Článek přináší informace o nových solitérních nálezech železných seker s raménky z východních Če... more Článek přináší informace o nových solitérních nálezech železných seker s raménky z východních Čech, které lze rámcově klást do období Ha C1b až Ha D2–3. Kromě již dříve publikovaného exempláře z k. ú. Pravy, okr. Pardubice, jsou předmětem vyhodnocení nové nálezy z Bašnic, okr. Jičín, a Michnovky, okr. Hradec Králové. Soubor též doplňuje další poškozený exemplář z k. ú. Pravy, jehož příslušnost k uvedené kategorii železných seker se jeví jako vysoce pravděpodobná. Východočeské nálezy jsou zasazeny do širších regionálních a nadregionálních souvislostí a v tomto kontextu diskutovány
This study focuses on the introduction of pottery-forming methods employing rotational motion in ... more This study focuses on the introduction of pottery-forming methods employing rotational motion in relation to social and economic conditions and their transformations during the La Tène period in Central Europe. It explores the diversity of technological practices on a broader geographical scale in several regions of the Czech Republic with various demographic, social, and environmental conditions during this period. The study is based on the idea that a technological process is a cultural trait whose adoption is the result of a cultural selection. These interactions are facilitated by the performances of the technological process and its products. The technological analysis relies on a recently developed quantitative analytical technique based on calculating the orientation of components of the ceramic body supplemented by qualitative classification of diagnostic features observed on X-ray images and CT reconstructions. By applying the methodology to an extensive collection of pottery samples, we have obtained a robust picture of the adoption and spread of different variants of the application of rotational motion. Based on this evidence, we proposed evolutionary scenarios that show the unique interplay of the performances of the individual variants of this general innovative idea with specific local socio-cultural conditions.
From the East Stop to the West Stop. A Contribution to New Hallstatt and Early La Tène Finds of t... more From the East Stop to the West Stop. A Contribution to New Hallstatt and Early La Tène Finds of the Eastern Type from Eastern Bohemia. The article deals with the cultural and spatial evaluation of new finds of the eastern type from the Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods discovered in the previous five years in Eastern Bohemia. The main point of our interest was to provide the complex overview of these finds, focused mainly on the provenience, chronological aspect and possible interpretations of their occurrence in Bohemia. Based on a detailed analysis of finds of the eastern type from the whole Bohemia, it was possible in terms of their origin to determinate four groups of finds, including those of the Vekerzug culture, and re-evaluate the chronological framework of the researched issues as well as interpretive aspects of their occurrence not only in Bohemia, but also in the broader Central European context. The occurrence of finds of the eastern type in Bohemia shows similar tendencies as in the neighbouring regions of the Eastern Hallstatt culture, especially in Moravia.
Keywords: Bohemia, Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, Hallstatt culture, Vekerzug culture, weapons, jewellery, wheel-turned pottery, eastern contacts.
In 1988, remains of settlement dating back to the La Tène period were detected during archaeologi... more In 1988, remains of settlement dating back to the La Tène period were detected during archaeological excavation on the grounds of a brickyard at Kostelec nad Orlicí. These vestiges, which can generally be dated to the LT C-D1 period, represent the very first evidence of human activities during the Late Iron Age in the water catchment area of the Divoká Orlice River recovered in modern times. Even more than 30 years later, the Kostelec settlement area is still one of the better investigated La Tène sites from the whole Podorlicko region. The goal of the submitted article is to evaluate it and place it in a broader context.
The article presents so far unpublished small metal finds dating from the La Tène period which or... more The article presents so far unpublished small metal finds dating from the La Tène period which originate from the Pardubice District. In addition to one artifact kept in the old collection of the Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Pardubice, these all are metal detector finds recovered in 2011–2021. The above artefacts complement the picture of La Tène settlement in the Pardubice region and expand our knowledge of the use of its eastern parts, where this issue was not well understood until recently.
The paper aims to assess a few new finds of metal vessels from the Late La Tène sites in Eastern ... more The paper aims to assess a few new finds of metal vessels from the Late La Tène sites in Eastern Bohemia. These objects are first analysed from a formal and stylistic perspective, and subsequently discussed in the context of other similar finds and their significance. The bronze vessel feet from Černčice, Rozběřice, and an unknown site which belong to the category of Mediterranean imports are discussed-along with other representatives of Late Republican toreutics-also from the point of view of the La Tène period and the Early Roman Iron Age occupation. The find from Bolehošť, on the other hand, represents an unparalleled applique in the shape of a stylised bull-head whose rendition corresponds with the West La Tène artistic approach.
Slovenská archeológia -Supplementum 2 Z. Robak/M. Ruttkay (eds.): Celts -Germans -Slavs. A Tribute Anthology to Karol Pieta, 2021
The article presents the find of a La Tène rein guide ring from Vendolí, Svitavy district. Morpho... more The article presents the find of a La Tène rein guide ring from Vendolí, Svitavy district. Morphological-typological analysis has shown that it was a so far unknown type dating to LTD1. From a regional point of view, the find complements the mosaic consisting of other, so far scarce La Tène artefacts discovered in the Svitavy region and along with them, it testifies to the existence of a communication corridor connecting permanently settled areas in eastern Bohemia and Moravia. In a supra-regional context, it represents a new hybrid form, combining features of certain western and eastern types of rein guide rings which constituted a functional and at the same time representative part of horse harness. Along with some similarly shaped finds, it represents a specific central European variant of these remarkable artefacts associated with the world of late La Tène social elites.
The paper deals with the issue of the La Tène Period settlement site excavated in 2005 in Libišan... more The paper deals with the issue of the La Tène Period settlement site excavated in 2005 in Libišany, district of Pardubice. In total, 24 features were examined with small assemblage of pottery and few metal artefacts which can be dated into LT C2–D1. Distinctive part of this site is represented by well-preserved shape of surface building of columnar construction. Obtained findings are discussed in broader context of the La Tène Period settlements in southern part of the Upper Elbe region.
In this article, the development of pottery-forming techniques employing rotational movement duri... more In this article, the development of pottery-forming techniques employing rotational movement during the La Tène period in two different regions of central Europe is compared. One region represents a small, rather peripheral, region in Eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic). Results of the technological analysis in this region have already been published. The other region is a newly-analysed region situated in South Moravia (Czech Republic) with evidence of intensive use of the local landscape throughout the La Tène period. The comparison is based on a quantitative analytic technique measuring the orientation of a ceramic body’s components. Results of the analysis indicate different conditions for the transmission of the technology. In one case, there is evidence for disruptive changes in the technology, while in the other case, continuous development with an increasing proportion of wheel-thrown pottery is observed.
The article presents the results of geophysical prospection in the quadrangular enclosure of Mark... more The article presents the results of geophysical prospection in the quadrangular enclosure of Markvartice, Jičín district, which was carried out in 2018. The obtained data resulted in new findings about the arrange ment of internal buildings within sites of this kind known from the territory of Bohemia. The ascertained form of architectural arrangement of the internal space has exact analogies only in identical types of LT C2-D1 enclosures known from the territory of southern Germany. The questions of its particular form, classification possibilities and importance are discussed. The results also confirm the affiliation of the whole enclosure with La Tène sites, the socalled Viereckschanzen, which was repeatedly disputed in the past.
Článek přináší informace o nových solitérních nálezech železných seker s raménky z východních Če... more Článek přináší informace o nových solitérních nálezech železných seker s raménky z východních Čech, které lze rámcově klást do období Ha C1b až Ha D2–3. Kromě již dříve publikovaného exempláře z k. ú. Pravy, okr. Pardubice, jsou předmětem vyhodnocení nové nálezy z Bašnic, okr. Jičín, a Michnovky, okr. Hradec Králové. Soubor též doplňuje další poškozený exemplář z k. ú. Pravy, jehož příslušnost k uvedené kategorii železných seker se jeví jako vysoce pravděpodobná. Východočeské nálezy jsou zasazeny do širších regionálních a nadregionálních souvislostí a v tomto kontextu diskutovány
This study focuses on the introduction of pottery-forming methods employing rotational motion in ... more This study focuses on the introduction of pottery-forming methods employing rotational motion in relation to social and economic conditions and their transformations during the La Tène period in Central Europe. It explores the diversity of technological practices on a broader geographical scale in several regions of the Czech Republic with various demographic, social, and environmental conditions during this period. The study is based on the idea that a technological process is a cultural trait whose adoption is the result of a cultural selection. These interactions are facilitated by the performances of the technological process and its products. The technological analysis relies on a recently developed quantitative analytical technique based on calculating the orientation of components of the ceramic body supplemented by qualitative classification of diagnostic features observed on X-ray images and CT reconstructions. By applying the methodology to an extensive collection of pottery samples, we have obtained a robust picture of the adoption and spread of different variants of the application of rotational motion. Based on this evidence, we proposed evolutionary scenarios that show the unique interplay of the performances of the individual variants of this general innovative idea with specific local socio-cultural conditions.
From the East Stop to the West Stop. A Contribution to New Hallstatt and Early La Tène Finds of t... more From the East Stop to the West Stop. A Contribution to New Hallstatt and Early La Tène Finds of the Eastern Type from Eastern Bohemia. The article deals with the cultural and spatial evaluation of new finds of the eastern type from the Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods discovered in the previous five years in Eastern Bohemia. The main point of our interest was to provide the complex overview of these finds, focused mainly on the provenience, chronological aspect and possible interpretations of their occurrence in Bohemia. Based on a detailed analysis of finds of the eastern type from the whole Bohemia, it was possible in terms of their origin to determinate four groups of finds, including those of the Vekerzug culture, and re-evaluate the chronological framework of the researched issues as well as interpretive aspects of their occurrence not only in Bohemia, but also in the broader Central European context. The occurrence of finds of the eastern type in Bohemia shows similar tendencies as in the neighbouring regions of the Eastern Hallstatt culture, especially in Moravia.
Keywords: Bohemia, Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, Hallstatt culture, Vekerzug culture, weapons, jewellery, wheel-turned pottery, eastern contacts.
In 1988, remains of settlement dating back to the La Tène period were detected during archaeologi... more In 1988, remains of settlement dating back to the La Tène period were detected during archaeological excavation on the grounds of a brickyard at Kostelec nad Orlicí. These vestiges, which can generally be dated to the LT C-D1 period, represent the very first evidence of human activities during the Late Iron Age in the water catchment area of the Divoká Orlice River recovered in modern times. Even more than 30 years later, the Kostelec settlement area is still one of the better investigated La Tène sites from the whole Podorlicko region. The goal of the submitted article is to evaluate it and place it in a broader context.
The article presents so far unpublished small metal finds dating from the La Tène period which or... more The article presents so far unpublished small metal finds dating from the La Tène period which originate from the Pardubice District. In addition to one artifact kept in the old collection of the Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Pardubice, these all are metal detector finds recovered in 2011–2021. The above artefacts complement the picture of La Tène settlement in the Pardubice region and expand our knowledge of the use of its eastern parts, where this issue was not well understood until recently.
The paper aims to assess a few new finds of metal vessels from the Late La Tène sites in Eastern ... more The paper aims to assess a few new finds of metal vessels from the Late La Tène sites in Eastern Bohemia. These objects are first analysed from a formal and stylistic perspective, and subsequently discussed in the context of other similar finds and their significance. The bronze vessel feet from Černčice, Rozběřice, and an unknown site which belong to the category of Mediterranean imports are discussed-along with other representatives of Late Republican toreutics-also from the point of view of the La Tène period and the Early Roman Iron Age occupation. The find from Bolehošť, on the other hand, represents an unparalleled applique in the shape of a stylised bull-head whose rendition corresponds with the West La Tène artistic approach.
Slovenská archeológia -Supplementum 2 Z. Robak/M. Ruttkay (eds.): Celts -Germans -Slavs. A Tribute Anthology to Karol Pieta, 2021
The article presents the find of a La Tène rein guide ring from Vendolí, Svitavy district. Morpho... more The article presents the find of a La Tène rein guide ring from Vendolí, Svitavy district. Morphological-typological analysis has shown that it was a so far unknown type dating to LTD1. From a regional point of view, the find complements the mosaic consisting of other, so far scarce La Tène artefacts discovered in the Svitavy region and along with them, it testifies to the existence of a communication corridor connecting permanently settled areas in eastern Bohemia and Moravia. In a supra-regional context, it represents a new hybrid form, combining features of certain western and eastern types of rein guide rings which constituted a functional and at the same time representative part of horse harness. Along with some similarly shaped finds, it represents a specific central European variant of these remarkable artefacts associated with the world of late La Tène social elites.
The paper deals with the issue of the La Tène Period settlement site excavated in 2005 in Libišan... more The paper deals with the issue of the La Tène Period settlement site excavated in 2005 in Libišany, district of Pardubice. In total, 24 features were examined with small assemblage of pottery and few metal artefacts which can be dated into LT C2–D1. Distinctive part of this site is represented by well-preserved shape of surface building of columnar construction. Obtained findings are discussed in broader context of the La Tène Period settlements in southern part of the Upper Elbe region.
In this article, the development of pottery-forming techniques employing rotational movement duri... more In this article, the development of pottery-forming techniques employing rotational movement during the La Tène period in two different regions of central Europe is compared. One region represents a small, rather peripheral, region in Eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic). Results of the technological analysis in this region have already been published. The other region is a newly-analysed region situated in South Moravia (Czech Republic) with evidence of intensive use of the local landscape throughout the La Tène period. The comparison is based on a quantitative analytic technique measuring the orientation of a ceramic body’s components. Results of the analysis indicate different conditions for the transmission of the technology. In one case, there is evidence for disruptive changes in the technology, while in the other case, continuous development with an increasing proportion of wheel-thrown pottery is observed.
The article presents the results of geophysical prospection in the quadrangular enclosure of Mark... more The article presents the results of geophysical prospection in the quadrangular enclosure of Markvartice, Jičín district, which was carried out in 2018. The obtained data resulted in new findings about the arrange ment of internal buildings within sites of this kind known from the territory of Bohemia. The ascertained form of architectural arrangement of the internal space has exact analogies only in identical types of LT C2-D1 enclosures known from the territory of southern Germany. The questions of its particular form, classification possibilities and importance are discussed. The results also confirm the affiliation of the whole enclosure with La Tène sites, the socalled Viereckschanzen, which was repeatedly disputed in the past.
Součásti koňských postrojů a zápřahů vozů z doby laténské se řadí k relativně vzácným nálezům. Do... more Součásti koňských postrojů a zápřahů vozů z doby laténské se řadí k relativně vzácným nálezům. Do této kategorie se hlásí též vodící kroužky, které vedle své praktické funkce spočívající ve vedení opratí plnily též roli symbolickou. Ještě nedávno byly jejich nálezy na našem území zastoupeny jen několika málo kusy. V průběhu posledních pěti let ovšem došlo k zásadnímu rozmnožení počtu známých exemplářů, a to především díky stále častějšímu uplatňování detektorů kovů v archeologii, spolupráci odborných pracovišť s amatérskými hledači nevyjímaje. V nedávno publikované studii (Mangel-Jošková-Krásný 2019) zaměřené právě na problematiku nálezů vodících kroužků objevených v oblastech Čech a Moravy tak bylo možno představit celkem 18 exemplářů. Od doby jejího dokončení ovšem uvedenou kolekci po-stupně doplňují nálezy nové. 1 Náleží k nim též vodící kroužek objevený ve Mšeckých Žehrovicích, okr. Rakovník, kterému je věnována následující stať. 2
ŠTUDIJNÉ ZVESTI ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO ÚSTAVU SAV 66, 2019
La Tène rein guide rings make up one of remarkable, but relatively less frequent categories of fi... more La Tène rein guide rings make up one of remarkable, but relatively less frequent categories of finds. Until recently, their occurrence in the Czech Republic seemed very rare. However, the number of known finds has increased significantly in the last five years, especially in association with extensive use of metal detectors. Currently, eighteen exemplars of various types in total can be classified in this category. The latest finds also include the rein guide ring discovered in 2016 within the La Tène quadrangular enclosure in Markvartice, Jičín district (Fig. 1). This exemplar (Fig. 3: 1), with affiliation to Kappel type, can be chronologically classified in phase LTD1. It is also the first known find of a rein guide ring obtained from the inner space of a La Tène quadrangular enclosure – the so-called Viereckschanze. Like the ring from Markvartice, all seventeen remaining finds from Bohemia and Moravia can be dated to phase LTD1 (Fig. 3; 4; Table 1). Most detected rein guide rings were discovered in the areas of oppida in Stradonice and Staré Hradisko (9 exemplars). There are also individual finds (4 exemplars) or finds without clearly defined contexts (2 exemplars). Only marginally (2 exemplars), rings from flatland settlement areas (Drnholec, Vodňany) are represented. Specific typological classification was possible for sixteen exemplars. In the assemblage, western types of Bechtheim, Estinnes, Hoppstädten or Kappel as well as rare rings of Orešac type occurring exclusively in the eastern part of La Tène Europe were identified. As for the total number, their finds are evenly represented in Bohemia and Moravia, however, there is higher typological variability in Bohemia (Fig. 5). In a wider context, the regions of Bohemia and Moravia together with the territories of southwestern and western Slovakia, Austria and eastern Bavaria seem to be parts of a zone where distribution spheres of western and eastern types overlap to different extent (Fig. 6). Nevertheless, rein guide rings whose occurrence is typical mainly of western territories of today’s Germany and France clearly prevail in the finds from Bohemia and Moravia. Thus, they can be understood as one of the indicators of stronger relations of both discussed areas to this direction. In the wider context, rein guide rings generally represent one of the possible markers of the geographically defined group identity of their owners and associated communities. Rein guide rings as well as other decorative yoke fittings, were one of forms of the owner’s self-presentation. Their character, association with wagons and horses as well as their prevailing occurrence in oppida and fortified sites show that their use was mainly associated with higher and privileged classes of the La Tène society. The find from Markvartice, discovered in one of the quadrangular enclosures of Viereckschanzen type, whose importance is – besides other factors – associated with residential activities of elites, perfectly fits this picture.
In 2012, during a rescue excavation, part of a La Tène residential area was uncovered at Doudleb... more In 2012, during a rescue excavation, part of a La Tène residential area was uncovered at Doudleby nad Orlicí. Sixteen situations in total were investigated, in the fills of which pottery dating to roughly LT C-D1 was found. The above site, although excavated only partially, still belongs among the best known La Tène sites in the water catchment area of the Orlice River. The article also contains a detailed evaluation of recovered finds and puts its results into a broader context of La Tène settlement of the region. Doudleby nad Orlicí-water catchment area of the Orlice River-La Tène period-settlement-pottery
International Workshop - Cremona (Italy), 29-30 April 2023
Since the good old days of antiquarianism a larger part of archaeological research has been tradi... more Since the good old days of antiquarianism a larger part of archaeological research has been traditionally attracted by luxury items, shiny metal objects, and anything just looking precious, pretty or prestigious. The time has come to gaze upon something far less appealing, but rather unexplored and with remarkable informative potential: the hideous and cheap domestic ware, locally produced by the uncultured tribes of barbaric Europe to gobble up their broths and fermented beverages! This conference addresses a group of domestic pottery classes characterised by handmade or throwing manufacture, low firing temperatures and a spectrum of decorations including incisions, fingernail impressions and plastic techniques. Similar pots with recurrent decorations are known in northern Italy, in France and in central Europe and is traditionally linked with the spread of the La Tène culture, until (and beyond!) the so-called 'Romanization' process.
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Keywords: Bohemia, Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, Hallstatt culture, Vekerzug culture, weapons, jewellery, wheel-turned pottery, eastern contacts.
Keywords: Bohemia, Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, Hallstatt culture, Vekerzug culture, weapons, jewellery, wheel-turned pottery, eastern contacts.
Like the ring from Markvartice, all seventeen remaining finds from Bohemia and Moravia can be dated to phase LTD1 (Fig. 3; 4; Table 1). Most detected rein guide rings were discovered in the areas of oppida in Stradonice and Staré Hradisko (9 exemplars). There are also individual finds (4 exemplars) or finds without clearly defined contexts (2 exemplars). Only marginally (2 exemplars), rings from flatland settlement areas (Drnholec, Vodňany) are represented. Specific typological classification was possible for sixteen exemplars. In the assemblage, western types of Bechtheim, Estinnes, Hoppstädten or Kappel as well as rare rings of Orešac type occurring exclusively in the eastern part of La Tène Europe were identified. As for the total number, their finds are evenly represented in Bohemia and Moravia, however, there is higher typological variability in Bohemia (Fig. 5). In a wider context, the regions of Bohemia and Moravia together with the territories of southwestern and western Slovakia, Austria and eastern Bavaria seem to be parts of a zone where distribution spheres of western and eastern types overlap to different extent (Fig. 6). Nevertheless, rein guide rings whose occurrence is typical mainly of western territories of today’s Germany and France clearly prevail in the finds from Bohemia and Moravia. Thus, they can be understood as one of the indicators of stronger relations of both discussed areas to this direction. In the wider context, rein guide rings generally represent one of the possible markers of the geographically defined group identity of their owners and associated communities.
Rein guide rings as well as other decorative yoke fittings, were one of forms of the owner’s self-presentation. Their character, association with wagons and horses as well as their prevailing occurrence in oppida and fortified sites show that their use was mainly associated with higher and privileged classes of the La Tène society. The find from Markvartice, discovered in one of the quadrangular enclosures of Viereckschanzen type, whose importance is – besides other factors – associated with residential activities of elites, perfectly fits this picture.
The time has come to gaze upon something far less appealing, but rather unexplored and with remarkable informative potential: the hideous and cheap domestic ware, locally produced by the uncultured tribes of barbaric Europe to gobble up their broths and fermented beverages!
This conference addresses a group of domestic pottery classes characterised by handmade or throwing manufacture, low firing temperatures and a spectrum of decorations including incisions, fingernail impressions and plastic techniques.
Similar pots with recurrent decorations are known in northern Italy, in France and in central Europe and is traditionally linked with the spread of the La Tène culture, until (and beyond!) the so-called 'Romanization' process.