Antonio Cevese
Università Degli Studi Di Verona, Scienze Motorie, Department Member
The negative chronotropic effects of combined stimulations of the right and left vagus nerves were compared with the effects of single nerve stimulations in 10 urethan anesthetized rabbits. The combined stimulations gave smaller effects... more
The negative chronotropic effects of combined stimulations of the right and left vagus nerves were compared with the effects of single nerve stimulations in 10 urethan anesthetized rabbits. The combined stimulations gave smaller effects than single nerve stimulations at double frequency, over a wide range of frequencies: this was more evident for the right vagus compared with right plus left, rather than vice versa. It is concluded that the effects of combined stimulations are partially occluded and that the left vagus has smaller effects than the right vagus, although such difference becomes apparent only with combined stimulations. Possible mechanisms of occlusion are discussed.
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Research Interests: Medicine and Stimulation
The reactive hyperaemia (RH) after 30 sec arterial occlusion was studied in normal and chromically sympathectomized dog hindlimbs, under general chloralose anaesthesia. RH reached higher peak flow in the sympathectomized limbs, but the... more
The reactive hyperaemia (RH) after 30 sec arterial occlusion was studied in normal and chromically sympathectomized dog hindlimbs, under general chloralose anaesthesia. RH reached higher peak flow in the sympathectomized limbs, but the percent increase of flow was the same in both hindlimbs. The time course of RH was reduced in normal limbs, thus leading to a 35% decrease of the excess flow. The above results were explained on the basis of an economizing activity of the sympathetic basal tone on available oxygen due to effects on the microvasculature as well as on the cell metabolism. The autonomic tone is also responsible for steeper reduction of blood flow after RH in the normal limbs due to enhanced myogenic reaction.
Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Dogs, Internal Medicine, Blood Pressure, and 7 moreFemale, Pubmed, Animals, Male, Muscles, Blood Flow, and sympathectomy
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A comparison of cardiovascular adaptations to resistance (RE) and aerobic (AE) exercise in Elderly (EF) and Young Females (YF) is an important and not yet completely understood topic in Sports Science. The purpose of this work was to... more
A comparison of cardiovascular adaptations to resistance (RE) and aerobic (AE) exercise in Elderly (EF) and Young Females (YF) is an important and not yet completely understood topic in Sports Science. The purpose of this work was to delineate and quantify changes in the cardiovascular system during AE and RE bouts in 12 YF and 12 EF
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Factors contributing to the reduced cardiorespiratory fitness typical of sedentary subjects with type 2 diabetes are still largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal and... more
Factors contributing to the reduced cardiorespiratory fitness typical of sedentary subjects with type 2 diabetes are still largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal and skeletal muscle fat content in 39 untrained type 2 diabetes subjects, 27 males and 12 females (mean ± SD age 56.5 ± 7.3 year, BMI 29.4 ± 4.7 kg/m(2)). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) were assessed by maximal cycle ergometer exercise test, insulin sensitivity by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate visceral, total subcutaneous (SAT), superficial (SSAT) and deep sub-depots of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), as well as femoral quadriceps skeletal muscle fat content. In univariate analysis, both VO2peak and VO2VT were inversely associated with BMI, total fat mass, SAT, SSAT, and sagittal abdominal diameter. VO2peak was also inversely associated with skeletal muscle fat content. A significant direct association was observed between VO2VT and insulin sensitivity. No associations between cardiorespiratory fitness parameters and metabolic profile data were found. In multivariable regression analysis, after adjusting for age and gender, VO2peak was independently predicted by higher HDL cholesterol, and lower SAD and skeletal muscle fat content (R (2) = 0.64, p < 0.001), whereas VO2VT was predicted only by sagittal abdominal diameter (R (2) = 0.48, p = 0.025). In conclusion, in untrained type 2 diabetes subjects, peak oxygen uptake is associated with sagittal abdominal diameter, skeletal muscle fat content, and HDL cholesterol levels. Future research should target these features in prospective intervention studies.
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Skeletal muscle biology, Biology, Medicine, Energy Metabolism, and 15 moreInsulin Resistance, Adipose tissue, Humans, Internal Medicine, Insulin, Female, Male, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Adult, Sagittal Abdominal Diameter, Peak Oxygen Uptake, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
ObjectiveCardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations... more
ObjectiveCardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations following a brief bout of forearm ischemia.MethodsYoung healthy individuals (H18‐30) and elderly without (H50‐80) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM50‐80) of both sexes were included. Forearm VC and BF, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline and following circulatory reperfusion were measured at 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.ResultsIn the morning compared to evening, following reperfusion, the VC and BF increments were similar in H18‐30 (p>.71), but lower in H50‐80 (p<.001) and T2DM50‐80 (p<.01). VC and BF following circulatory reperfusion were higher in men than women in H18‐30 (p<.001), but similar between sexes in the older groups (p>.23).ConclusionsForearm vasodilation following reperfusion is attenuated in the morning in the elderly, impairing BF towards an ischemic area. Diabetes does not affect the circadian regulation of VC and BF, but that of MAP. There are sex differences in VC and BF at baseline and after circulatory reperfusion at a young age, being greater in men, which disappear with aging without being affected by diabetes.
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To determine whether distension of the urinary bladder reflexly affects coronary blood flow, experiments were performed in eleven dogs anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. Both ureters were cannulated and the urinary bladder was... more
To determine whether distension of the urinary bladder reflexly affects coronary blood flow, experiments were performed in eleven dogs anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. Both ureters were cannulated and the urinary bladder was distended with warm Ringer solution at a steady intravesical pressure. Arterial blood pressure was prevented from changing by a pressurized reservoir of warm Ringer solution connected to the femoral arteries. Coronary blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter positioned around the origin of the left circumflex coronary artery. When the reflex increase in heart rate was prevented by atrial pacing in seven dogs, distension of the urinary bladder always caused a decrease in mean coronary blood flow. Similar results were obtained in all eleven dogs after administration of propranolol. The decrease in mean coronary blood flow was significantly reduced by atropine or bilateral cervical vagotomy, and was abolished by bretylium tosylate. The results showed that distension of the urinary bladder reflexly decreased mean coronary blood flow, a response involving efferent cardiac vagal and sympathetic pathways.
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Heart rate at rest is controlled by cardiovascular reflexes around an average value, although successive heart beats do not have constant duration. There is therefore a spontaneous variability than can be studied on the time domain, as... more
Heart rate at rest is controlled by cardiovascular reflexes around an average value, although successive heart beats do not have constant duration. There is therefore a spontaneous variability than can be studied on the time domain, as well as on the frequency domain
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Research Interests: Medicine and Modalities
We tested the hypothesis that two weeks of training performed at moderate intensity can induce cardiovascular autonomic control changes in adult sedentary women. To this aim, we continuously recorded finger arterial pressure in 8 women... more
We tested the hypothesis that two weeks of training performed at moderate intensity can induce cardiovascular autonomic control changes in adult sedentary women. To this aim, we continuously recorded finger arterial pressure in 8 women (25 yy \ub1 7; 68 kg \ub1 11, 165 cm \ub1 8) before and immediately after a training program of daily trekking (3-6 hours d-1) performed at near sea level and on irregular and undulating terrain. 8 min records were taken in 3 steady state conditions: 1) supine, 2) 70\ub0 passive head up tilting, 3) back to supine. Pressure waveforms were transformed into time series of systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Pressure and heart rate time series underwent auto and cross correlation spectral analysis to detect spontaneous oscillations in the low (0.05-0.15 Hz) and high (0.20-0.30 Hz) frequency range. All variables (measured and calculated) were compared in the three conditions before and after training; also transients (tilt-up/tilt-down) were recorded and visually compared. Overall, we did not find pre/post training significant differences in any of the variables, both in the time and in the frequency domain. Also the time course of changes during tilt-up and down was quite similar for individual subjects. We concluded that two weeks of training performed at moderate intensity were not able to induce significant changes in the cardiovascular autonomic control
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The decline in the cardiovascular autonomic regulation in advanced age is considered a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. We tested, on eleven healthy untreated women aged 60-70 years, whether a six-month period of... more
The decline in the cardiovascular autonomic regulation in advanced age is considered a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. We tested, on eleven healthy untreated women aged 60-70 years, whether a six-month period of group-based training exerts positive effects on this age-associated decline. Before and after training, ECG and arterial pressure (Finapres) were recorded in supine position. We calculated mean values +/- SEM of R-R period (RR), systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure, as well as, by autoregressive spectral analysis methods, low (approximately 0.1 Hz) and high (respiratory) frequency oscillations of RR (LF(RR), HF(RR)) and SAP (LF(SAP), HF(SAP)), and the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Training induced statistically significant changes (p < 0.05 by paired t-test): increase in RR (mean +/- SEM) from 894 +/- 41 to 947 +/- 31 ms and in heart rate variability (HRV) by 25 %, decrease in DAP from 75.8 +/- 3.0 to 70.8 +/- 2.2 mmHg, no change in SAP. L...
Research Interests: Cardiovascular disease, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart rate variability, Humans, Blood Pressure, and 17 moreSpectral analysis, Female, Statistical Significance, Heart rate, Exercise, Oscillations, Risk factors, Clinical Sciences, Physical Fitness, Aged, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Older Women, Rest, Baroreflex Sensitivity, Aerobic training, and Risk Factors
Cardiovascular parameters exhibit spontaneous oscillations at the respiratory frequency, and in the low frequency range (LF < 0.20 Hz). Although LF is attributed to the sympathetic control, the mechanism responsible for the... more
Cardiovascular parameters exhibit spontaneous oscillations at the respiratory frequency, and in the low frequency range (LF < 0.20 Hz). Although LF is attributed to the sympathetic control, the mechanism responsible for the oscillation, whether instability of the baroreflex loop, or activity of a central nervous system pattern generator, is controversial. To answer this question, time series of arterial blood pressure, heart period and left external iliac blood flow from chloralose-anaesthetised dogs were examined by standard statistics as well as by autoregressive spectral and cross-spectral analysis. The circulation to the left hind-limb was isolated and connected to a constant-pressure perfusing system, to obtain mechanical uncoupling from the central circulation. Three steady-state conditions were studied. A device inserted into the common carotid arteries allowed the carotid sinus region to be in continuity with the animal's arterial system (CONTROL) or perfused at const...
Research Interests: Time Series, Low Frequency, Control system, Dogs, Standard Deviation, and 18 moreStrong reciprocity, Blood Pressure, Spectral analysis, Female, Animals, Male, Heart rate, Central Nervous System, Oscillations, Arterial Blood Pressure, Steady state, Carotid Sinus, Blood Flow, Baroreflex, Pattern Generation, Blood Flow Velocity, Vagus Nerve, and Low Frequency Oscillation
Objectives: Cardiac syndrome X (SX) is a clinical condition characterised by angina, positive exercise stress test and negative coronary angiography; it has often been attributed to sympathetic hyperactivity. Here we tested the hypothesis... more
Objectives: Cardiac syndrome X (SX) is a clinical condition characterised by angina, positive exercise stress test and negative coronary angiography; it has often been attributed to sympathetic hyperactivity. Here we tested the hypothesis that a parasympathetic, rather than a sympathetic, dysfunction could be the cause of the autonomic imbalance observed in SX. Methods: In 20 subjects with diagnosed SX and