Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Jul 1, 2017
Water pollution is a global problem. During current study, ammonia, phosphate, phenol, and copper... more Water pollution is a global problem. During current study, ammonia, phosphate, phenol, and copper(II) were removed from aqueous solution by sub-surface and surface flow constructed wetland. In current investigation, distilled water was polluted with four contaminants including ammonia, phosphate, copper (Cu), and phenol. Response surface methodology and central composite design were applied to optimize pollutant removal during treatment by subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW). Contact time (12 to 80 h) and initial pollutant concentration (20 to 85 mg/ L) were selected as independent factors; some upper and lower ranges were also monitored for accuracy. In SSFCW, water hyacinth transplanted in two substrate layers, namely zeolite and cockle shell. SSFCW removed 87.7, 81.4, 74.7, and 54.9% of ammonia, phosphate , Cu, and phenol, respectively, at optimum contact time (64.5 h) and initial pollutant concentration (69.2 mg/L). Aqueous solution was moved to a surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) after treating via SSFCW at optimum conditions. In SFCW, Typha was transplanted to a fixed powdered substrate layer, including bentonite, zeolite, and cockle shell. SFCW could develop performance of this combined system and could improve elimination efficacy of the four contaminants to 99.99%. So this combined CW showed a good performance in removing pollutants.
Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates th... more Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by spinach. The plants were transplanted into pots that contain 7 kg of lead-contaminated soil. The response surface methodology and central composite design were used to clarify the nature of the response surface in the experimental plan and determine the optimum settings of the independent variables and their responses. The independent factors were the different concentrations of lead in the soil at 250, 500, and 750 mg/Kg. Each pot had 2, 4, and 6 spinach plants, and the growth periods were 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The results showed that spinach has good potential to act as a phytoremediator in lead-contaminated soil. Lead accumulated more in shoots than in roots. At the optimum conditions for the concentration of lead in soil (283.31 mg/Kg), the number of planted spinach in each pot (six plants), and the time when samples are taken (20.89 d), the removal efficiency of lead was 60.05%.
The work describes is primarily concerned with the fabrication and testing of flat sheet membrane... more The work describes is primarily concerned with the fabrication and testing of flat sheet membrane. The aim of this research is to investigate the morphology of flat sheet membrane that uses silica from sugarcane bagasse as an additive. Six flat sheet membranes were then fabricated by varying the dope formulation. Membrane surface and cross-section area were analyse by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis of SEM shows that the addition of silica from sugarcane bagasse changed the surface structure of the membrane especially at top layer and sub layer. The performance of flat sheet membrane were determine based on flux of pure water permeate, rejection sodium chloride solution and molecular weight cut off. The results indicate that the addition of 3% of silica give the best rejection and highest flux where successfully do rejection of 75.35 % and 42.65 L/m2hr water flux. The molecular weight cut off results shows that the membrane having solute rejection beyond 70% and categorized on their nominal molecular weight cut off.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Jul 1, 2017
Water pollution is a global problem. During current study, ammonia, phosphate, phenol, and copper... more Water pollution is a global problem. During current study, ammonia, phosphate, phenol, and copper(II) were removed from aqueous solution by sub-surface and surface flow constructed wetland. In current investigation, distilled water was polluted with four contaminants including ammonia, phosphate, copper (Cu), and phenol. Response surface methodology and central composite design were applied to optimize pollutant removal during treatment by subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW). Contact time (12 to 80 h) and initial pollutant concentration (20 to 85 mg/ L) were selected as independent factors; some upper and lower ranges were also monitored for accuracy. In SSFCW, water hyacinth transplanted in two substrate layers, namely zeolite and cockle shell. SSFCW removed 87.7, 81.4, 74.7, and 54.9% of ammonia, phosphate , Cu, and phenol, respectively, at optimum contact time (64.5 h) and initial pollutant concentration (69.2 mg/L). Aqueous solution was moved to a surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) after treating via SSFCW at optimum conditions. In SFCW, Typha was transplanted to a fixed powdered substrate layer, including bentonite, zeolite, and cockle shell. SFCW could develop performance of this combined system and could improve elimination efficacy of the four contaminants to 99.99%. So this combined CW showed a good performance in removing pollutants.
Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates th... more Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by spinach. The plants were transplanted into pots that contain 7 kg of lead-contaminated soil. The response surface methodology and central composite design were used to clarify the nature of the response surface in the experimental plan and determine the optimum settings of the independent variables and their responses. The independent factors were the different concentrations of lead in the soil at 250, 500, and 750 mg/Kg. Each pot had 2, 4, and 6 spinach plants, and the growth periods were 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The results showed that spinach has good potential to act as a phytoremediator in lead-contaminated soil. Lead accumulated more in shoots than in roots. At the optimum conditions for the concentration of lead in soil (283.31 mg/Kg), the number of planted spinach in each pot (six plants), and the time when samples are taken (20.89 d), the removal efficiency of lead was 60.05%.
The work describes is primarily concerned with the fabrication and testing of flat sheet membrane... more The work describes is primarily concerned with the fabrication and testing of flat sheet membrane. The aim of this research is to investigate the morphology of flat sheet membrane that uses silica from sugarcane bagasse as an additive. Six flat sheet membranes were then fabricated by varying the dope formulation. Membrane surface and cross-section area were analyse by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis of SEM shows that the addition of silica from sugarcane bagasse changed the surface structure of the membrane especially at top layer and sub layer. The performance of flat sheet membrane were determine based on flux of pure water permeate, rejection sodium chloride solution and molecular weight cut off. The results indicate that the addition of 3% of silica give the best rejection and highest flux where successfully do rejection of 75.35 % and 42.65 L/m2hr water flux. The molecular weight cut off results shows that the membrane having solute rejection beyond 70% and categorized on their nominal molecular weight cut off.
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