This study examines the design elements of corporate brand characters or also called mascots of t... more This study examines the design elements of corporate brand characters or also called mascots of two prominent Malaysian financial institutions, Maybank and CIMB Bank. Generally mascots have been introduced in many organizations as representative. The presence of mascots can also be seen in the Malaysian banking sector. Hence three questions are posed; What forms does the bank mascots take?; How the bank mascots communicate corporate philosophy to consumer?; What meaning do the bank mascots convey? The findings of the study show that the sampled bank mascots display anthropomorphic features, which takes the form of human and animal. This characteristic can be specifically referred to another term called Zoomorphic. In addition to that, the mascots also display unique qualities that reflect company's identity and philosophy. In regards to meaning, it is noticed that the bank mascots suggest emotional expression that Malaysian consumers can easily relate to. We conclude that the two Malaysian bank mascots sampled in this study possess anthropomorphic characteristic which are important for marketing purpose and have the capabilities to represent the corporate banks and capture the attention of Malaysian consumers.
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods ava... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods available to learn via the internet, one of which is by watching educational videos from online streaming sites such as YouTube. With the increasing availability of instructional animations on the internet, it can be beneficial to know how well-received instructional animations are designed. Hence, this explorative article focuses on a hybrid of directed and interpretive content analysis study of explicit design characteristics and visual representations of these animations. Animation samples for the study were selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criteria. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations were analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterization system of expository animation. Based on this approach, common characteristics and unique approache...
International Colloquium of Art and Design Education Research (i-CADER 2014), 2015
This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of health campaign posters toward o... more This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of health campaign posters toward obesity. The Malaysian government through its agency Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia has aggressively campaigned awareness regarding health issues through poster design. According to literature review, this medium of campaigning, which started a decade ago, places an emphasis on critical illnesses such as dengue fever, cancer, heart disease, and smoking. Despite this, based on the preliminary survey results, it is observable that there is no specific campaign that focuses on childhood obesity. Previous posters were all focused on obesity as a common problem. In this study, an exploratory study had been applied. A survey was carried out among young parents in Selangor. The findings show that 60.8 % of the respondents are not familiar with previous obesity campaigns [1, 2]. This can be concluded that educating the parents on a healthy lifestyle can prevent childhood obesity through posters in Malaysia and is an important and early preventive measure to take and should not be overlooked. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist the related government bodies and departments regarding the need for a communicable poster design in creating awareness about childhood obesity for the Malaysian public.
2014 International Conference on Virtual Systems & Multimedia (VSMM), 2014
This paper is focused on creating an efficient workflow process for high dynamic range spherical ... more This paper is focused on creating an efficient workflow process for high dynamic range spherical panoramas for preserving heritage sites taking the Tempurung Cave as a working model. Although there are several methods for producing HDR spherical panorama, higher-resolution images impose new problems in handling and creating such large size detailed output. Furthermore, high-resolution detail photographic documentation is essential for preservation purposes, as it will serve as a reference for interested parties. With today's technology, achieving higher resolution images is not entirely impossible however, an efficient workflow process is needed to ensure quality output especially when involve combination of multiple techniques. The hundred million years old cave is one of the largest limestone caves in Peninsular Malaysia. The tunnel cave runs down through two hills, covering a distance of two kilometers deep made up of five large domes previewing a magnificent display of stalagmites and stalactites. While the naturally form heritage was kept safe before, the increasing number of tourists and visitors today saw constructions built within the caverns such as the walkway and electric lighting for viewer's better sightings. The heritage is very well known and protected; the digitization of the cave is an effort to keep a digital copy of such natural heritage not only for visitors to experience but also for interested parties to study the formations and habitat within through detailed documentation of the site. High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography is adapted into a user-navigable spherical virtual environment as a method to reveal details hidden within dark areas while the interactive panorama is a way to let the viewer be immersed into the environment seeing as if on site. Exploration in this technique will show the possibilities of HDR to display beyond what can actually be seen with human eyes. The immersive visual experience is enhanced with detailed luminance between the lightest and darkest areas. Todays capture devices, which can capture in high number of pixels while enhancing details and quality of images does impose some issues in the workflow of HDR spherical panorama. The very large file size of each image that needs more computing resources lead to a search for a more efficient workflow process. This paper outlines an efficient workable process method of creating a HDR gigapixels spherical panorama using the Tempurung Cave in Ipoh, Malaysia as a case study.
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are u... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are using various technological devices to learn via the internet. One of the common ways of online learning is by watching videos from streaming sites such as YouTube. Some educational videos that are available online are presented in a form of instructional or expository animations. With the rise of instructional animations use for learning, it is essential to identify design characteristics of such animations. Hence, this paper focuses on the visual hermeneutic study of design characteristics of instructional and expository animations available on online streaming sites. Animation samples of the study are selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criterions. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations will be analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterisati...
In addition to promoting products and services, communication media, especially TV commercials or... more In addition to promoting products and services, communication media, especially TV commercials or advertising, play an important role in the process of nation building. In fact, advertising, together with dramas and films, function as a catalyst to help develop and strengthen national unity of nations by conveying messages or narratives that highlight the importance of respecting and embracing the diverse cultures in Malaysia. Against this backdrop, the aim of this preliminary study is to examine the impact of solidarity-themed advertising of Petronas, (Malaysia's renowned oil and gas corporate entity) published in the mainstream media, on public's perception of social unity. The research method of this study consisted of a preliminary evaluation and an interview. The preliminary evaluation helped review relevant scenes and visuals from several advertisements, while the interview involving selected individuals helped determine the psychological impact of such media on them based on their personal background and level of knowledge. In addition, this study helped highlight the important visual attributes of communication media, notably TV commercials, in influencing local audience in accepting and embracing the cultural differences in Malaysia's diverse social landscape, which can help cement a strong bond among Malaysians of various socio-cultural backgrounds.
2nd International Conference of Creative Media, Design & Technology (REKA2016)
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are u... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are using various technological devices to learn via the internet. One of the common ways of online learning is by watching videos from streaming sites such as YouTube. Some educational videos that are available online are presented in a form of instructional or expository animations. With the rise of instructional animations use for learning, it is essential to identify design characteristics of such animations. Hence, this paper focuses on the visual hermeneutic study of design characteristics of instructional and expository animations available on online streaming sites. Animation samples of the study are selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criterions. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations will be analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterization system of expository animation. Based on these analyses, there are commons characteristics and uniquely different approaches to creating successful online instructional and expository animations. By being able to identify and aware of these characteristics, educators and animation designers can improve the quality of visual content and instructional design to cater to their teaching and learning needs. ISBN: 978-967-13104-1-0
The justification of this exploratory study is to get a better understanding on current situation... more The justification of this exploratory study is to get a better understanding on current situation of the Malaysian youth perception toward ‘Muslim Pro’ apps through their smartphones. Moreover, most of previous studies focused on the categories and types of mobile applications but not specific on the consumers’ perception (Heidi, 2014) Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the users perception, use and usefulness of the mobile app that give a certain impact toward improving their practice toward basic Islamic principle as Muslim in Malaysia. Additionally, the user’s perception as Muslim through this religion application had been examined through online survey by using The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as variable to measure. As conclusion, this information is beneficial for academics for the development of future research in the field as to improved future propose mobile application toward our Muslim society in Malaysia.
Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learni... more Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learning is still lacking. Recent studies show that animation is effective in learning procedural tasks. Instructional animation is a form of animation designed to educate viewers. The purpose of this paper is to lay out a conceptual design framework for studies of the instructional animation design for psychomotor learning. Three theoretical approaches are considered in constructing the conceptual framework: (1) Learning Theories; (2) Instructional Video Design; and (3) Virtual Human Representation. Together, these theoretical fields complement one another and explain different viewpoints on this complex subject. Relating to earlier studies on types of visual representation may elucidate the ways in which animation can be applied for motor skill acquisition.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) represents about 85% of the Malaysian economic establishment b... more Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) represents about 85% of the Malaysian economic establishment besides contribute 32% to the nation economic growth and is expected to be the private sector-led which requires more involvement from this sector. The Malaysian government have outlined the plan for SMEs as to achieve as a high-income economy in 2020. However, there have been a few challenges faced by the Malaysian SMEs. Their products are facing difficulties in penetrating into the local market itself besides having to compete with other established products from abroad, due to weak design features in packaging. This was resultant because consumers are well educated and very conscious about their food consumption and weighs in heavily onto their product preferences. These consumers will scrutinize the labels to seek detailed information regarding ingredients and nutritional contents prior to purchasing. In this context, the visual information displayed on the packaging plays an important role as product appearance provides a first impression of the product and persuasion to buy. What are the consumers’ perception towards Malaysia’s SMEs product appearance? This investigation may benefit the SMEs entrepreneur to understand the strength of brand design value and visual elements in the packaging of a product plus to the designers in creating communicable design by way of the consumer’s visual desires.
Abstract—This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of the Health Campaign pos... more Abstract—This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of the Health Campaign posters towards obesity. The Malaysian government through its agency Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia has aggressively campaigned awareness regarding health issues through poster design. According to literature review; this medium of campaigning which started a decade ago, places an emphasis on critical illnesses such as dengue fever, cancer, heart disease and smoking. Despite this , based on the preliminary survey results , it is observable that there is no specific campaign that focuses on childhood obesity. Previous posters were all focused on obesity as a common problem. In this study, an exploratory study had been applied. A survey was carried out among young parents in Selangor. The findings show that 60.8% of the respondents are not familiar with previous obesity campaigns. This can be concluded that educating the parents on a healthy lifestyle can prevent childhood obesity through posters in Malaysia is an important and early preventive measure to take and should not be overlooked. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist the related Government bodies and departments regarding the need for a communicable poster design in creating awareness about childhood obesity for the Malaysian public.
1st International Conference on Design & Innovation UniMAS Kuching Sarawak Malaysia, Nov 7, 2012
Typography is one of the magical things that people use on a daily basis. Any approach can be use... more Typography is one of the magical things that people use on a daily basis. Any approach can be used to create a typeface including hand rendering, computer code or program generation. Based on ‘Text and Image’ by Mark Wigan (2008), letterforms can be manipulated in many different ways depending on the mood or context to be conveyed. Besides that, different classes of typefaces (fonts) have different innate levels of readability and legibility when using typography manipulation. This paper aims to identify the most suitable ways to apply manipulation in print advertising. The objectives are to analyze the important of typography manipulation, to investigate the awareness of public about typography manipulation effectiveness and identify the elements that brings about visual impact.
This study examines the design elements of corporate brand characters or also called mascots of t... more This study examines the design elements of corporate brand characters or also called mascots of two prominent Malaysian financial institutions, Maybank and CIMB Bank. Generally mascots have been introduced in many organizations as representative. The presence of mascots can also be seen in the Malaysian banking sector. Hence three questions are posed; What forms does the bank mascots take?; How the bank mascots communicate corporate philosophy to consumer?; What meaning do the bank mascots convey? The findings of the study show that the sampled bank mascots display anthropomorphic features, which takes the form of human and animal. This characteristic can be specifically referred to another term called Zoomorphic. In addition to that, the mascots also display unique qualities that reflect company's identity and philosophy. In regards to meaning, it is noticed that the bank mascots suggest emotional expression that Malaysian consumers can easily relate to. We conclude that the two Malaysian bank mascots sampled in this study possess anthropomorphic characteristic which are important for marketing purpose and have the capabilities to represent the corporate banks and capture the attention of Malaysian consumers.
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods ava... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods available to learn via the internet, one of which is by watching educational videos from online streaming sites such as YouTube. With the increasing availability of instructional animations on the internet, it can be beneficial to know how well-received instructional animations are designed. Hence, this explorative article focuses on a hybrid of directed and interpretive content analysis study of explicit design characteristics and visual representations of these animations. Animation samples for the study were selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criteria. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations were analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterization system of expository animation. Based on this approach, common characteristics and unique approache...
International Colloquium of Art and Design Education Research (i-CADER 2014), 2015
This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of health campaign posters toward o... more This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of health campaign posters toward obesity. The Malaysian government through its agency Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia has aggressively campaigned awareness regarding health issues through poster design. According to literature review, this medium of campaigning, which started a decade ago, places an emphasis on critical illnesses such as dengue fever, cancer, heart disease, and smoking. Despite this, based on the preliminary survey results, it is observable that there is no specific campaign that focuses on childhood obesity. Previous posters were all focused on obesity as a common problem. In this study, an exploratory study had been applied. A survey was carried out among young parents in Selangor. The findings show that 60.8 % of the respondents are not familiar with previous obesity campaigns [1, 2]. This can be concluded that educating the parents on a healthy lifestyle can prevent childhood obesity through posters in Malaysia and is an important and early preventive measure to take and should not be overlooked. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist the related government bodies and departments regarding the need for a communicable poster design in creating awareness about childhood obesity for the Malaysian public.
2014 International Conference on Virtual Systems & Multimedia (VSMM), 2014
This paper is focused on creating an efficient workflow process for high dynamic range spherical ... more This paper is focused on creating an efficient workflow process for high dynamic range spherical panoramas for preserving heritage sites taking the Tempurung Cave as a working model. Although there are several methods for producing HDR spherical panorama, higher-resolution images impose new problems in handling and creating such large size detailed output. Furthermore, high-resolution detail photographic documentation is essential for preservation purposes, as it will serve as a reference for interested parties. With today's technology, achieving higher resolution images is not entirely impossible however, an efficient workflow process is needed to ensure quality output especially when involve combination of multiple techniques. The hundred million years old cave is one of the largest limestone caves in Peninsular Malaysia. The tunnel cave runs down through two hills, covering a distance of two kilometers deep made up of five large domes previewing a magnificent display of stalagmites and stalactites. While the naturally form heritage was kept safe before, the increasing number of tourists and visitors today saw constructions built within the caverns such as the walkway and electric lighting for viewer's better sightings. The heritage is very well known and protected; the digitization of the cave is an effort to keep a digital copy of such natural heritage not only for visitors to experience but also for interested parties to study the formations and habitat within through detailed documentation of the site. High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography is adapted into a user-navigable spherical virtual environment as a method to reveal details hidden within dark areas while the interactive panorama is a way to let the viewer be immersed into the environment seeing as if on site. Exploration in this technique will show the possibilities of HDR to display beyond what can actually be seen with human eyes. The immersive visual experience is enhanced with detailed luminance between the lightest and darkest areas. Todays capture devices, which can capture in high number of pixels while enhancing details and quality of images does impose some issues in the workflow of HDR spherical panorama. The very large file size of each image that needs more computing resources lead to a search for a more efficient workflow process. This paper outlines an efficient workable process method of creating a HDR gigapixels spherical panorama using the Tempurung Cave in Ipoh, Malaysia as a case study.
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are u... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are using various technological devices to learn via the internet. One of the common ways of online learning is by watching videos from streaming sites such as YouTube. Some educational videos that are available online are presented in a form of instructional or expository animations. With the rise of instructional animations use for learning, it is essential to identify design characteristics of such animations. Hence, this paper focuses on the visual hermeneutic study of design characteristics of instructional and expository animations available on online streaming sites. Animation samples of the study are selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criterions. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations will be analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterisati...
In addition to promoting products and services, communication media, especially TV commercials or... more In addition to promoting products and services, communication media, especially TV commercials or advertising, play an important role in the process of nation building. In fact, advertising, together with dramas and films, function as a catalyst to help develop and strengthen national unity of nations by conveying messages or narratives that highlight the importance of respecting and embracing the diverse cultures in Malaysia. Against this backdrop, the aim of this preliminary study is to examine the impact of solidarity-themed advertising of Petronas, (Malaysia's renowned oil and gas corporate entity) published in the mainstream media, on public's perception of social unity. The research method of this study consisted of a preliminary evaluation and an interview. The preliminary evaluation helped review relevant scenes and visuals from several advertisements, while the interview involving selected individuals helped determine the psychological impact of such media on them based on their personal background and level of knowledge. In addition, this study helped highlight the important visual attributes of communication media, notably TV commercials, in influencing local audience in accepting and embracing the cultural differences in Malaysia's diverse social landscape, which can help cement a strong bond among Malaysians of various socio-cultural backgrounds.
2nd International Conference of Creative Media, Design & Technology (REKA2016)
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are u... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years. At the same time, learners are using various technological devices to learn via the internet. One of the common ways of online learning is by watching videos from streaming sites such as YouTube. Some educational videos that are available online are presented in a form of instructional or expository animations. With the rise of instructional animations use for learning, it is essential to identify design characteristics of such animations. Hence, this paper focuses on the visual hermeneutic study of design characteristics of instructional and expository animations available on online streaming sites. Animation samples of the study are selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criterions. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations will be analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterization system of expository animation. Based on these analyses, there are commons characteristics and uniquely different approaches to creating successful online instructional and expository animations. By being able to identify and aware of these characteristics, educators and animation designers can improve the quality of visual content and instructional design to cater to their teaching and learning needs. ISBN: 978-967-13104-1-0
The justification of this exploratory study is to get a better understanding on current situation... more The justification of this exploratory study is to get a better understanding on current situation of the Malaysian youth perception toward ‘Muslim Pro’ apps through their smartphones. Moreover, most of previous studies focused on the categories and types of mobile applications but not specific on the consumers’ perception (Heidi, 2014) Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the users perception, use and usefulness of the mobile app that give a certain impact toward improving their practice toward basic Islamic principle as Muslim in Malaysia. Additionally, the user’s perception as Muslim through this religion application had been examined through online survey by using The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as variable to measure. As conclusion, this information is beneficial for academics for the development of future research in the field as to improved future propose mobile application toward our Muslim society in Malaysia.
Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learni... more Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learning is still lacking. Recent studies show that animation is effective in learning procedural tasks. Instructional animation is a form of animation designed to educate viewers. The purpose of this paper is to lay out a conceptual design framework for studies of the instructional animation design for psychomotor learning. Three theoretical approaches are considered in constructing the conceptual framework: (1) Learning Theories; (2) Instructional Video Design; and (3) Virtual Human Representation. Together, these theoretical fields complement one another and explain different viewpoints on this complex subject. Relating to earlier studies on types of visual representation may elucidate the ways in which animation can be applied for motor skill acquisition.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) represents about 85% of the Malaysian economic establishment b... more Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) represents about 85% of the Malaysian economic establishment besides contribute 32% to the nation economic growth and is expected to be the private sector-led which requires more involvement from this sector. The Malaysian government have outlined the plan for SMEs as to achieve as a high-income economy in 2020. However, there have been a few challenges faced by the Malaysian SMEs. Their products are facing difficulties in penetrating into the local market itself besides having to compete with other established products from abroad, due to weak design features in packaging. This was resultant because consumers are well educated and very conscious about their food consumption and weighs in heavily onto their product preferences. These consumers will scrutinize the labels to seek detailed information regarding ingredients and nutritional contents prior to purchasing. In this context, the visual information displayed on the packaging plays an important role as product appearance provides a first impression of the product and persuasion to buy. What are the consumers’ perception towards Malaysia’s SMEs product appearance? This investigation may benefit the SMEs entrepreneur to understand the strength of brand design value and visual elements in the packaging of a product plus to the designers in creating communicable design by way of the consumer’s visual desires.
Abstract—This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of the Health Campaign pos... more Abstract—This research aims to investigate and set design improvements of the Health Campaign posters towards obesity. The Malaysian government through its agency Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia has aggressively campaigned awareness regarding health issues through poster design. According to literature review; this medium of campaigning which started a decade ago, places an emphasis on critical illnesses such as dengue fever, cancer, heart disease and smoking. Despite this , based on the preliminary survey results , it is observable that there is no specific campaign that focuses on childhood obesity. Previous posters were all focused on obesity as a common problem. In this study, an exploratory study had been applied. A survey was carried out among young parents in Selangor. The findings show that 60.8% of the respondents are not familiar with previous obesity campaigns. This can be concluded that educating the parents on a healthy lifestyle can prevent childhood obesity through posters in Malaysia is an important and early preventive measure to take and should not be overlooked. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist the related Government bodies and departments regarding the need for a communicable poster design in creating awareness about childhood obesity for the Malaysian public.
1st International Conference on Design & Innovation UniMAS Kuching Sarawak Malaysia, Nov 7, 2012
Typography is one of the magical things that people use on a daily basis. Any approach can be use... more Typography is one of the magical things that people use on a daily basis. Any approach can be used to create a typeface including hand rendering, computer code or program generation. Based on ‘Text and Image’ by Mark Wigan (2008), letterforms can be manipulated in many different ways depending on the mood or context to be conveyed. Besides that, different classes of typefaces (fonts) have different innate levels of readability and legibility when using typography manipulation. This paper aims to identify the most suitable ways to apply manipulation in print advertising. The objectives are to analyze the important of typography manipulation, to investigate the awareness of public about typography manipulation effectiveness and identify the elements that brings about visual impact.
CSEDU 2015 - 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, Proceedings
Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learni... more Research on the effectiveness of animated virtual human representation towards psychomotor learning is still lacking. Recent studies show that animation is effective in learning procedural tasks. Instructional animation is a form of animation designed to educate viewers. The purpose of this paper is to lay out a conceptual design framework for studies of the instructional animation design for psychomotor learning. Three theoretical approaches are considered in constructing the conceptual framework: (1) Learning Theories; (2) Instructional Video Design; and (3) Virtual Human Representation. Together, these theoretical fields complement one another and explain different viewpoints on this complex subject. Relating to earlier studies on types of visual representation may elucidate the ways in which animation can be applied for motor skill acquisition.
Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods ava... more Online learning is becoming more prevalent throughout the years and there are various methods available to learn via the internet, one of which is by watching educational videos from online streaming sites such as YouTube. With the increasing availability of instructional animations on the internet, it can be beneficial to know how well-received instructional animations are designed. Hence, this explorative article focuses on a hybrid of directed and interpretive content analysis study of explicit design characteristics and visual representations of these animations. Animation samples for the study were selected from established educational animation content creators on YouTube using several criteria. Aspects such as design characteristics and visual representations were analysed and discussed in relation to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning principles and a characterization system of expository animation. Based on this approach, common characteristics and unique approaches to creating well-received instructional animations for online viewing are found. Thus, by being able to identify and being aware of these salient design characteristics (i.e. visual representations, sound and visual cues), educators and animation designers can incorporate them in their own instructional animations.
ISBN 978-967-11565-5-1
The connection that emphasis on a
shift from art practice focused on
fina... more ISBN 978-967-11565-5-1 The connection that emphasis on a shift from art practice focused on final products to process directed towards an experimental, studiobased environment, exploring novel forms of knowledge and personal experience.
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Papers by Russlan Rahim
The connection that emphasis on a
shift from art practice focused on
final products to process directed
towards an experimental, studiobased
environment, exploring
novel forms of knowledge and
personal experience.