Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas has become an indicator in global warming and climate chan... more Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas has become an indicator in global warming and climate change. Meanwhile, cities are a medium whereby the source of carbon dioxide is released due to the urbanization and transportation sector. This situation leads to unpredictable impact to the environmental, social and economic condition of the city. Kuala Lumpur is a capital city that experiences rapid growth and was chosen for input-output analysis while Bukit Bintang road and Tunku Abdul Rahman road were chosen for ambient air monitoring due to traffic congestion problems in the city centre. The ambient air quality monitoring was measured on Saturday, Sunday and Monday for 8 hours. The sampling started at 7.00 a.m until 3.00 p.m. with a 5-minute log interval. The study found that carbon dioxide emission from both roads in Kuala Lumpur contributed to 376 ppm of carbon dioxide showing that transportation was a massive source of greenhouse gas emission in the city. Meanwhile, the input-output ...
Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diver... more Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diverse urban systems. Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where their practicality and efficacy could be assessed. The aim of the thesis is to establish an environmental assessment tool based on urban metabolism approach to assist decision-making during environmental and economic assessment. The outcome provides understanding on the means of integrating carbon footprint and monetary factor to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general, or a household or an individual in particular, in relation to global warming potential. This study applied a retrospective cross sectional study to provide a form of environmental assessment in developing economic-environmental input-output model for greenhouse gases emission monitoring and climate change adaptation. Methodologically, the potential impact from economic sectors’ contribution on greenhouse gas emissions ...
Introduction : Sustainability means the maintenance of biodiversity to ensure the availability of... more Introduction : Sustainability means the maintenance of biodiversity to ensure the availability of resources in the future. Hence by understanding the requirement of a geographical area and its ecological and economical resource is an important requirement in the analysis and management of a sustainable city while considering climate change impacts. Objective : This ECONOMIC-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT tool evaluates the novelty in direct and indirect environmental impacts assessment tools associated with the consumption of goods and services in 120 economic sectors by household individuals living in Malaysia using environmentally extended input output (IO) analysis as a sustainable indicator tool. Methodology : The environmental impacts with climate change scenario will address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The underlying principle is to extend the Leontief matrix which is previously used for economic studies to cover environmental aspects. This methodology relies on the Malaysia economic input output table and on greenhouse gases emission intensity. The outcome of this method could be applied to other nations, municipalities or cities where local household expenditures data are not available. Results : This study identifies the sectors with the largest impacts to enable the risk managers to prioritise strategies in reducing the impacts towards sustainable consumption. The estimated total GHG emissions in 2005 for individuals amounted to 4.87 kg eq./CO2/day. The identified sectors that contributed most are energy for transportation, energy for residential consumption, energy industry and forest conversion. Conclusion : The improvement measures proposed for these identified sectors to effectively decrease directly the environmental impacts related with GHG emissions and to promote sustainable economy indirectly based on individual consumption patterns.
MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (Short Communication), 2021
The delivery of environmental health in Malaysia is still in the maturity progress. The collabora... more The delivery of environmental health in Malaysia is still in the maturity progress. The collaboration between stakeholders such as the government and the private sector is growing steadily. Through the process of maturing environmental health deliveries, some barriers need to be looked into. Some of the barriers such as information and communication, effective education, and solving methods among stakeholders can be solved if all agencies from the federal until the local council level work together strategically. In order to move forward in providing a comprehensive environmental health delivery, there are a few strategic ways to overcome the barriers such as enabling information and technology sharing among the stakeholders, producing quality decision-making processes that involved stakeholders active engagement, and participation in structured stakeholders' in operational guideline production that also involved not just government but also from private sectors. Lastly, for barriers to be broken, it just needs a few good strategies, cooperation, and determination. Over time, by having mutual understanding and overcoming the differences, one day Malaysia will succeed in providing a matured and comprehensive delivery of environmental health towards the community better than any developed country. Strategic collaboration within the Malaysian environmental health service can be executed as seen in the country's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic had forced the Ministry of Health to work together with various agencies within the government at both federal and state-level in an effective and efficient manner to curb the spread of the virus. The collaboration was proven to be a success story as Malaysia had become one of the countries that successfully managed to contain the virus, even better than developed countries such as the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Brazil. Malaysia has succeeded to handle COVID-19 and recognized as one of the leading countries in handling COVID-19 cases. If similar principles of collaboration during the handling of the COVID-19 virus being applied towards the environmental health service, Malaysia can stand tall amongst the countries that have environmental health services in an effective manner.
(Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (MJEH) - Short Communication: The Delivery of Environmental Health Services in Malaysia (March 2020)
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology , 2020
The effectiveness of urban green space (UGS) to sustain the urban environment in terms of air pol... more The effectiveness of urban green space (UGS) to sustain the urban environment in terms of air pollution and urban heat island mitigation is to be examined. Kuala Lumpur is a tropical city that experiences rapid growth and has a significant role in the economic growth of Malaysia. Two types of urban green space were selected: Permaisuri Lake Garden to represent 'large park' category and Manjalara Lake Garden for 'medium park' category. Particulate matter (PM10) was used as an air quality indicator meanwhile temperature was used as a heat level indicator to compare the climate change mitigation impact of the two types of urban green spaces. The PM10 and heat level data were calculated as the mean concentrations for four days at both UGS. The mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between large and medium park showed significant difference (p = 0.001 for PM10; p = 0.009 for heat level). The tree covers in Permaisuri Lake Garden are denser compared to Manjalara Lake Garden as Permaisuri Lake Garden was covered with high density of tree canopy compared to Manjalara Lake Garden which is made up of shrubs and grass. Also, for each type of UGS, nine sampling points were measured which were three sampling points from inside the UGS; three points for 50 meters away from UGS and another three sampling points for 100 meters away from UGS. For both type of parks, the study found that the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level of the inside of the UGS were lower on weekends compared to weekdays. Besides, the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between UGS and 50 meters away from the UGS showed no significant difference while the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between UGS and 100 meters away from the UGS showed significant difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that the climate mitigation in terms air quality and heat level of the urban environment are influenced by the coverage of green spaces.
The objective of the study was to estimate environmental impacts of the cities in Greater Kuala L... more The objective of the study was to estimate environmental impacts of the cities in Greater Kuala Lumpur; Kajang, Sepang, and Putrajaya by using Urban-scale Material Flow Analysis (USMFA). The study assessed prime material flow within three cities in Malaysia; electricity consumption, water usage, food consumption, carbon dioxide emission, wastewater production and solid waste. A functional unit of kg/cap/day was defined for all the material flows. Putrajaya was seen as the highest consumer of water, even with the lowest population. Kajang contributed the most of in terms of environmental impacts, followed by Sepang, and Putrajaya.
Urban metabolism studies highlight the consumption of input resources, the process within the sys... more Urban metabolism studies highlight the consumption of input resources, the process within the system together from the source, use phase and recycling of wastes. The aim of this study was to assess urban metabolism in three cities in Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur, Ampang Jaya and Selayang by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA). The data that was analysed included electricity inputs, water inputs, food (rice, eggs and sugar) inputs, carbon dioxide outputs, wastewater outputs and solid waste outputs. The national data were down-scaled to provide regional data where deemed necessary. The electricity consumption of 0.188 koe/cap/day in Klang Valley contributed to carbon dioxide of 0.455 kg/cap/day, while 95.32% of water consumption became wastewater. Consumption of 0.38 kg/cap/day of 'rice, eggs and sugar' contributed in the production of 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid wastes. The urban metabolism approach provides information on urban management at city level such as material cycling, energy efficiency and waste management and may also assist in decision making for future urban development planning as well as providing an informed and rapid assessment on the environmental performance of urban area.
Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas has become an indicator in global warming and climate chan... more Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas has become an indicator in global warming and climate change. Meanwhile, cities are a medium whereby the source of carbon dioxide is released due to the urbanization and transportation sector. This situation leads to unpredictable impact to the environmental, social and economic condition of the city. Kuala Lumpur is a capital city that experiences rapid growth and was chosen for input-output analysis while Bukit Bintang road and Tunku Abdul Rahman road were chosen for ambient air monitoring due to traffic congestion problems in the city centre. The ambient air quality monitoring was measured on Saturday, Sunday and Monday for 8 hours. The sampling started at 7.00 a.m until 3.00 p.m. with a 5-minute log interval. The study found that carbon dioxide emission from both roads in Kuala Lumpur contributed to 376 ppm of carbon dioxide showing that transportation was a massive source of greenhouse gas emission in the city. Meanwhile, the input-output ...
Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diver... more Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diverse urban systems. Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where their practicality and efficacy could be assessed. The aim of the thesis is to establish an environmental assessment tool based on urban metabolism approach to assist decision-making during environmental and economic assessment. The outcome provides understanding on the means of integrating carbon footprint and monetary factor to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general, or a household or an individual in particular, in relation to global warming potential. This study applied a retrospective cross sectional study to provide a form of environmental assessment in developing economic-environmental input-output model for greenhouse gases emission monitoring and climate change adaptation. Methodologically, the potential impact from economic sectors’ contribution on greenhouse gas emissions ...
Introduction : Sustainability means the maintenance of biodiversity to ensure the availability of... more Introduction : Sustainability means the maintenance of biodiversity to ensure the availability of resources in the future. Hence by understanding the requirement of a geographical area and its ecological and economical resource is an important requirement in the analysis and management of a sustainable city while considering climate change impacts. Objective : This ECONOMIC-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT tool evaluates the novelty in direct and indirect environmental impacts assessment tools associated with the consumption of goods and services in 120 economic sectors by household individuals living in Malaysia using environmentally extended input output (IO) analysis as a sustainable indicator tool. Methodology : The environmental impacts with climate change scenario will address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The underlying principle is to extend the Leontief matrix which is previously used for economic studies to cover environmental aspects. This methodology relies on the Malaysia economic input output table and on greenhouse gases emission intensity. The outcome of this method could be applied to other nations, municipalities or cities where local household expenditures data are not available. Results : This study identifies the sectors with the largest impacts to enable the risk managers to prioritise strategies in reducing the impacts towards sustainable consumption. The estimated total GHG emissions in 2005 for individuals amounted to 4.87 kg eq./CO2/day. The identified sectors that contributed most are energy for transportation, energy for residential consumption, energy industry and forest conversion. Conclusion : The improvement measures proposed for these identified sectors to effectively decrease directly the environmental impacts related with GHG emissions and to promote sustainable economy indirectly based on individual consumption patterns.
MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (Short Communication), 2021
The delivery of environmental health in Malaysia is still in the maturity progress. The collabora... more The delivery of environmental health in Malaysia is still in the maturity progress. The collaboration between stakeholders such as the government and the private sector is growing steadily. Through the process of maturing environmental health deliveries, some barriers need to be looked into. Some of the barriers such as information and communication, effective education, and solving methods among stakeholders can be solved if all agencies from the federal until the local council level work together strategically. In order to move forward in providing a comprehensive environmental health delivery, there are a few strategic ways to overcome the barriers such as enabling information and technology sharing among the stakeholders, producing quality decision-making processes that involved stakeholders active engagement, and participation in structured stakeholders' in operational guideline production that also involved not just government but also from private sectors. Lastly, for barriers to be broken, it just needs a few good strategies, cooperation, and determination. Over time, by having mutual understanding and overcoming the differences, one day Malaysia will succeed in providing a matured and comprehensive delivery of environmental health towards the community better than any developed country. Strategic collaboration within the Malaysian environmental health service can be executed as seen in the country's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic had forced the Ministry of Health to work together with various agencies within the government at both federal and state-level in an effective and efficient manner to curb the spread of the virus. The collaboration was proven to be a success story as Malaysia had become one of the countries that successfully managed to contain the virus, even better than developed countries such as the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Brazil. Malaysia has succeeded to handle COVID-19 and recognized as one of the leading countries in handling COVID-19 cases. If similar principles of collaboration during the handling of the COVID-19 virus being applied towards the environmental health service, Malaysia can stand tall amongst the countries that have environmental health services in an effective manner.
(Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (MJEH) - Short Communication: The Delivery of Environmental Health Services in Malaysia (March 2020)
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology , 2020
The effectiveness of urban green space (UGS) to sustain the urban environment in terms of air pol... more The effectiveness of urban green space (UGS) to sustain the urban environment in terms of air pollution and urban heat island mitigation is to be examined. Kuala Lumpur is a tropical city that experiences rapid growth and has a significant role in the economic growth of Malaysia. Two types of urban green space were selected: Permaisuri Lake Garden to represent 'large park' category and Manjalara Lake Garden for 'medium park' category. Particulate matter (PM10) was used as an air quality indicator meanwhile temperature was used as a heat level indicator to compare the climate change mitigation impact of the two types of urban green spaces. The PM10 and heat level data were calculated as the mean concentrations for four days at both UGS. The mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between large and medium park showed significant difference (p = 0.001 for PM10; p = 0.009 for heat level). The tree covers in Permaisuri Lake Garden are denser compared to Manjalara Lake Garden as Permaisuri Lake Garden was covered with high density of tree canopy compared to Manjalara Lake Garden which is made up of shrubs and grass. Also, for each type of UGS, nine sampling points were measured which were three sampling points from inside the UGS; three points for 50 meters away from UGS and another three sampling points for 100 meters away from UGS. For both type of parks, the study found that the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level of the inside of the UGS were lower on weekends compared to weekdays. Besides, the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between UGS and 50 meters away from the UGS showed no significant difference while the mean concentrations of PM10 and heat level between UGS and 100 meters away from the UGS showed significant difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that the climate mitigation in terms air quality and heat level of the urban environment are influenced by the coverage of green spaces.
The objective of the study was to estimate environmental impacts of the cities in Greater Kuala L... more The objective of the study was to estimate environmental impacts of the cities in Greater Kuala Lumpur; Kajang, Sepang, and Putrajaya by using Urban-scale Material Flow Analysis (USMFA). The study assessed prime material flow within three cities in Malaysia; electricity consumption, water usage, food consumption, carbon dioxide emission, wastewater production and solid waste. A functional unit of kg/cap/day was defined for all the material flows. Putrajaya was seen as the highest consumer of water, even with the lowest population. Kajang contributed the most of in terms of environmental impacts, followed by Sepang, and Putrajaya.
Urban metabolism studies highlight the consumption of input resources, the process within the sys... more Urban metabolism studies highlight the consumption of input resources, the process within the system together from the source, use phase and recycling of wastes. The aim of this study was to assess urban metabolism in three cities in Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur, Ampang Jaya and Selayang by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA). The data that was analysed included electricity inputs, water inputs, food (rice, eggs and sugar) inputs, carbon dioxide outputs, wastewater outputs and solid waste outputs. The national data were down-scaled to provide regional data where deemed necessary. The electricity consumption of 0.188 koe/cap/day in Klang Valley contributed to carbon dioxide of 0.455 kg/cap/day, while 95.32% of water consumption became wastewater. Consumption of 0.38 kg/cap/day of 'rice, eggs and sugar' contributed in the production of 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid wastes. The urban metabolism approach provides information on urban management at city level such as material cycling, energy efficiency and waste management and may also assist in decision making for future urban development planning as well as providing an informed and rapid assessment on the environmental performance of urban area.
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Papers by Farah Ayuni
Objective : This ECONOMIC-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT tool evaluates the novelty in direct and indirect environmental impacts assessment tools associated with the consumption of goods and services in 120 economic sectors by household individuals
living in Malaysia using environmentally extended input output (IO) analysis as a sustainable indicator tool.
Methodology : The environmental impacts with climate change scenario will address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The underlying principle is to extend the Leontief matrix which is previously used for economic studies to cover environmental aspects. This methodology relies on the Malaysia economic input output table and on greenhouse gases emission intensity. The outcome of this method could be applied to
other nations, municipalities or cities where local household expenditures data are not available.
Results : This study identifies the sectors with the largest impacts to enable the risk managers to prioritise strategies in reducing the impacts towards sustainable consumption. The estimated total GHG emissions in 2005 for individuals amounted to 4.87 kg eq./CO2/day. The identified sectors that contributed most are energy for transportation, energy for residential consumption, energy industry and forest conversion.
Conclusion : The improvement measures proposed for these identified sectors to effectively decrease directly the environmental impacts related with GHG emissions and to promote sustainable economy indirectly based on individual consumption patterns.
Keywords: environmental impacts, sustainable economy, greenhouse gases emission
(Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (MJEH) - Short Communication: The Delivery of Environmental Health Services in Malaysia (March 2020)
Objective : This ECONOMIC-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT tool evaluates the novelty in direct and indirect environmental impacts assessment tools associated with the consumption of goods and services in 120 economic sectors by household individuals
living in Malaysia using environmentally extended input output (IO) analysis as a sustainable indicator tool.
Methodology : The environmental impacts with climate change scenario will address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The underlying principle is to extend the Leontief matrix which is previously used for economic studies to cover environmental aspects. This methodology relies on the Malaysia economic input output table and on greenhouse gases emission intensity. The outcome of this method could be applied to
other nations, municipalities or cities where local household expenditures data are not available.
Results : This study identifies the sectors with the largest impacts to enable the risk managers to prioritise strategies in reducing the impacts towards sustainable consumption. The estimated total GHG emissions in 2005 for individuals amounted to 4.87 kg eq./CO2/day. The identified sectors that contributed most are energy for transportation, energy for residential consumption, energy industry and forest conversion.
Conclusion : The improvement measures proposed for these identified sectors to effectively decrease directly the environmental impacts related with GHG emissions and to promote sustainable economy indirectly based on individual consumption patterns.
Keywords: environmental impacts, sustainable economy, greenhouse gases emission
(Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): MAEH Journal of Environmental Health (MJEH) - Short Communication: The Delivery of Environmental Health Services in Malaysia (March 2020)