Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populatio... more Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populations and produces abundant fruits, an important food source for the local fauna in Brazilian wetlands. The fruits present morphological variations regarding color, shape and dimensions. In this study fruits of different shapes were collected and processed following routine techniques in plant morphology, and biochemistry analysis of endosperm. (hemicellulose) The fruits isdark, of the berry type, with partially fibrous pericarp, rich in phenolic compounds; the ruminated seed coat also contains phenols; the endosperm, formed of cells with highly thickened, not lignified hemicellulosic walls, stores xyloses, proteins and lipids. The embryo is short and straight. Xylose is the leading sugar of xylan, which can be liberated by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, such as xylanases. This sugar is of interest in several industrial sectors, such as the production of biofuels and xylitol for foods. E...
The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts,... more The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts, laticifer canals or schizogenous ducts. However, these terms are not found in the specialized literature, and ontogenetic analyses for the exact classification of these structures are missing. Accordingly, more studies regarding the secretory structures of Alismataceae are necessary to establish homology in the family or in the order. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy, ontogeny, distribution in the organs and exudate composition of the secretory structures present in five Alismataceae species in order to determine whether the family has laticifers or secretory ducts. Samples of leaves, flowers and floral apices were processed for anatomical and histochemical analyses by light microscopy. The analysis indicated the presence of anastomosing secretory ducts in all species, occurring in both leaves and flowers. The exudate contains lipids, alkaloids, proteins and polys...
RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mea... more RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears. (Amaranthaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. e I. imperati (Vahl) Griseb. (Convolvulaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. e Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae), Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poaceae) e Miegia maritima (Aubl.) Willd. (Cyperaceae). A maioria das espécies investigadas tem folhas suculentas e epiderme uniestratificada coberta por espessa camada cuticular. A densidade de tricomas apresenta-se distinta entre as espécies. Os estômatos ocorrem em uma ou ambas as faces da folha estando as células estomáticas situadas ao mesmo nível ou ligeiramente abaixo das demais. Tecidos aquíferos foram observados em todas as espécies estudadas, assim como cristais, fibras e estruturas secretoras. A estrutura do mesofilo varia entre as espécies, sendo dorsiventral, isobilateral ou Kranz. Em todas as espécies estudadas foram identificados caracteres xeromorfos.
Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura... more Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura em diferentes suportes, inclusive celular. Com fotos autorais e legendas curtas português / inglês, apresenta as principais fitofisionomias e componentes da fauna e flora do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado no município de Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos retratados são identificados ao nível de espécie. <br><br>...............<br><br><br>Livro fotográfico em formato 9:16 (169x197 mm) para leitura em diversos suportes, incluindo telemóveis. Com fotos próprias e legenda curta em português / inglês, mostramos as principais fisionomias vegetais e componentes da flora e fauna do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos representados são identificados em nível de espécie<br>
Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along... more Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along Brazil’s southeastern Atlantic coast: Coroa Grande (CG), Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) and Marambaia (M). This work aimed to evaluate the presence of minerals by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the chemical composition of epicuticular waxes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the leaf morphoanatomical features. Results revealed variation in metal contents among mangroves in the following ranges: Al (0.307–0.73), Cd (0.004–0.016) and Pb (0.095–0.325) mg/mL by ICP-OES. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%), as well as n-alkanes, such as hentriacontane and tetratetracontane. In particular, we observed differences in the micromorphology of the epicuticular wax in the leaves of plants ...
Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulator... more Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulators, including IAA, TDZ and BAP. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the production of rutin, kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3 -O-rutinoside was evaluated, based on leaf hydroalcoholic extracts of three-month-old plantlets. The relative concentration of phenolics from the hydroalcoholic extracts of plantlets cultured in control medium reached 100% compared with plantlets treated with growth regulators and donor plants (80%). The in vitro rutin production was more pronounced than the other flavonoids. While no direct relation between the content of phenolic compounds and increased flavonoid production was observed, the combination of IAA + TDZ enhanced the production of rutin (83.2 μg/g dried leaves) and kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide (29 μg/g dried leaves), compared with growth regulators used alone. Overall, these findings suggest the value of in vitro cultivati...
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgica... more Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/k...
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.
Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especi... more Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especies nativas de restingas que muitas vezes passam despercebidas, sendo substituidas, em areas litorâneas por especies oriundas de outros biomas ou paises.
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade form...
Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol ... more Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol and Pharus lappulaceus Aublet (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) were collected at Restinga de Jacarepiá, Environment Proctection Area of Massambaba, county of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied by optical microscope. Leaf anatomy is described in order to contribute to the Poaceae family study. Anatomic features observed in the three studied species such as: midrib with complex vascular system, mesophyll consisting of tabular lobed chlorophyllous elements and fusoid cells, vascular bundles with double sheath, epidermis made up of long cells, short cells, micro-hairs, prickles and silica bodies correspond to the "bambusoid type" of leaf anatomy.
Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populatio... more Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populations and produces abundant fruits, an important food source for the local fauna in Brazilian wetlands. The fruits present morphological variations regarding color, shape and dimensions. In this study fruits of different shapes were collected and processed following routine techniques in plant morphology, and biochemistry analysis of endosperm. (hemicellulose) The fruits isdark, of the berry type, with partially fibrous pericarp, rich in phenolic compounds; the ruminated seed coat also contains phenols; the endosperm, formed of cells with highly thickened, not lignified hemicellulosic walls, stores xyloses, proteins and lipids. The embryo is short and straight. Xylose is the leading sugar of xylan, which can be liberated by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, such as xylanases. This sugar is of interest in several industrial sectors, such as the production of biofuels and xylitol for foods. E...
The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts,... more The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts, laticifer canals or schizogenous ducts. However, these terms are not found in the specialized literature, and ontogenetic analyses for the exact classification of these structures are missing. Accordingly, more studies regarding the secretory structures of Alismataceae are necessary to establish homology in the family or in the order. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy, ontogeny, distribution in the organs and exudate composition of the secretory structures present in five Alismataceae species in order to determine whether the family has laticifers or secretory ducts. Samples of leaves, flowers and floral apices were processed for anatomical and histochemical analyses by light microscopy. The analysis indicated the presence of anastomosing secretory ducts in all species, occurring in both leaves and flowers. The exudate contains lipids, alkaloids, proteins and polys...
RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mea... more RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears. (Amaranthaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. e I. imperati (Vahl) Griseb. (Convolvulaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. e Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae), Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poaceae) e Miegia maritima (Aubl.) Willd. (Cyperaceae). A maioria das espécies investigadas tem folhas suculentas e epiderme uniestratificada coberta por espessa camada cuticular. A densidade de tricomas apresenta-se distinta entre as espécies. Os estômatos ocorrem em uma ou ambas as faces da folha estando as células estomáticas situadas ao mesmo nível ou ligeiramente abaixo das demais. Tecidos aquíferos foram observados em todas as espécies estudadas, assim como cristais, fibras e estruturas secretoras. A estrutura do mesofilo varia entre as espécies, sendo dorsiventral, isobilateral ou Kranz. Em todas as espécies estudadas foram identificados caracteres xeromorfos.
Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura... more Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura em diferentes suportes, inclusive celular. Com fotos autorais e legendas curtas português / inglês, apresenta as principais fitofisionomias e componentes da fauna e flora do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado no município de Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos retratados são identificados ao nível de espécie. <br><br>...............<br><br><br>Livro fotográfico em formato 9:16 (169x197 mm) para leitura em diversos suportes, incluindo telemóveis. Com fotos próprias e legenda curta em português / inglês, mostramos as principais fisionomias vegetais e componentes da flora e fauna do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos representados são identificados em nível de espécie<br>
Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along... more Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along Brazil’s southeastern Atlantic coast: Coroa Grande (CG), Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) and Marambaia (M). This work aimed to evaluate the presence of minerals by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the chemical composition of epicuticular waxes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the leaf morphoanatomical features. Results revealed variation in metal contents among mangroves in the following ranges: Al (0.307–0.73), Cd (0.004–0.016) and Pb (0.095–0.325) mg/mL by ICP-OES. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%), as well as n-alkanes, such as hentriacontane and tetratetracontane. In particular, we observed differences in the micromorphology of the epicuticular wax in the leaves of plants ...
Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulator... more Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulators, including IAA, TDZ and BAP. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the production of rutin, kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3 -O-rutinoside was evaluated, based on leaf hydroalcoholic extracts of three-month-old plantlets. The relative concentration of phenolics from the hydroalcoholic extracts of plantlets cultured in control medium reached 100% compared with plantlets treated with growth regulators and donor plants (80%). The in vitro rutin production was more pronounced than the other flavonoids. While no direct relation between the content of phenolic compounds and increased flavonoid production was observed, the combination of IAA + TDZ enhanced the production of rutin (83.2 μg/g dried leaves) and kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide (29 μg/g dried leaves), compared with growth regulators used alone. Overall, these findings suggest the value of in vitro cultivati...
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgica... more Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/k...
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.
Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especi... more Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especies nativas de restingas que muitas vezes passam despercebidas, sendo substituidas, em areas litorâneas por especies oriundas de outros biomas ou paises.
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade form...
Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol ... more Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol and Pharus lappulaceus Aublet (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) were collected at Restinga de Jacarepiá, Environment Proctection Area of Massambaba, county of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied by optical microscope. Leaf anatomy is described in order to contribute to the Poaceae family study. Anatomic features observed in the three studied species such as: midrib with complex vascular system, mesophyll consisting of tabular lobed chlorophyllous elements and fusoid cells, vascular bundles with double sheath, epidermis made up of long cells, short cells, micro-hairs, prickles and silica bodies correspond to the "bambusoid type" of leaf anatomy.
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