THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE III, 2017, VOL. 40, NO. 1, ISSN 2344... more THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE III, 2017, VOL. 40, NO. 1, ISSN 2344-4738, ISSN-L 1221-454X ELECTROTECHNICS, ELECTRONICS, AUTOMATIC CONTROL, INFORMATICS
Microgrids are small power systems contain distributed energy resources like Photo Voltaic(P.V), ... more Microgrids are small power systems contain distributed energy resources like Photo Voltaic(P.V), Wind, Fuel cell, Micro turbine and energy storage devices such as battery, etc. that will play an important role in future power systems. Individual AC or DC microgrids have been conventional at last decade. Different appliances at the demand side with DC or AC energy usage require multiple reverse conversions (AC/DC or DC/AC).When the number of convertors increases cost, intricacy of control and volume of circuits will be multiplied accordingly, and reliability and efficiency of the system will be reduced. To reduce the number of converters a hybrid AC-DC Microgrid is proposed by L. Xiong et al. In the hybrid microgrid both AC and DC networks are connected together and multi bidirectional converters join individual networks. Wind turbine and P.V array act as Distribution Generation (DG) units. Suggested control method by L. Xiong et al can help the system to work stable under different ...
1-Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Ir... more 1-Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran * Corresponding author email: vahidi@aut.ac.ir ABSTRACT: A fractional order PID (FOPID) for a load frequency control (LFC) is presented in a three-area power system. FOPID controllers are designed the same way as PID controllers are, with the difference that FOPID controllers have five parameters in the controller that should be determined. That is why they have two more degrees of freedom for better tuning the dynamical characteristics of the controller compared to PID controllers. Once the FOPID is designed using Genetic Algorithm (GA), a comparison is made between this approach and FOPID controllers that are designed with other optimization methods such as Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Then, the results of the frequency change and transferred power change of each area by FOPID are compared in comparison the PID controller designed using GA. The results indicate that FOPI...
The GREENPORTS project aims to develop a comprehensive model of the power system based primarily ... more The GREENPORTS project aims to develop a comprehensive model of the power system based primarily on both onshore and offshore wind energy and hydrogen produced by proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, assuming an ability of the electrolyser to provide balancing services to the power grid. The results will be implemented in a pilot case in the port of Zeebrugge and pave the ground for the integration of large-scale Power-to-Gas (P2G) installations into the energy system in Flanders, Belgium.
The current advanced information and communication technologies in smart grids let the demand res... more The current advanced information and communication technologies in smart grids let the demand response to become a valuable approach to reduce the power system operation costs, diminish customers’ electricity bills, and enhance the grid reliability. Data analytics and machine learning can be utilized in DR programs to predict electricity demand, recognize consumer behavior, and design the upcoming electricity system supply. In this chapter, the recent advancements in learning-based approaches like ML methods are studied. The basic concepts of DA and ML are illustrated, and their challenges and benefits are discussed. General facts and latest developments in unsupervised learning, supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and other learning algorithms are presented together with extensions on DR applications in the power systems. Specifically, the role of ML in electricity markets for price modeling, customer behavior learning, and EV charging management ...
20th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2020
In a decarbonised economy, hydrogen could be a promising energy carrier, mainly for the transport... more In a decarbonised economy, hydrogen could be a promising energy carrier, mainly for the transportation sector. Using hydrogen-filled vehicles can decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emission. One of the requirements for the implementation of hydrogen as a fuel for the transportation sector is a focus on the optimal design of hydrogen refuelling stations. In this work, a model was developed to study and optimise the performance of a hydrogen refuelling station located in Belgium. To maximise the total annual profits, the capacity of each subcomponent for a hydrogen refuelling station, including the electrolyser, compressor and storage, was optimised. The effect of participation in the reserve market on the economic feasibility of the hydrogen refuelling station was studied as well. The simulation was established by realistic data from the Belgian electricity market. The analysis showed that the price of both hydrogen and electricity notably affect the economic viability. Beside...
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022
This paper presents a pricing optimisation framework for energy, reserve, and load scheduling of ... more This paper presents a pricing optimisation framework for energy, reserve, and load scheduling of a power system considering demand response (DR). The proposed scheduling framework is formulated as a reliability-constrained unit commitment program to minimise the power system operation costs by finding optimal electricity prices and optimal incentives while guaranteeing the reliability of the system during contingencies. Moreover, customers’ attitude toward the electricity price and incentive adjustment and the effect of their preferences on load scheduling and operation of the system are investigated in various DR programs. The proposed scheme is implemented on an IEEE test system, and the scheduling process with and without DR implementation is discussed in detail by a numerical study. The proposed method helps both the system operators and customers to reliably schedule generation and consumption units and select the proper DR program according to defined prices and incentives in ...
This paper presents an optimisation model to assess the techno-economic feasibility of a hydrogen... more This paper presents an optimisation model to assess the techno-economic feasibility of a hydrogen refuelling station, which purchases power from the electricity market, supplies the mobility sector with hydrogen, and participates in the ancillary service market. The problem is formed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to investigate the optimal operational plans considering the nonlinear behaviour of an electrolyser and grid costs calculation model. Obtained results from various scenarios in 2020 and 2030 show that participation in the reserve market considering optimal sizing and dispatch of components increase revenues up to 16%, and as a result, decrease the hydrogen break-even price by up to 4.7% and 6.4% in 2020 and 2030, respectively. Exemption from tax and levies for connection to the grid reduces the hydrogen break-even price by up to 13%. Plant operators could benefit from the proposed approach to schedule components reliably while meeting the hydrogen demand an...
Power systems are usually subjected to some changes in connections during operation, which leads ... more Power systems are usually subjected to some changes in connections during operation, which leads to varied short-circuit levels in different parts of them and Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCRs) may be subjected to miscoordination by changing short circuit levels. Therefore, all network topologies should be considered for coordination among overcurrent relays in a power system. Reduction of operating time of relays is highly important in a protection system. This paper uses the overcurrent relays with a time-current-voltage curve for coordination among overcurrent relays with respect to all the different topologies. This improves coordination results of the relays due to the increasing number of variables and considering voltage of the relays. This paper uses a combination of Genetic algorithm (GA) and Linear Programming (LP) for improving operating time and setting current due to the increased number of constraints for coordinating the overcurrent relays. The proposed method was implemented for an 8-bus system. Optimization results show a considerable reduction in the operating time of overcurrent relays and the number of miscoordination, compared to conventional relays and the conventional optimization methods. In addition, coordination among DOCRs is maintained by changing topology of the network.
Demand response (DR) is one of the fundamental components of deregulated power systems which face... more Demand response (DR) is one of the fundamental components of deregulated power systems which face uncertainty because of unpredictable network component contingencies. In this study, a security-constrained model is proposed to coordinate supply and demand sides in a proper way toward a flexible, secure and economic grid. In the proposed model, generation units are committed to enhance the flexibility by providing up-and down-spinning reserves while an optimal real-time pricing scheme provides demand-side flexibility. Real-time pricing is developed by utilising consumers' behaviour. Different levels of rationality are given by extending demand-price elasticity matrices for different types of consumers. The proposed method can assist independent system operators to schedule generating units a day-ahead in a more reliable manner. Customers also can make the most beneficial plans by joining DR programmes and schedule their consumption optimally according to defined rates in the case of an emergency. The applicability of the proposed model is tested on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system and its effects on operation cost, technical data of the network and the expected load not served are discussed.
This paper proposes an iterative-analytical method to find the optimal
size and site of distribut... more This paper proposes an iterative-analytical method to find the optimal size and site of distributed generation units in a radial distribution system to reduce the maximum possible amount of network loss. The proposed analytical method is an advanced form of the Improved Analytical approach used in other papers. Three types of distributed generation units with different capabilities of active and reactive power generation are considered. To show the efficiency of the iterative analytical approach, different scenarios are tested in 33- and 69-bus standard distribution test systems. A 49-bus real network is also used to prove the efficiency of the proposed method for applying in real-world systems. Comparison between results of the proposed and existing methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed technique in loss reduction.
THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE III, 2017, VOL. 40, NO. 1, ISSN 2344... more THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE III, 2017, VOL. 40, NO. 1, ISSN 2344-4738, ISSN-L 1221-454X ELECTROTECHNICS, ELECTRONICS, AUTOMATIC CONTROL, INFORMATICS
Microgrids are small power systems contain distributed energy resources like Photo Voltaic(P.V), ... more Microgrids are small power systems contain distributed energy resources like Photo Voltaic(P.V), Wind, Fuel cell, Micro turbine and energy storage devices such as battery, etc. that will play an important role in future power systems. Individual AC or DC microgrids have been conventional at last decade. Different appliances at the demand side with DC or AC energy usage require multiple reverse conversions (AC/DC or DC/AC).When the number of convertors increases cost, intricacy of control and volume of circuits will be multiplied accordingly, and reliability and efficiency of the system will be reduced. To reduce the number of converters a hybrid AC-DC Microgrid is proposed by L. Xiong et al. In the hybrid microgrid both AC and DC networks are connected together and multi bidirectional converters join individual networks. Wind turbine and P.V array act as Distribution Generation (DG) units. Suggested control method by L. Xiong et al can help the system to work stable under different ...
1-Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Ir... more 1-Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran * Corresponding author email: vahidi@aut.ac.ir ABSTRACT: A fractional order PID (FOPID) for a load frequency control (LFC) is presented in a three-area power system. FOPID controllers are designed the same way as PID controllers are, with the difference that FOPID controllers have five parameters in the controller that should be determined. That is why they have two more degrees of freedom for better tuning the dynamical characteristics of the controller compared to PID controllers. Once the FOPID is designed using Genetic Algorithm (GA), a comparison is made between this approach and FOPID controllers that are designed with other optimization methods such as Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Then, the results of the frequency change and transferred power change of each area by FOPID are compared in comparison the PID controller designed using GA. The results indicate that FOPI...
The GREENPORTS project aims to develop a comprehensive model of the power system based primarily ... more The GREENPORTS project aims to develop a comprehensive model of the power system based primarily on both onshore and offshore wind energy and hydrogen produced by proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, assuming an ability of the electrolyser to provide balancing services to the power grid. The results will be implemented in a pilot case in the port of Zeebrugge and pave the ground for the integration of large-scale Power-to-Gas (P2G) installations into the energy system in Flanders, Belgium.
The current advanced information and communication technologies in smart grids let the demand res... more The current advanced information and communication technologies in smart grids let the demand response to become a valuable approach to reduce the power system operation costs, diminish customers’ electricity bills, and enhance the grid reliability. Data analytics and machine learning can be utilized in DR programs to predict electricity demand, recognize consumer behavior, and design the upcoming electricity system supply. In this chapter, the recent advancements in learning-based approaches like ML methods are studied. The basic concepts of DA and ML are illustrated, and their challenges and benefits are discussed. General facts and latest developments in unsupervised learning, supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and other learning algorithms are presented together with extensions on DR applications in the power systems. Specifically, the role of ML in electricity markets for price modeling, customer behavior learning, and EV charging management ...
20th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2020
In a decarbonised economy, hydrogen could be a promising energy carrier, mainly for the transport... more In a decarbonised economy, hydrogen could be a promising energy carrier, mainly for the transportation sector. Using hydrogen-filled vehicles can decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emission. One of the requirements for the implementation of hydrogen as a fuel for the transportation sector is a focus on the optimal design of hydrogen refuelling stations. In this work, a model was developed to study and optimise the performance of a hydrogen refuelling station located in Belgium. To maximise the total annual profits, the capacity of each subcomponent for a hydrogen refuelling station, including the electrolyser, compressor and storage, was optimised. The effect of participation in the reserve market on the economic feasibility of the hydrogen refuelling station was studied as well. The simulation was established by realistic data from the Belgian electricity market. The analysis showed that the price of both hydrogen and electricity notably affect the economic viability. Beside...
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022
This paper presents a pricing optimisation framework for energy, reserve, and load scheduling of ... more This paper presents a pricing optimisation framework for energy, reserve, and load scheduling of a power system considering demand response (DR). The proposed scheduling framework is formulated as a reliability-constrained unit commitment program to minimise the power system operation costs by finding optimal electricity prices and optimal incentives while guaranteeing the reliability of the system during contingencies. Moreover, customers’ attitude toward the electricity price and incentive adjustment and the effect of their preferences on load scheduling and operation of the system are investigated in various DR programs. The proposed scheme is implemented on an IEEE test system, and the scheduling process with and without DR implementation is discussed in detail by a numerical study. The proposed method helps both the system operators and customers to reliably schedule generation and consumption units and select the proper DR program according to defined prices and incentives in ...
This paper presents an optimisation model to assess the techno-economic feasibility of a hydrogen... more This paper presents an optimisation model to assess the techno-economic feasibility of a hydrogen refuelling station, which purchases power from the electricity market, supplies the mobility sector with hydrogen, and participates in the ancillary service market. The problem is formed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to investigate the optimal operational plans considering the nonlinear behaviour of an electrolyser and grid costs calculation model. Obtained results from various scenarios in 2020 and 2030 show that participation in the reserve market considering optimal sizing and dispatch of components increase revenues up to 16%, and as a result, decrease the hydrogen break-even price by up to 4.7% and 6.4% in 2020 and 2030, respectively. Exemption from tax and levies for connection to the grid reduces the hydrogen break-even price by up to 13%. Plant operators could benefit from the proposed approach to schedule components reliably while meeting the hydrogen demand an...
Power systems are usually subjected to some changes in connections during operation, which leads ... more Power systems are usually subjected to some changes in connections during operation, which leads to varied short-circuit levels in different parts of them and Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCRs) may be subjected to miscoordination by changing short circuit levels. Therefore, all network topologies should be considered for coordination among overcurrent relays in a power system. Reduction of operating time of relays is highly important in a protection system. This paper uses the overcurrent relays with a time-current-voltage curve for coordination among overcurrent relays with respect to all the different topologies. This improves coordination results of the relays due to the increasing number of variables and considering voltage of the relays. This paper uses a combination of Genetic algorithm (GA) and Linear Programming (LP) for improving operating time and setting current due to the increased number of constraints for coordinating the overcurrent relays. The proposed method was implemented for an 8-bus system. Optimization results show a considerable reduction in the operating time of overcurrent relays and the number of miscoordination, compared to conventional relays and the conventional optimization methods. In addition, coordination among DOCRs is maintained by changing topology of the network.
Demand response (DR) is one of the fundamental components of deregulated power systems which face... more Demand response (DR) is one of the fundamental components of deregulated power systems which face uncertainty because of unpredictable network component contingencies. In this study, a security-constrained model is proposed to coordinate supply and demand sides in a proper way toward a flexible, secure and economic grid. In the proposed model, generation units are committed to enhance the flexibility by providing up-and down-spinning reserves while an optimal real-time pricing scheme provides demand-side flexibility. Real-time pricing is developed by utilising consumers' behaviour. Different levels of rationality are given by extending demand-price elasticity matrices for different types of consumers. The proposed method can assist independent system operators to schedule generating units a day-ahead in a more reliable manner. Customers also can make the most beneficial plans by joining DR programmes and schedule their consumption optimally according to defined rates in the case of an emergency. The applicability of the proposed model is tested on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system and its effects on operation cost, technical data of the network and the expected load not served are discussed.
This paper proposes an iterative-analytical method to find the optimal
size and site of distribut... more This paper proposes an iterative-analytical method to find the optimal size and site of distributed generation units in a radial distribution system to reduce the maximum possible amount of network loss. The proposed analytical method is an advanced form of the Improved Analytical approach used in other papers. Three types of distributed generation units with different capabilities of active and reactive power generation are considered. To show the efficiency of the iterative analytical approach, different scenarios are tested in 33- and 69-bus standard distribution test systems. A 49-bus real network is also used to prove the efficiency of the proposed method for applying in real-world systems. Comparison between results of the proposed and existing methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed technique in loss reduction.
Uploads
size and site of distributed generation units in a radial distribution
system to reduce the maximum possible amount of network loss. The
proposed analytical method is an advanced form of the Improved
Analytical approach used in other papers. Three types of distributed
generation units with different capabilities of active and reactive
power generation are considered. To show the efficiency of the
iterative analytical approach, different scenarios are tested in 33- and
69-bus standard distribution test systems. A 49-bus real network is
also used to prove the efficiency of the proposed method for applying
in real-world systems. Comparison between results of the proposed
and existing methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed
technique in loss reduction.
size and site of distributed generation units in a radial distribution
system to reduce the maximum possible amount of network loss. The
proposed analytical method is an advanced form of the Improved
Analytical approach used in other papers. Three types of distributed
generation units with different capabilities of active and reactive
power generation are considered. To show the efficiency of the
iterative analytical approach, different scenarios are tested in 33- and
69-bus standard distribution test systems. A 49-bus real network is
also used to prove the efficiency of the proposed method for applying
in real-world systems. Comparison between results of the proposed
and existing methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed
technique in loss reduction.