Piotr Łubiński – lawyer; senior lecturer, humanitarian law, international criminal law, human rights, international public law. Holds double Phd (Jagiellonian University 2012) and (Aberystwyth University 2016) Currently working at the Institute of Security Science, Pedagogical University. Visiting lecturer at the Academy of National Defence in Warsaw, Special Operation Forces HQ in Kraków and many more. He also lectures at Polish Red Cross various courses.
Review of International, European and Comparative Law (PWPM), 2022
The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces... more The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces and the Syrian government and non-state actors within the Syrian territory, including the Kurdish rebel forces. The scope of the article covers the Turkish military operations conducted from 2016 to 2020.
Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified.
Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki przestrzegania praw człowieka na morzu podczas op... more Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki przestrzegania praw człowieka na morzu podczas operacji zwalczania piractwa i rozboju wobec statków. Analiza prowadzona była na przykładzie sytuacji panującej na obszarze Zatoki Adeńskiej oraz piractwa somalijskiego. Autorzy dokonali analizy międzynarodowych regulacji prawnych z zakresu prawa morza i praw człowieka ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przestrzegania i ochrony praw człowieka w zależności od obszaru morskiego (morza terytorialnego, strefy przyległej oraz morza pełnego), na którym dochodzi do ich naruszania. Tematyka przestrzegania praw człowieka w kontekście obszarów morskich nie była jak dotąd przedmiotem publikacji naukowych w języku polskim, a w związku z jej szczególnym znaczeniem społecznym i prawnym (m.in. w świetle kryzysu migracyjnego w basenie Morza Śródziemnego) konieczne staje się jej zaprezentowanie. W podsumowaniu autorzy wskazują, że regulacje dotyczące piractwa oraz aktów rozboju wobec statków mają charakter jedy...
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Autho... more Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law. Słowa kluczowe: Prawa człowieka, prawo humanitarne, ataki samobójcze, islam
Ksiązka niniejsza powstala przy wsparciu finansowym Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Eduka... more Ksiązka niniejsza powstala przy wsparciu finansowym Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie.
T he aim o f this paper is to provide som e basic inform ation about the newly established W ar C... more T he aim o f this paper is to provide som e basic inform ation about the newly established W ar Crim es C ham ber in Bosnia. This C ourt is a kind of a hybrid betw een a mixed international tribunal and a domestic non-international judi cial system. It is located in Sarajevo and is designed to prosecute major crimes com m itted on the territory o f the R epublic o f Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1992-1995 conflict. A lthough it belongs to a domestic Bosnian judicial system it is internationalized by the participation of international judges and prosecutors. This m echanism has been used for the first time. In the future, this C ourt is supposed to adjudicate cases from the IC TY (International Crimi nal T ribunal fo r the F o rm er Yugoslavia) since the ICTY announce to finish its activity by the end o f 2008, and to com plete all w ork to 20101. T his m echanism o f a sem i-in te rna tiona lized tribunal may prove that it is an efficient legal in s tru m en t having a signifi...
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem. vol. 13, no. 1, 2021, pp. 236-250., Mar 2021
The aim of the article is to offer an insight into the problem of observance of human rights at s... more The aim of the article is to offer an insight into the problem of observance of human rights at sea in situations of fighting piracy and armed robbery against vessels. The analysis has been conducted using the example of the situation in the Gulf of Aden and piracy off the coast of Somalia. The authors have analysed international legal regulations in the field of the law of the sea and human rights, with particular consideration of the observance and protection of human rights depending on the maritime zone (territorial sea, contiguous zone, and high sea) where these rights are violated. The subject matter of the observance of human rights in the context of maritime areas has not been so far a matter addressed in Polish-language scientific publications. Yet, given its special social and legal significance (e.g. in the light of the migration crisis in the Mediterranean Sea basin), it seems necessary to bring it to attention. In the conclusions, the authors argue that the adopted regulations affecting piracy and acts of armed robbery against vessels provide only a framework and that it is crucial to establish specific procedures to deal with pirates at an international level (considering the international standards of protection of human rights).
Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do serii opracowań dotyczących militarnych działań Turcji w Syrii.
... more Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do serii opracowań dotyczących militarnych działań Turcji w Syrii. Autorzy prezentują uczestników działań wojennych od 2016 do 2020 na północy Syrii. W szczególności dokonują opisu sił pro i anty tureckich działających na terenie Syrii.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia de Securitate , 2018
"The right to life and suicide attacks in Islam and international law"
Article deals with issue ... more "The right to life and suicide attacks in Islam and international law"
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law.
INTRODUCTION -The aim of this paper is to provide some basic information about the War Crimes Ch... more INTRODUCTION -The aim of this paper is to provide some basic information about the War Crimes Chamber in Bosnia. This Court is a kind of a hybrid between a mixed international tribunal and a domestic non-international judicial system.
Review of International, European and Comparative Law (PWPM), 2022
The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces... more The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces and the Syrian government and non-state actors within the Syrian territory, including the Kurdish rebel forces. The scope of the article covers the Turkish military operations conducted from 2016 to 2020.
Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified.
Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki przestrzegania praw człowieka na morzu podczas op... more Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki przestrzegania praw człowieka na morzu podczas operacji zwalczania piractwa i rozboju wobec statków. Analiza prowadzona była na przykładzie sytuacji panującej na obszarze Zatoki Adeńskiej oraz piractwa somalijskiego. Autorzy dokonali analizy międzynarodowych regulacji prawnych z zakresu prawa morza i praw człowieka ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przestrzegania i ochrony praw człowieka w zależności od obszaru morskiego (morza terytorialnego, strefy przyległej oraz morza pełnego), na którym dochodzi do ich naruszania. Tematyka przestrzegania praw człowieka w kontekście obszarów morskich nie była jak dotąd przedmiotem publikacji naukowych w języku polskim, a w związku z jej szczególnym znaczeniem społecznym i prawnym (m.in. w świetle kryzysu migracyjnego w basenie Morza Śródziemnego) konieczne staje się jej zaprezentowanie. W podsumowaniu autorzy wskazują, że regulacje dotyczące piractwa oraz aktów rozboju wobec statków mają charakter jedy...
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Autho... more Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law. Słowa kluczowe: Prawa człowieka, prawo humanitarne, ataki samobójcze, islam
Ksiązka niniejsza powstala przy wsparciu finansowym Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Eduka... more Ksiązka niniejsza powstala przy wsparciu finansowym Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie.
T he aim o f this paper is to provide som e basic inform ation about the newly established W ar C... more T he aim o f this paper is to provide som e basic inform ation about the newly established W ar Crim es C ham ber in Bosnia. This C ourt is a kind of a hybrid betw een a mixed international tribunal and a domestic non-international judi cial system. It is located in Sarajevo and is designed to prosecute major crimes com m itted on the territory o f the R epublic o f Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1992-1995 conflict. A lthough it belongs to a domestic Bosnian judicial system it is internationalized by the participation of international judges and prosecutors. This m echanism has been used for the first time. In the future, this C ourt is supposed to adjudicate cases from the IC TY (International Crimi nal T ribunal fo r the F o rm er Yugoslavia) since the ICTY announce to finish its activity by the end o f 2008, and to com plete all w ork to 20101. T his m echanism o f a sem i-in te rna tiona lized tribunal may prove that it is an efficient legal in s tru m en t having a signifi...
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem. vol. 13, no. 1, 2021, pp. 236-250., Mar 2021
The aim of the article is to offer an insight into the problem of observance of human rights at s... more The aim of the article is to offer an insight into the problem of observance of human rights at sea in situations of fighting piracy and armed robbery against vessels. The analysis has been conducted using the example of the situation in the Gulf of Aden and piracy off the coast of Somalia. The authors have analysed international legal regulations in the field of the law of the sea and human rights, with particular consideration of the observance and protection of human rights depending on the maritime zone (territorial sea, contiguous zone, and high sea) where these rights are violated. The subject matter of the observance of human rights in the context of maritime areas has not been so far a matter addressed in Polish-language scientific publications. Yet, given its special social and legal significance (e.g. in the light of the migration crisis in the Mediterranean Sea basin), it seems necessary to bring it to attention. In the conclusions, the authors argue that the adopted regulations affecting piracy and acts of armed robbery against vessels provide only a framework and that it is crucial to establish specific procedures to deal with pirates at an international level (considering the international standards of protection of human rights).
Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do serii opracowań dotyczących militarnych działań Turcji w Syrii.
... more Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do serii opracowań dotyczących militarnych działań Turcji w Syrii. Autorzy prezentują uczestników działań wojennych od 2016 do 2020 na północy Syrii. W szczególności dokonują opisu sił pro i anty tureckich działających na terenie Syrii.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia de Securitate , 2018
"The right to life and suicide attacks in Islam and international law"
Article deals with issue ... more "The right to life and suicide attacks in Islam and international law"
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law.
INTRODUCTION -The aim of this paper is to provide some basic information about the War Crimes Ch... more INTRODUCTION -The aim of this paper is to provide some basic information about the War Crimes Chamber in Bosnia. This Court is a kind of a hybrid between a mixed international tribunal and a domestic non-international judicial system.
This book presents a review of historical and emerging legal issues that concern the interpretati... more This book presents a review of historical and emerging legal issues that concern the interpretation of the international crime of genocide.
The Polish legal expert Raphael Lemkin formulated the concept of genocide during the Nazi occupation of Europe, and it was then incorporated into the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This volume looks at the issues that are raised both by the existing international law definition of genocide and by the possible developments that continue to emerge under international criminal law. The authors consider how the concept of genocide might be used in different contexts, and see whether the definition in the 1948 convention may need some revision, also in the light of the original ideas that were expressed by Lemkin. The book focuses on specific themes that allow the reader to understand some of the problems related to the legal definition of genocide, in the context of historical and recent developments.
As a valuable contribution to the debate on the significance, meaning and application of the crime of genocide the book will be essential reading for students and academics working in the areas of Legal History, International Criminal Law, Human Rights, and Genocide Studies.
The Concept of Genocide in International Criminal Law Developments after Lemkin, 2020
This chapter addresses the issue of incitement to genocide in the realm of social media. It analy... more This chapter addresses the issue of incitement to genocide in the realm of social media. It analyses the regulations on hate speech and tries to frame them within the debate on genocide, with special focus on the notion of incitement to genocide in social media. The first part of the study examines the legal framework of incitement by examining the relevant judgments and literature on genocide. The second part focuses on ISIS activities in social media, especially those orchestrated against the Yazidi community. The conclusions include a discussion of the relevant legal implications for actions executed on the territory of the European Convention on Human Rights countries. In examining the theoretical basis for speech acts as an incitement to genocide in social media, this chapter compares an equivalent form of incitement for other types of media outlets, such as radio or television. The increasing role of social media and lack of clearly identified territorial borders raises the issue of deepening state control over the new media and refreshes the concept of universal jurisdiction.
Publikacja ta jest wynikiem zainteresowania fundacji Inicjatywa ICLHR pojazdami bezzałogowymi ora... more Publikacja ta jest wynikiem zainteresowania fundacji Inicjatywa ICLHR pojazdami bezzałogowymi oraz wyzwaniami, jakie ich rozwój i użycie może spowodować oraz jakie będą konsekwencje w odniesieniu do ochrony praw człowieka, międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego konfliktów zbrojnych i prawa karnego, a zatem także „pożądanych postaw moralnych” członków Sił Zbrojnych. Jednym ze zidentyfikowanych przez fundację środków pomocnych w zagwarantowaniu właściwego rozwoju i użycia tych pojazdów jest zwiększanie wiedzy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz decydentów wojskowych i politycznych w Polsce o różnych (dotyczących rozmaitych dziedzin życia i nauki) potencjalnych i potwierdzonych zagrożeniach czy problemach, a także próba ich zbadania oraz zaproponowania rozwiązań. Część z tak ogólnie tu przedstawionych założeń udało się fundacji wkomponować w projekt zatytułowany „Społeczeństwo obywatelskie wobec rozwoju polskich bojowych bezzałogowców”.
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Papers by Piotr Łubiński
Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified.
Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey.
Autorzy prezentują uczestników działań wojennych od 2016 do 2020 na północy Syrii. W szczególności dokonują opisu sił pro i anty tureckich działających na terenie Syrii.
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law.
Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified.
Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey.
Autorzy prezentują uczestników działań wojennych od 2016 do 2020 na północy Syrii. W szczególności dokonują opisu sił pro i anty tureckich działających na terenie Syrii.
Article deals with issue of right to life from the perspective of suicide attacks in Islam. Author presents legal and religious reasoning behind the right to life in Islam. Secondly he is addressing a question whether Islam accepts suicide attacks against civilian population? Author refers to discussed issues comparatively referring to the international regulations of humanitarian law.
The Polish legal expert Raphael Lemkin formulated the concept of genocide during the Nazi occupation of Europe, and it was then incorporated into the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This volume looks at the issues that are raised both by the existing international law definition of genocide and by the possible developments that continue to emerge under international criminal law. The authors consider how the concept of genocide might be used in different contexts, and see whether the definition in the 1948 convention may need some revision, also in the light of the original ideas that were expressed by Lemkin. The book focuses on specific themes that allow the reader to understand some of the problems related to the legal definition of genocide, in the context of historical and recent developments.
As a valuable contribution to the debate on the significance, meaning and application of the crime of genocide the book will be essential reading for students and academics working in the areas of Legal History, International Criminal Law, Human Rights, and Genocide Studies.
Jednym ze zidentyfikowanych przez fundację środków pomocnych w zagwarantowaniu właściwego rozwoju i użycia tych pojazdów jest zwiększanie wiedzy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz decydentów wojskowych i politycznych w Polsce o różnych (dotyczących rozmaitych dziedzin życia i nauki) potencjalnych i potwierdzonych zagrożeniach czy problemach, a także próba ich zbadania oraz zaproponowania rozwiązań. Część z tak ogólnie tu przedstawionych założeń udało się fundacji wkomponować w projekt zatytułowany „Społeczeństwo obywatelskie wobec rozwoju polskich bojowych bezzałogowców”.