatic system using the LA-MC-ICP-MS method. The combined use of NO3 and B isotopes has proved to be an effective means in identifying multiple nitrate pollution sources because these isotopes co-migrate in many environmental settings, their isotopes are fractionated by different environmental processes, and because wastewater and fertilizers may have distinct isotopic signatures for N and B. The stable isotopes of water have been used to calculate mixing ratios between sea and fresh water as well as to estimate the mean altitude of the recharge area of surface waters. Additionally, the stable isotopes of sulphate (δ34S and δ18O) have been adopted to trace natural and anthropogenic sources of sulphur in agricultural watersheds as well as in coastal systems. In order to characterize the chemical composition of the different water types the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, SO42-, HCO3-, PO43-, total phosphorus and total boron have been analyzed. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature have been measured. To identify the origins and fate of nitrate a water monitoring program was implemented in the Marano lagoon and part of its catchment area. The water monitoring program involved the collection of water samples from the lagoon, its tributary rivers, the groundwater up-welling line, groundwater, sewer pipe and open sea on a quarterly interval from 2009 to 2010.
Uploads