muhammad affan

Proxy war is the intervention of a third party in one of the factions to fight another faction. The Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War as well as the lone wolf attack IS (Islamic State) are one of its manifestations. In the future, proxy war will be a method commonly used in conflict. This is because the progress of information and communication technology has facilitated the implementation of proxy war. The progress of information and communication technology also made this era an era of proxy war. The following study aims to outline the threats and challenges facing Indonesian Muslims in the era of proxy war. The results of the study are expected to broaden the perspective of Islamic studies by raising the subject of studies that have not yet been studied but are also expected to have positive implications in proxy war discourse. The method used in the study is literature review. The results of the study indicate that proxy-forming narratives are a threat as well as the main cha...

This article will discuss the issue of studying religion through the internet as a new trend among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. This study aims to explain the causes and consequences that can arise from this phenomenon. The results of this study are expected to contribute thoughts in the discourse on Islamic Studies in Era 4.0 which is full of disruption. The method used in the study is library research methods. From the studies conducted, it was concluded that this phenomenon emerged as an impact of the rapid development of information and communication technology. The positive side of this phenomenon is efficiency in religious learning. However, this phenomenon also raises the negative side of the threat of religious radicalism content infiltration that is also spread online. So that, caution is needed in interpreting this phenomenon which has become a trend not only in Indonesia but also throughout the world

So far, terrorism tends to be considered using asymmetric warfare methods rather than proxy warfare methods. Even though some terror attacks around the world carried out by people inspired by terrorism indicate that terrorist groups such as IS are carrying out proxy warfare methods. Based on this problem, the following article will describe the threat of IS terrorism through proxy warfare. The aims of this research to map the threat of IS proxy warfare on Indonesian Millennial Muslims. By using library research methods, this research is expected to have positive implications for the efforts to deradicalize terrorism among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. The conclusion of this research obtained shows that the advancement of communication technology has facilitated IS to spread its terrorism in Indonesia through online magazine propaganda in Bahasa Indonesia. This effort is really a threat for Indonesian Millennial Muslims who are very active in using the internet daily. In this way, IS seeks to influence Indonesian Millennial Muslims to become their proxy in running nikayah operations independently. Thus, the threat of terrorism throughout the world has also evolved from the threat of asymmetric warfare to the threat of proxy warfare, especially to Millennial Muslims. Sampai sejauh ini, terorisme cenderung dianggap menggunakan metode peperangan asimetris daripada peperangan proksi. Meski begitu, beberapa serangan teror di seluruh dunia yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang terinspirasi 200 terorisme mengindikasikan bahwa kelompok teroris semacam IS sedang menjalankan metode peperangan proksi. Berdasarkan permasalahan ini, artikel berikut akan menjelaskan ancaman terorisme IS melalui peperangan proksi. Tujuan dari penelitain ini adalah memetakan ancaman peperangan proksi IS pada Muslim Milenial Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berimplikasi positif pada usaha deradikalisasi terorisme pada Muslim Indonesia. Kesimpulan penelitian sendiri menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan teknologi komunikasi telah memfasilitasi IS untuk menyebarkan terorisme di Indonesia melalui propaganda majalah daring dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Upaya ini benar-benar menjadi ancaman bagi Muslim Milenial Indonesia yang sangat aktif menggunakan internet setiap hari. Dengan cara ini, IS berusaha mempengaruhi Muslim Milenial Indonesia untuk menjadi wakil mereka dalam menjalankan operasi nikayah secara mandiri. Dengan demikian, ancaman terorisme diseluruh dunia juga telah berevolusi dari ancaman peperangan asimetris kepada ancaman peperangan proksi khususnya pada Muslim Milenial.

Abstrak Persoalan yang sering luput dalam diskursus mengenai kekhalifahan adalah bagaimana jalan menuju kekhalifahan. Berdasarkan pada persoalan tersebut, artikel berikut akan menguraikan sejarah Utsmani sejak berdirinya sampai kepada keberhasilan mereka menduduki posisi kekhalifahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi sumbangan pemikiran dari perspektif sejarah dalam diskursus kekhalifahan. Hal ini cukup penting mengingat diskusi mengenai kekhalifahan kembali menghangat pasca deklarasi kekhalifahan oleh kelompok ISIS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah metode sejarah. Dari hasil literature review yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi sejarah bahwa Utsmani menduduki posisi kekhalifahan setelah menghancurkan Byzantium dan mengalahkan Mamluq. Dengan kemenangan tersebut, Utsmani berkuasa atas Konstantinopel dan juga tiga kota suci Muslim, yaitu Jerusalem, Mekah dan Madinah. Kekuasaan ini menjadikan Utsmani sebagai institusi pemerintahan terbesar dan paling dominan dalam Dunia Muslim, sehingga kondisi tersebut menjadi dorongan kuat bagi Utsmani untuk mengklaim posisi khalifah dalam Dunia Muslim.

The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies. Method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims. Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova. So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region. Abstrak Artikel berikut bertujuan untuk menguraikan peperangan proxy, mozarab dan kota Cordova dalam sejarah Umayyah II di Andalusia, Spanyol. Hasil kajian diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan pemikiran berbasis sejarah dalam pengembangan studi-studi Islam dan studi sosial humaniora. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kajian adalah metode penelitian sejarah melalui kajian literatur. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Umayyah II lebih memilih beraliansi dengan Byzantine atas dasar kepentingan politik kekuasaan ketimbang persaudaraan sesama Muslim. Umayyah II juga lebih berorientasi pada usaha arabisasi daripada islamisasi wilayah Andalusia yang dibuktikan dengan kemunculan kelas sosial mozarab dan kota Cordova yang berperadaban tinggi. Sehingga dapat difahami lebih jauh bahwa kehadiran kekuasaan Umayyah II di Andalusia tidak menjadi sebab langsung penyebaran agama Islam di wilayah tersebut.

This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz's philosophy approach in study the history of the battles of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The need for Clausewitz's philosophy as an approach in study the battles history of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is an attempt to understand the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a whole and more themed war. Expected by the use of Clausewitz's philosophy approach, the mistakes in analyzing the history of the battle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can be avoided.