The chapter investigates patterns of inequalities of educational opportunities (IEO) among young ... more The chapter investigates patterns of inequalities of educational opportunities (IEO) among young men and women who lived with their parents in Brazil from 1960 to 2010. We used educational transition models (ETM) applied to census data (1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, and 2010) in order to analyze socioeconomic inequalities of access and completion of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. We documented how socioeconomic origins shape educational opportunities of young people in Brazil during five decades of intense educational expansion and social change. Our analysis reveals a mixed pattern of changes: inequality of educational opportunities (in terms of parental income and region of birth) decreased at basic educational levels, persisted at secondary level, and increased in terms of access to higher education.
What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land refor... more What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels rural grievances to how it captures the collective action capacity of landowners. Using municipal-level data from Brazil’s large land reform program from 1988 to 2013, we demonstrate that the relationship between landholding inequality and unrest is conditional. Isolated threats to landed elites in the form of land invasions are difficult to repel, generating a positive relationship between landholding inequality and one-off land invasions. By contrast, sustained, broader local threats triggered by nearby land reforms catalyze landowner organization to repel land invasions, leading to the reverse relationship. The findings provide a novel answer for why a straightforward link between land ineq...
ABSTRACT O presente trabalho, procura discutir o papel que a institucionalização de sistemas de a... more ABSTRACT O presente trabalho, procura discutir o papel que a institucionalização de sistemas de avaliação de programas e políticas públicas podem desempenhar na criação ou aperfeiçoamento de mecanismos de accountability na gestão pública. Mais especificamente, se procura a analisar as relações entre o fortalecimento da função e da capacidade avaliadora do governo e a promoção de níveis crescentes de difusão de informação e criação de mecanismos de accountability. Analisando os casos do Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) e Sistema de Monitoramento e avaliação do Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS (PE ¿ DST/AIDS) arriscamos uma hipótese para os diferentes graus de accountability proporcionados por tais mecanismos de avaliação; a saber, os diferentes níveis de transparência e responsabilização proporcionados pelos sistemas e mecanismos de avaliação parecem relacionar-se mais diretamente com o desenho institucional no qual se insere a política ou programa governamental e com os atores interessados (stakeholders) na sua gestão do que propriamente com as características intrínsecas às pesquisas ou sistemas de avaliação das políticas públicas
The aim of our study is to investigate what leads Brazilian politicalparties to join the Governme... more The aim of our study is to investigate what leads Brazilian politicalparties to join the Government coalition in Congress. We analyze theprobability of success and the duration of all bills sponsored by legisla-tors in the Brazilian Congress since redemocratization. The goal of ouranalyses is to capture the effect of joining in the government coalitionon the legislative performance of representatives. Today it is well doc-umented that the legislative behavior of Congressmen is explained byparty principles in Brazil. The President, whose legislative powers wereenhanced by the 1988 Constitution, is in practice the agenda settler of the Congress. Yet we know little about what leads political parties to join the Government coalition and support the President in Congress.Our study sheds light on a fundamental question regarding the govern-ability under Multiparty Presidentialism: why parties decide to makepart of a particular coalition? Did the participants of the Governmentcoalition have greater success in approving bills? In this case, the advan-tage of being a member of the ruling coalition would not be just accessto public jobs and government resources, it would rather be motivatedby the benefit in producing public policies. We analyze the probabilityof success and the duration of all – over 30,000 – bills sponsoredby legislators in the Brazilian Congress since re-democratization to cap-ture the effect of joining in the government coalition on the legislativeperformance. Our results indicate that the effect of integrating the gov-ernment coalition in the chances of bill approval is conditional to theshare os sets controlled by the party.
Abstract: Do incumbents enjoy an electoral advantage in a context of institutional instability? I... more Abstract: Do incumbents enjoy an electoral advantage in a context of institutional instability? In many consolidated democracies, such as the US or the UK, incumbency status is a critical factor for the success of candidates. In contrast, evidence from the developing world points to no advantage or even adverse effects of holding office for the electoral chances of candidates. This paper contributes to this literature by developing a model of incumbency advantage that takes into account candidates' quality and the characteristics of localities.
The chapter investigates patterns of inequalities of educational opportunities (IEO) among young ... more The chapter investigates patterns of inequalities of educational opportunities (IEO) among young men and women who lived with their parents in Brazil from 1960 to 2010. We used educational transition models (ETM) applied to census data (1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, and 2010) in order to analyze socioeconomic inequalities of access and completion of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. We documented how socioeconomic origins shape educational opportunities of young people in Brazil during five decades of intense educational expansion and social change. Our analysis reveals a mixed pattern of changes: inequality of educational opportunities (in terms of parental income and region of birth) decreased at basic educational levels, persisted at secondary level, and increased in terms of access to higher education.
What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land refor... more What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels rural grievances to how it captures the collective action capacity of landowners. Using municipal-level data from Brazil’s large land reform program from 1988 to 2013, we demonstrate that the relationship between landholding inequality and unrest is conditional. Isolated threats to landed elites in the form of land invasions are difficult to repel, generating a positive relationship between landholding inequality and one-off land invasions. By contrast, sustained, broader local threats triggered by nearby land reforms catalyze landowner organization to repel land invasions, leading to the reverse relationship. The findings provide a novel answer for why a straightforward link between land ineq...
ABSTRACT O presente trabalho, procura discutir o papel que a institucionalização de sistemas de a... more ABSTRACT O presente trabalho, procura discutir o papel que a institucionalização de sistemas de avaliação de programas e políticas públicas podem desempenhar na criação ou aperfeiçoamento de mecanismos de accountability na gestão pública. Mais especificamente, se procura a analisar as relações entre o fortalecimento da função e da capacidade avaliadora do governo e a promoção de níveis crescentes de difusão de informação e criação de mecanismos de accountability. Analisando os casos do Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) e Sistema de Monitoramento e avaliação do Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS (PE ¿ DST/AIDS) arriscamos uma hipótese para os diferentes graus de accountability proporcionados por tais mecanismos de avaliação; a saber, os diferentes níveis de transparência e responsabilização proporcionados pelos sistemas e mecanismos de avaliação parecem relacionar-se mais diretamente com o desenho institucional no qual se insere a política ou programa governamental e com os atores interessados (stakeholders) na sua gestão do que propriamente com as características intrínsecas às pesquisas ou sistemas de avaliação das políticas públicas
The aim of our study is to investigate what leads Brazilian politicalparties to join the Governme... more The aim of our study is to investigate what leads Brazilian politicalparties to join the Government coalition in Congress. We analyze theprobability of success and the duration of all bills sponsored by legisla-tors in the Brazilian Congress since redemocratization. The goal of ouranalyses is to capture the effect of joining in the government coalitionon the legislative performance of representatives. Today it is well doc-umented that the legislative behavior of Congressmen is explained byparty principles in Brazil. The President, whose legislative powers wereenhanced by the 1988 Constitution, is in practice the agenda settler of the Congress. Yet we know little about what leads political parties to join the Government coalition and support the President in Congress.Our study sheds light on a fundamental question regarding the govern-ability under Multiparty Presidentialism: why parties decide to makepart of a particular coalition? Did the participants of the Governmentcoalition have greater success in approving bills? In this case, the advan-tage of being a member of the ruling coalition would not be just accessto public jobs and government resources, it would rather be motivatedby the benefit in producing public policies. We analyze the probabilityof success and the duration of all – over 30,000 – bills sponsoredby legislators in the Brazilian Congress since re-democratization to cap-ture the effect of joining in the government coalition on the legislativeperformance. Our results indicate that the effect of integrating the gov-ernment coalition in the chances of bill approval is conditional to theshare os sets controlled by the party.
Abstract: Do incumbents enjoy an electoral advantage in a context of institutional instability? I... more Abstract: Do incumbents enjoy an electoral advantage in a context of institutional instability? In many consolidated democracies, such as the US or the UK, incumbency status is a critical factor for the success of candidates. In contrast, evidence from the developing world points to no advantage or even adverse effects of holding office for the electoral chances of candidates. This paper contributes to this literature by developing a model of incumbency advantage that takes into account candidates' quality and the characteristics of localities.
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Papers by Ricardo Ceneviva