DEBE

INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGY OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN SHEEP FLOCKS FOR MEAT PRODUCTION

Inflammation of the mammary gland, known as mastitis, has mainly infectious origin. The disease is responsible for great economic losses in meat sheep production, because of the premature culling of the ewes and can directly affect the of lambs´ performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the main etiological agents infectious of the subclinical mastitis in meat ewes and analyze the resistance profile against 12 antibiotics. We collected 576 samples from 170 animals originating from two farms located in São Paulo. Of these, 125 (21.7%) were positive in microbiological tests. Coagulase-negative staphylococci sensitive to novobiocin (CNSSN) were the microorganisms most frequently (11.1%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to novobiocin (CNSRN) (3.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.1%), coliforms (1.7%), coagulase negative staphylococci (1.2%), Streptococcus spp. (0.9%), Corynebacterium spp. (0.3%), Micrococcus spp. (0.2%), CNSSN AND coliforms (0.2%), CNSSN and Corynebacterium spp. (0.2%) and CNSRN more coliforms (0.2%). The sensitivity test in vitro was carried out for bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. The highest occurrence of resistance of strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci was to penicillin (28.8%), oxacillin (22.1%) and cefepime (19.5%). Among the strains of S. aureus there was no resistance to the antibiotics tested. For coagulase positive staphylococci, the highest percentage of resistance was found against penicillin (42.9%). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests for microorganisms detected in herds highlight their relevance, in order to optimize the effectiveness of healing and reduce the selection pressure for multidrug-resistant strains.

Key words: mastitis, microorganisms, staphylococci, sheep.

[Effects of infectious subclinical mastitis on the performance of
lambs in Santa Ines breed]. Efeitos da mastite subclínica infecciosa sobre o desempenho
de cordeiros na raça Santa Inês. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária
35(4):299-305, 2013. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária
Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 234, Caixa Postal 339, São Carlos, 13560-970,
SP Brasil. E-mail: luiz.zafalon@embrapa.br
The mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland, clinical or subclinical, with
interference in the composition and quantity of milk secreted by ewe. The objectives
were to assess the influence of subclinical mastitis in Santa Inês ewes, the main microorganisms
involved in infectious etiology of the disease and the consequences for
the somatic cell count and weight gain of lambs. Two hundred and forty ewes and 316
lambs were studied during the period of lactation and at weaning, with weightings of
lambs at birth, at second lactation week and at weaning. After first identifying the animals
with subclinical mastitis by California Mastitis Test, milk samples from healthy
and subclinical mastitis females were obtained and subjected to laboratory testing for
microbiological confirmation of the etiology of infectious disease and for somatic cell
count of milk. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most frequent microorganisms
and higher somatic cell counts have been described in some of the groups of ewes
with subclinical mastitis until the second week of lactation. The subclinical mastitis
did not influence significantly the weight gain of lambs from Santa Inês sheep in the
production systems evaluation.
KEY WORDS. Ewe, milk, weight gain.

Oito novos registros de espécies de Ophioninae (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) para o Brasil são apresentadas: Enicospilus hacha Gauld, 1988; Enicospilus lebophagus Gauld, 1988; Enicospilus maculipennis (Cameron, 1886); Enicospilus stevensi Gauld, 1988; Enicospilus ulfstrandi Gauld, 1988; Ophion calliope Gauld, 1988; Ophiogastrella lemairei Gauld, 1988 and Prethophion latus Townes, 1971. São fornecidos dados sobre distribuição geográ?ca em diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros.

We investigated two of the most studied relationships in the macroecological research program (species richness vs. body size and abundance vs. body size) of a local chironomid assemblage from southeastern Brazil. Although numerous studies have examined these relationships, few have investigated how they vary at different temporal scales. We used data from a forested stream to document and examine these patterns at monthly intervals. Both the species body size distribution and the abundance–body size relationship varied temporally. In some months the body size distribution was skewed to the right, whereas in others it approached normality. We found both linear relationships (with different values of slopes), and a polygonal pattern in the abundance–body size relationship. This temporal variation was not related to environmental variables. Our results suggest that body size relationships are temporally instable properties of this chironomid assemblage.

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Tanytarsus obiriciae, spec. nov., a new Tanytarsini from the Neotropics is described based on male and female adults, larvae and pupae. The larvae were found living associated with aquatic macrophytes in ponds and lakes from the Northern Region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Information on larval abundance dynamics and the…