... In: Zeitschrift für Germanistik NE 5 (1995). H. 1. S. 22-37, hier S. 23. 23 Richard Herzinger... more ... In: Zeitschrift für Germanistik NE 5 (1995). H. 1. S. 22-37, hier S. 23. 23 Richard Herzinger: Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der DDR-Literatur. Anmerkungen zu einer Abwicklung. In: Die Abwicklung der DDR. ... Mai 1989. Hg. von Ilse Spittmann u. Gisela Helwig. Köln 1989. S. 137-148. ...
The practices through which people manage and enrich their everyday lives rely increasingly on th... more The practices through which people manage and enrich their everyday lives rely increasingly on their ability to make use of digital and informational resources. In policy texts, physical and intell ...
PurposeIn museum research, museums are held as vital in maintaining the public sphere. This scopi... more PurposeIn museum research, museums are held as vital in maintaining the public sphere. This scoping review takes stock of the present status of museum–public sphere research by providing an overview of the existing literature as a point of departure for future research. In short, it maps the research aims, theoretical concepts, research methods and findings within the field and identifies research gaps.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review methodology is used to provide a knowledge synthesis of the museum–public sphere literature. This approach is instrumental for researching multi-disciplinary, fragmented or underdeveloped research fields. Reviews can help identify otherwise easily overlooked gaps in the research literature and are an essential tool.FindingsOverwhelmingly, the published literature consists of case studies, some of which are theoretically ambitious. Still, cases are selected without explicit goals regarding analytical or theoretical generalization, and the stu...
Through this examination of trends in outdoor oriented librarianship in Norway and in the United ... more Through this examination of trends in outdoor oriented librarianship in Norway and in the United States we see both similarities and differences. In both countries we see efforts focused on promoting reading outdoors. We also see efforts in both countries to take the library outside, thus perhaps ensuring the library’s continued visibility and relevance to the community served. In both cases, library resources and outdoor spaces are woven together, despite challenges associated with taking these resources and programs outside. We also see differences: Norwegians typically consider themselves to be outdoors-oriented people, and the placement of library resources into outdoor spaces could thus be seen as a strategy to “meet people where they are,” outdoors. In contrast, in the United States there is a perception that Americans suffer from nature deficit disorder, and thus there is a focus on leveraging the library to promote more healthy engagement in outdoor spaces. This article sets...
Public libraries have played a central role in natural disasters such as the tornado in the Gulf ... more Public libraries have played a central role in natural disasters such as the tornado in the Gulf of Mexico in 2004/2005 and the tsunami in the Tohoku region of Japan in 2011, but also in the financial crisis from 2008. While public libraries in these crises took on a very active role in providing shelter and infrastructure for their citizens, health crises seem to tell a different story. The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Europe and Norway in March 2020 caused a lock-down of public libraries’ buildings for several weeks, as was the case in almost every other European country. This paper investigates the situation for the public library in Tromsø (Norway) in the period from 12 March 2020 and towards a gradual reopening of the library building to the public in April the same year.
目的:观察蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS)经动脉给药对大鼠肝肿瘤的疗效.方法:采用改良的复乳-液中蒸发法制备蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球,建立大鼠移植性肝癌模型并随机分为对照组,蜂毒素组,空... more 目的:观察蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS)经动脉给药对大鼠肝肿瘤的疗效.方法:采用改良的复乳-液中蒸发法制备蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球,建立大鼠移植性肝癌模型并随机分为对照组,蜂毒素组,空白微球组和蜂毒素微球组,每组16只.分别经肝动脉注入生理盐水(NS,1.5mL/kg)、蜂毒素(Melittin,0.35 mg/kg)、空白聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(B-MS,10mg/kg)和蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS,10mg/kg).比较治疗后各组大鼠的肿瘤生长情况、肿瘤坏死程度和生存时间.结果:治疗后,与对照组比较,蜂毒素组和空白微球组肿瘤生长率均显著降低(12.4±7.1,10.1±8.2vs 28.3±13.6,P＜0.01),肿瘤坏死程度以轻中度为主,但两组动物生存时间均未能明显延长(15.8±2.0 d,16.5±3.0 d vs 13.7±2.2 d,P＞0.05).M-MS组肿瘤生长率(1.1±1.1)明显低于其他3组(P＜0.01),肿瘤坏死更广泛,更彻底,且与对照组比较经蜂毒素微球治疗的大鼠生存期(31.0±3.9 d)显著延长(P＜0.01).结论:蜂毒素以药物微球的剂型经肝动脉给药,抗肿瘤效果明显优于单纯的蜂毒素和空白微球.
Verdensteatret åpnet sine dører sommeren 1916 og er i dag Norges eldste kinobygg som fortsatt bru... more Verdensteatret åpnet sine dører sommeren 1916 og er i dag Norges eldste kinobygg som fortsatt brukes for å vise film. Vi vet om åpningsforestillingen den 4. juni 1916 at det svenske melodramaet Madame de Thebes Spaadom fra 1915, med norsk tittel Skjæbnens Søn, står på programmet og at Bladet Tromsø kunne fortelle om lange køer. Likevel vet vi svært lite om enkelte elementer av filmfremvisningen som for eksempel filmmusikken og publikumsopplevelsen. Denne artikkelen undersøker derfor hvordan Robert J. Flahertys Nanook of the North (1922) ble fremført på amerikanske kinoer og i Norge, med noen små sideblikk til Danmark og Sverige.Verdensteatret – Tromsø municipal cinema – is the oldest cinema building still in operation in Norway. It opened in 1916, showing the Swedish melodrama titled Madame de Thebes Spaadom, and the local newspaper Bladet Tromsø reported the event. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about many aspects of film exhibition during these years in general, and exhi...
... In: Zeitschrift für Germanistik NE 5 (1995). H. 1. S. 22-37, hier S. 23. 23 Richard Herzinger... more ... In: Zeitschrift für Germanistik NE 5 (1995). H. 1. S. 22-37, hier S. 23. 23 Richard Herzinger: Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der DDR-Literatur. Anmerkungen zu einer Abwicklung. In: Die Abwicklung der DDR. ... Mai 1989. Hg. von Ilse Spittmann u. Gisela Helwig. Köln 1989. S. 137-148. ...
The practices through which people manage and enrich their everyday lives rely increasingly on th... more The practices through which people manage and enrich their everyday lives rely increasingly on their ability to make use of digital and informational resources. In policy texts, physical and intell ...
PurposeIn museum research, museums are held as vital in maintaining the public sphere. This scopi... more PurposeIn museum research, museums are held as vital in maintaining the public sphere. This scoping review takes stock of the present status of museum–public sphere research by providing an overview of the existing literature as a point of departure for future research. In short, it maps the research aims, theoretical concepts, research methods and findings within the field and identifies research gaps.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review methodology is used to provide a knowledge synthesis of the museum–public sphere literature. This approach is instrumental for researching multi-disciplinary, fragmented or underdeveloped research fields. Reviews can help identify otherwise easily overlooked gaps in the research literature and are an essential tool.FindingsOverwhelmingly, the published literature consists of case studies, some of which are theoretically ambitious. Still, cases are selected without explicit goals regarding analytical or theoretical generalization, and the stu...
Through this examination of trends in outdoor oriented librarianship in Norway and in the United ... more Through this examination of trends in outdoor oriented librarianship in Norway and in the United States we see both similarities and differences. In both countries we see efforts focused on promoting reading outdoors. We also see efforts in both countries to take the library outside, thus perhaps ensuring the library’s continued visibility and relevance to the community served. In both cases, library resources and outdoor spaces are woven together, despite challenges associated with taking these resources and programs outside. We also see differences: Norwegians typically consider themselves to be outdoors-oriented people, and the placement of library resources into outdoor spaces could thus be seen as a strategy to “meet people where they are,” outdoors. In contrast, in the United States there is a perception that Americans suffer from nature deficit disorder, and thus there is a focus on leveraging the library to promote more healthy engagement in outdoor spaces. This article sets...
Public libraries have played a central role in natural disasters such as the tornado in the Gulf ... more Public libraries have played a central role in natural disasters such as the tornado in the Gulf of Mexico in 2004/2005 and the tsunami in the Tohoku region of Japan in 2011, but also in the financial crisis from 2008. While public libraries in these crises took on a very active role in providing shelter and infrastructure for their citizens, health crises seem to tell a different story. The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Europe and Norway in March 2020 caused a lock-down of public libraries’ buildings for several weeks, as was the case in almost every other European country. This paper investigates the situation for the public library in Tromsø (Norway) in the period from 12 March 2020 and towards a gradual reopening of the library building to the public in April the same year.
目的:观察蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS)经动脉给药对大鼠肝肿瘤的疗效.方法:采用改良的复乳-液中蒸发法制备蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球,建立大鼠移植性肝癌模型并随机分为对照组,蜂毒素组,空... more 目的:观察蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS)经动脉给药对大鼠肝肿瘤的疗效.方法:采用改良的复乳-液中蒸发法制备蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球,建立大鼠移植性肝癌模型并随机分为对照组,蜂毒素组,空白微球组和蜂毒素微球组,每组16只.分别经肝动脉注入生理盐水(NS,1.5mL/kg)、蜂毒素(Melittin,0.35 mg/kg)、空白聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(B-MS,10mg/kg)和蜂毒素-聚乳酸/羟乙酸微球(M-MS,10mg/kg).比较治疗后各组大鼠的肿瘤生长情况、肿瘤坏死程度和生存时间.结果:治疗后,与对照组比较,蜂毒素组和空白微球组肿瘤生长率均显著降低(12.4±7.1,10.1±8.2vs 28.3±13.6,P＜0.01),肿瘤坏死程度以轻中度为主,但两组动物生存时间均未能明显延长(15.8±2.0 d,16.5±3.0 d vs 13.7±2.2 d,P＞0.05).M-MS组肿瘤生长率(1.1±1.1)明显低于其他3组(P＜0.01),肿瘤坏死更广泛,更彻底,且与对照组比较经蜂毒素微球治疗的大鼠生存期(31.0±3.9 d)显著延长(P＜0.01).结论:蜂毒素以药物微球的剂型经肝动脉给药,抗肿瘤效果明显优于单纯的蜂毒素和空白微球.
Verdensteatret åpnet sine dører sommeren 1916 og er i dag Norges eldste kinobygg som fortsatt bru... more Verdensteatret åpnet sine dører sommeren 1916 og er i dag Norges eldste kinobygg som fortsatt brukes for å vise film. Vi vet om åpningsforestillingen den 4. juni 1916 at det svenske melodramaet Madame de Thebes Spaadom fra 1915, med norsk tittel Skjæbnens Søn, står på programmet og at Bladet Tromsø kunne fortelle om lange køer. Likevel vet vi svært lite om enkelte elementer av filmfremvisningen som for eksempel filmmusikken og publikumsopplevelsen. Denne artikkelen undersøker derfor hvordan Robert J. Flahertys Nanook of the North (1922) ble fremført på amerikanske kinoer og i Norge, med noen små sideblikk til Danmark og Sverige.Verdensteatret – Tromsø municipal cinema – is the oldest cinema building still in operation in Norway. It opened in 1916, showing the Swedish melodrama titled Madame de Thebes Spaadom, and the local newspaper Bladet Tromsø reported the event. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about many aspects of film exhibition during these years in general, and exhi...
Libraries, Archives and Museums as Democratic Spaces in a Digital Age, 2020
In 2007, ABM-u was reorganized based on an evaluation carried out by
Statskonsult.² The evaluatio... more In 2007, ABM-u was reorganized based on an evaluation carried out by Statskonsult.² The evaluation was to “assess the appropriateness of the current organization of ABM–u and outline possible alternatives” (Statskonsult 2006, foreword). In 2010, the central government administration of the LAM (libraries, archives, and museums) sector was reorganized and ABM–u was discontinued (St.meld. nr. 20 (2009–2010)). This should lead to “a better and more focused work on the digital challenges of the future in the archives, libraries and museums” (St.meld. nr. 20 (2009–2010), 3). ABM–u’s short-lived existence appears as a long-drawn-out reorganization process. In short, ABM–u was created, evaluated, reorganized, re-evaluated, reorganized, and discontinued within seven years. In the years before, during, and after ABM–u, the LAMtask portfolio was distributed within different institutional frameworks. It is noteworthy that a central governmental agency was closed seemingly painlessly in just under eleven months. This article raises the question of why ABM–u was not continued as a cultural policy instrument for theLAMsector. The question provides a basis for elucidating conditions for state governance in the cultural heritage area, contributing to the academic and professional discussion of organizational and governance models in the public sector and reorganization processes in Norwegian public administration. Also, the chapter is a contribution to the international literature on institutional convergence in the LAM field. Convergence in the LAM sector concerns co-location, forms of collaboration, and digitalization. The article describes the process from the establishment of ABM–u in 2003 to reorganization and closure in 2010. An underlying and central issue in the process was the importance of digitizing cultural heritage and whether a separate coordination body was appropriate to achieve this. The concepts of digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are often confused. Warner and Wäger (2019, 328) provide an overview of definitions of the three concepts ranging from the change in technology and changing socio-technical systems to the transformation of the business models and institutions. Digitization means “[t] he encoding of analog information into digital format. Digitization makes physical products [e.g., artifacts] programmable, addressable, sensible, communicable, memorable, traceable and associable” (Yoo, Henfridsson, and Lyytinen 2010, 725). Digitalization is defined as “[a] sociotechnical process of applying digitizing techniques to broader social and institutional contexts that render digital technologies infrastructural” (Tilson, Lyytinen, and 2 Statskonsult was until 2008 the Norwegian government directorate for administrative development, and then merged into a larger agency; see note 5. 7 Institutional Convergence and Divergence in Norwegian Cultural Policy | 135 Sørensen 2010, 749). Digital transformation involves “the changes digital technologies can bring about in a company’s business model, which result in changed products or organizational structures or in the automation of processes” (Hess, Matt, Benlian, and Wiesböck 2016, 124). We analyze and discuss the change processes in the central government LAM organization engaging historical institutional theory and a policy studies approach and primarily examine public documents such as annual reports, White Papers, consultation statements, budget proposals, letters of assignment, and evaluation reports. The 20 years of digital and institutional development since 1999 is in focus.
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Statskonsult.² The evaluation was to “assess the appropriateness of the current
organization of ABM–u and outline possible alternatives” (Statskonsult 2006,
foreword). In 2010, the central government administration of the LAM (libraries,
archives, and museums) sector was reorganized and ABM–u was discontinued
(St.meld. nr. 20 (2009–2010)). This should lead to “a better and more focused work
on the digital challenges of the future in the archives, libraries and museums”
(St.meld. nr. 20 (2009–2010), 3).
ABM–u’s short-lived existence appears as a long-drawn-out reorganization
process. In short, ABM–u was created, evaluated, reorganized, re-evaluated, reorganized,
and discontinued within seven years. In the years before, during, and
after ABM–u, the LAMtask portfolio was distributed within different institutional
frameworks. It is noteworthy that a central governmental agency was closed seemingly
painlessly in just under eleven months.
This article raises the question of why ABM–u was not continued as a cultural
policy instrument for theLAMsector. The question provides a basis for elucidating
conditions for state governance in the cultural heritage area, contributing to the
academic and professional discussion of organizational and governance models
in the public sector and reorganization processes in Norwegian public administration.
Also, the chapter is a contribution to the international literature on institutional
convergence in the LAM field. Convergence in the LAM sector concerns
co-location, forms of collaboration, and digitalization. The article describes the
process from the establishment of ABM–u in 2003 to reorganization and closure
in 2010. An underlying and central issue in the process was the importance of
digitizing cultural heritage and whether a separate coordination body was appropriate
to achieve this.
The concepts of digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are
often confused. Warner and Wäger (2019, 328) provide an overview of definitions
of the three concepts ranging from the change in technology and changing
socio-technical systems to the transformation of the business models and institutions.
Digitization means “[t] he encoding of analog information into digital
format. Digitization makes physical products [e.g., artifacts] programmable, addressable,
sensible, communicable, memorable, traceable and associable” (Yoo,
Henfridsson, and Lyytinen 2010, 725). Digitalization is defined as “[a] sociotechnical
process of applying digitizing techniques to broader social and institutional
contexts that render digital technologies infrastructural” (Tilson, Lyytinen, and
2 Statskonsult was until 2008 the Norwegian government directorate for administrative development,
and then merged into a larger agency; see note 5.
7 Institutional Convergence and Divergence in Norwegian Cultural Policy | 135
Sørensen 2010, 749). Digital transformation involves “the changes digital technologies
can bring about in a company’s business model, which result in changed
products or organizational structures or in the automation of processes” (Hess,
Matt, Benlian, and Wiesböck 2016, 124).
We analyze and discuss the change processes in the central government LAM
organization engaging historical institutional theory and a policy studies approach
and primarily examine public documents such as annual reports, White
Papers, consultation statements, budget proposals, letters of assignment, and
evaluation reports. The 20 years of digital and institutional development since
1999 is in focus.