International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, Jul 25, 2022
Policy that disallows body checking (BC) lowers the injury and concussion rate for youth ice hock... more Policy that disallows body checking (BC) lowers the injury and concussion rate for youth ice hockey players. However, little is known about how disallowing BC influences in-game metrics of performance. This prospective cohort video-analysis study examined offensive performance in Under-15 (ages 13–14) and Under-18 (ages 15–17) youth ice hockey players in leagues allowing and disallowing BC. Fifty-two games were filmed (n = 13 BC, n = 13 non-BC) for Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite (lowest 60% and 45% divisions, respectively) divisions in Calgary, Canada. Footage was analyzed for offensive performance metrics on the puck-carrier using the validated ice hockey adapted team sport assessment procedure. Puck metrics included how the player acquired puck possession (e.g. conquered puck from an opponent, received pass from a teammate) and the outcome (e.g. shot on goal, lost puck to opponent). The puck metrics were used to compute a performance composite score for each player that accounted for the quantity (rate of puck possessions per shift time) and quality (a ratio of positive performance metrics to all metrics) of play. Mean difference's (MD) in performance composite scores were compared using multivariable linear regression (adjusted for player position and cluster by team-game) between leagues allowing and disallowing BC for both age groups. Analyses revealed no significant MD in the performance composite scores between players in BC and non-BC leagues for both age groups (Under-15: MD = 0.02, 95%CI: −0.08, 0.12; Under-18: MD = −0.06, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.03). These findings suggest no differences in offensive performance when BC is disallowed in Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite leagues.
Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté eBooks, 2014
Le potentiel éducatif du hockey sur glace est indéniable, particulièrement dans un contexte de pr... more Le potentiel éducatif du hockey sur glace est indéniable, particulièrement dans un contexte de programmes scolaires spécifiques et intensifs comme les programmes sports-études ou les concentrations sport. Ces programmes permettent aux élèves de parfaire leur développement, amorcé bien souvent dans le sport civil, tout en conciliant leur formation académique. Pour ces programmes scolaires, l’utilisation d’une approche fondée principalement sur la compréhension du jeu devient une alternative im..
Objective: To compare physical contacts (PCs) and head contacts (HCs) in nonelite U15 (ages 13-14... more Objective: To compare physical contacts (PCs) and head contacts (HCs) in nonelite U15 (ages 13-14) and U18 (ages 15-17) ice hockey players in body checking (BC) and non-BC leagues. Design: Cohort video analysis study. Setting: Ice hockey arenas in Calgary, Canada. Participants: Players from 13 BC and 13 non-BC games at the nonelite U15 and U18 levels (n = 52 total games). Assessment of Risk Factors: Games were videotaped and analyzed to compare PC variables between leagues allowing and prohibiting BC. Main Outcome Measures: Validated methodology for PC type (trunk PC and other types of PC with limb/stick/head), intensity (low and high intensity), and HC. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression (controlling for cluster by team game and offset by player minutes) to compare the incidence of PCs in BC and non-BC games. Results: The rate of trunk PCs was lower in the non-BC leagues for both U15 (IRR = 0.50, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.58) and U18 (IRR = 0.56, 99% CI: 0.46-0.67) players. This was most significant for BC contacts (U15: IRR = 0.18, 99% CI: 0.11-0.29; U18: IRR = 0.16, 99% CI: 0.08-0.34), although also significant for body contacts (U15: IRR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.46-0.64; U18: IRR = 0.58, 99% CI: 0.48-0.70), other PCs, (U15: IRR = 0.60, 99% CI: 0.45-0.78; U18: IRR = 0.71, 99% CI: 0.58-0.88), and HCs (U15: IRR = 0.40, 99% CI: 0.22-0.71; U18: IRR = 0.37, 99% CI: 0.25-0.57). Conclusions: The incidence of BC was 82% lower in the U15 and 84% lower in U18 levels not allowing BC, with lower HC and other PC rates also in non-BC leagues. These findings demonstrate high adherence with BC policy change in youth ice hockey.
Cette etude poursuivait trois objectifs : 1) determiner les profils d’evolution de pratique d’act... more Cette etude poursuivait trois objectifs : 1) determiner les profils d’evolution de pratique d’activite physique d’eleves « peu actifs » avant ou pendant un Pentathlon en equipe, 2) analyser les caracteristiques identitaires et participatifs (sexe, milieu socio-economique, pratique d’activites physiques) de chaque profil, et 3) identifier les facteurs percus par les eleves comme aidant ou limitant leur pratique. Le programme Pentathlon en equipe a ete implante aupres de 104 jeunes d’ecoles primaires de la region de Quebec. Un questionnaire a ete administre pour recueillir les perceptions des eleves a propos de leur participation au programme. Les resultats ont permis d’identifier que ce sont des facteurs individuels et des caracteristiques du Pentathlon en equipe qui aident le plus les eleves a faire de la pratique d’activites physiques, tandis que ce sont le manque d’equipement et le manque d’engagement qui ont limite la pratique des eleves. Les apports de ce travail sur les facteurs associes aux differents profils d’evolution de pratique ont permis de preciser l’impact de ce type d’intervention aupres des eleves qui participent a ce programme.
Background A 2015, Hockey Calgary body checking (BC) policy change disallowed BC from non-elite B... more Background A 2015, Hockey Calgary body checking (BC) policy change disallowed BC from non-elite Bantam (ages 13–14, lower 60% of divisions). This was informed by evidence that disallowing BC in Pee Wee (ages 11–12) reduced the risk of injury, specifically concussion, by >3-fold. Objective To compare the frequency of type and intensity of player-to-player contacts (PC) and head contact in non-elite Bantam ice hockey games in leagues allowing BC (2014–15) compared with leagues disallowing BC (2015–16). Design Cohort study. Setting Ice-hockey arenas in Calgary, Canada. Participants Non-elite Bantam players in 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) seasons. Interventions In the 2014–15 season, non-elite Bantam leagues allowed BC. In 2015–2016, BC was disallowed. Main Outcome Measurements Thirteen games pre-policy change (2014–2015) and 13 post-policy change were video recorded. Analysis using validated methodology was used to compare the frequency, type (i.e., trunk, head and other types of PC with limb/head/stick), and intensity (trunk contacts level 1–5 with increasing intensity) of PCs. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression (controlling for cluster by team, offset by player minutes). Results There were a total of 3485 trunk contacts and 1395 other contacts in 26 games. The overall risk of trunk PCs was lower post-policy change (IRR=0.50, 95% CI; 0.45–0.56). Post-policy change, high intensity (body checking - level 4,5) contacts decreased (IRR4=0.19, 95% CI; 0.13–0.26 IRR5=0.11, 95% CI; 0.03–0.51), lower intensity (level 2,3) PCs were less frequent (IRR2=0.45, 95% CI; 0.40–0.50 and IRR3=0.47, 95% CI; 0.35–0.63), and other contacts made with the limb/stick also decreased (IRR=0.60, 95% CI; 0.48–0.73). Head contact decreased (IRR=0.40, 95% CI; 0.25–0.61). Conclusions Post-policy change disallowing BC in non-elite Bantam, incidence of high intensity (level 4,5) PCs decreased 82%. Head contact decreased 60% and stick/limbs contact decreased 40%. These findings inform the mechanisms of injury explaining concussion risk reduction post-BC policy change.
Background Policy allowing body checking (BC) increases injury and concussion risk in youth ice h... more Background Policy allowing body checking (BC) increases injury and concussion risk in youth ice hockey players. Hockey Calgary introduced BC policy change in 2015 that disallows BC at the Bantam (ages 13–14) non-elite level (lowest 60% by division of play). Objective To compare game offensive performance (OP) between non-elite Bantam players playing in a league allowing BC and players in a league not allowing BC. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Arenas in Calgary, Alberta. Participants Non-elite Bantam games were videotaped in Calgary, Alberta during the 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) playing seasons. Assessment of Risk Factors Players from the 2014–15 season played in a league allowing BC, while players from 2015–16 season played in a league where BC was not allowed. Main Outcome Measurements Using Dartfish video analysis software, games were analyzed for OP metrics for the puck carrier using the ice hockey adapted Team Sport Assessment Procedure. These metrics included puck possession (conquered puck from an opponent and received pass from a teammate) and puck outcome (successful shot on goal, lost puck to an opponent, and offensive pass to a teammate). Unadjusted incidence rate-ratios (IRRs), clustered by game, were calculated for each puck action per team game between players in Calgary, Alberta 2014–15 (BC allowed) and 2015–16 (BC not allowed). Results No differences were found in puck possession metrics [conquered puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.00,1.16), received pass IRR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.93,1.18)] or puck outcome [successful shot IRR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.86,1.10), lost puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 0.98,1.18), offensive pass IRR=0.98 (95% CI: 0.86,1.12)]. Conclusions There were no differences found across all OP metrics between a non-elite Bantam league allowing BC and a league not allowing BC. There is no evidence to conclude that offensive performance was negatively nor positively affected by Hockey Calgary's decision to disallow BC at Bantam non-elite levels.
International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, Jul 25, 2022
Policy that disallows body checking (BC) lowers the injury and concussion rate for youth ice hock... more Policy that disallows body checking (BC) lowers the injury and concussion rate for youth ice hockey players. However, little is known about how disallowing BC influences in-game metrics of performance. This prospective cohort video-analysis study examined offensive performance in Under-15 (ages 13–14) and Under-18 (ages 15–17) youth ice hockey players in leagues allowing and disallowing BC. Fifty-two games were filmed (n = 13 BC, n = 13 non-BC) for Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite (lowest 60% and 45% divisions, respectively) divisions in Calgary, Canada. Footage was analyzed for offensive performance metrics on the puck-carrier using the validated ice hockey adapted team sport assessment procedure. Puck metrics included how the player acquired puck possession (e.g. conquered puck from an opponent, received pass from a teammate) and the outcome (e.g. shot on goal, lost puck to opponent). The puck metrics were used to compute a performance composite score for each player that accounted for the quantity (rate of puck possessions per shift time) and quality (a ratio of positive performance metrics to all metrics) of play. Mean difference's (MD) in performance composite scores were compared using multivariable linear regression (adjusted for player position and cluster by team-game) between leagues allowing and disallowing BC for both age groups. Analyses revealed no significant MD in the performance composite scores between players in BC and non-BC leagues for both age groups (Under-15: MD = 0.02, 95%CI: −0.08, 0.12; Under-18: MD = −0.06, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.03). These findings suggest no differences in offensive performance when BC is disallowed in Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite leagues.
Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté eBooks, 2014
Le potentiel éducatif du hockey sur glace est indéniable, particulièrement dans un contexte de pr... more Le potentiel éducatif du hockey sur glace est indéniable, particulièrement dans un contexte de programmes scolaires spécifiques et intensifs comme les programmes sports-études ou les concentrations sport. Ces programmes permettent aux élèves de parfaire leur développement, amorcé bien souvent dans le sport civil, tout en conciliant leur formation académique. Pour ces programmes scolaires, l’utilisation d’une approche fondée principalement sur la compréhension du jeu devient une alternative im..
Objective: To compare physical contacts (PCs) and head contacts (HCs) in nonelite U15 (ages 13-14... more Objective: To compare physical contacts (PCs) and head contacts (HCs) in nonelite U15 (ages 13-14) and U18 (ages 15-17) ice hockey players in body checking (BC) and non-BC leagues. Design: Cohort video analysis study. Setting: Ice hockey arenas in Calgary, Canada. Participants: Players from 13 BC and 13 non-BC games at the nonelite U15 and U18 levels (n = 52 total games). Assessment of Risk Factors: Games were videotaped and analyzed to compare PC variables between leagues allowing and prohibiting BC. Main Outcome Measures: Validated methodology for PC type (trunk PC and other types of PC with limb/stick/head), intensity (low and high intensity), and HC. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression (controlling for cluster by team game and offset by player minutes) to compare the incidence of PCs in BC and non-BC games. Results: The rate of trunk PCs was lower in the non-BC leagues for both U15 (IRR = 0.50, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.58) and U18 (IRR = 0.56, 99% CI: 0.46-0.67) players. This was most significant for BC contacts (U15: IRR = 0.18, 99% CI: 0.11-0.29; U18: IRR = 0.16, 99% CI: 0.08-0.34), although also significant for body contacts (U15: IRR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.46-0.64; U18: IRR = 0.58, 99% CI: 0.48-0.70), other PCs, (U15: IRR = 0.60, 99% CI: 0.45-0.78; U18: IRR = 0.71, 99% CI: 0.58-0.88), and HCs (U15: IRR = 0.40, 99% CI: 0.22-0.71; U18: IRR = 0.37, 99% CI: 0.25-0.57). Conclusions: The incidence of BC was 82% lower in the U15 and 84% lower in U18 levels not allowing BC, with lower HC and other PC rates also in non-BC leagues. These findings demonstrate high adherence with BC policy change in youth ice hockey.
Cette etude poursuivait trois objectifs : 1) determiner les profils d’evolution de pratique d’act... more Cette etude poursuivait trois objectifs : 1) determiner les profils d’evolution de pratique d’activite physique d’eleves « peu actifs » avant ou pendant un Pentathlon en equipe, 2) analyser les caracteristiques identitaires et participatifs (sexe, milieu socio-economique, pratique d’activites physiques) de chaque profil, et 3) identifier les facteurs percus par les eleves comme aidant ou limitant leur pratique. Le programme Pentathlon en equipe a ete implante aupres de 104 jeunes d’ecoles primaires de la region de Quebec. Un questionnaire a ete administre pour recueillir les perceptions des eleves a propos de leur participation au programme. Les resultats ont permis d’identifier que ce sont des facteurs individuels et des caracteristiques du Pentathlon en equipe qui aident le plus les eleves a faire de la pratique d’activites physiques, tandis que ce sont le manque d’equipement et le manque d’engagement qui ont limite la pratique des eleves. Les apports de ce travail sur les facteurs associes aux differents profils d’evolution de pratique ont permis de preciser l’impact de ce type d’intervention aupres des eleves qui participent a ce programme.
Background A 2015, Hockey Calgary body checking (BC) policy change disallowed BC from non-elite B... more Background A 2015, Hockey Calgary body checking (BC) policy change disallowed BC from non-elite Bantam (ages 13–14, lower 60% of divisions). This was informed by evidence that disallowing BC in Pee Wee (ages 11–12) reduced the risk of injury, specifically concussion, by >3-fold. Objective To compare the frequency of type and intensity of player-to-player contacts (PC) and head contact in non-elite Bantam ice hockey games in leagues allowing BC (2014–15) compared with leagues disallowing BC (2015–16). Design Cohort study. Setting Ice-hockey arenas in Calgary, Canada. Participants Non-elite Bantam players in 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) seasons. Interventions In the 2014–15 season, non-elite Bantam leagues allowed BC. In 2015–2016, BC was disallowed. Main Outcome Measurements Thirteen games pre-policy change (2014–2015) and 13 post-policy change were video recorded. Analysis using validated methodology was used to compare the frequency, type (i.e., trunk, head and other types of PC with limb/head/stick), and intensity (trunk contacts level 1–5 with increasing intensity) of PCs. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression (controlling for cluster by team, offset by player minutes). Results There were a total of 3485 trunk contacts and 1395 other contacts in 26 games. The overall risk of trunk PCs was lower post-policy change (IRR=0.50, 95% CI; 0.45–0.56). Post-policy change, high intensity (body checking - level 4,5) contacts decreased (IRR4=0.19, 95% CI; 0.13–0.26 IRR5=0.11, 95% CI; 0.03–0.51), lower intensity (level 2,3) PCs were less frequent (IRR2=0.45, 95% CI; 0.40–0.50 and IRR3=0.47, 95% CI; 0.35–0.63), and other contacts made with the limb/stick also decreased (IRR=0.60, 95% CI; 0.48–0.73). Head contact decreased (IRR=0.40, 95% CI; 0.25–0.61). Conclusions Post-policy change disallowing BC in non-elite Bantam, incidence of high intensity (level 4,5) PCs decreased 82%. Head contact decreased 60% and stick/limbs contact decreased 40%. These findings inform the mechanisms of injury explaining concussion risk reduction post-BC policy change.
Background Policy allowing body checking (BC) increases injury and concussion risk in youth ice h... more Background Policy allowing body checking (BC) increases injury and concussion risk in youth ice hockey players. Hockey Calgary introduced BC policy change in 2015 that disallows BC at the Bantam (ages 13–14) non-elite level (lowest 60% by division of play). Objective To compare game offensive performance (OP) between non-elite Bantam players playing in a league allowing BC and players in a league not allowing BC. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Arenas in Calgary, Alberta. Participants Non-elite Bantam games were videotaped in Calgary, Alberta during the 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) playing seasons. Assessment of Risk Factors Players from the 2014–15 season played in a league allowing BC, while players from 2015–16 season played in a league where BC was not allowed. Main Outcome Measurements Using Dartfish video analysis software, games were analyzed for OP metrics for the puck carrier using the ice hockey adapted Team Sport Assessment Procedure. These metrics included puck possession (conquered puck from an opponent and received pass from a teammate) and puck outcome (successful shot on goal, lost puck to an opponent, and offensive pass to a teammate). Unadjusted incidence rate-ratios (IRRs), clustered by game, were calculated for each puck action per team game between players in Calgary, Alberta 2014–15 (BC allowed) and 2015–16 (BC not allowed). Results No differences were found in puck possession metrics [conquered puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.00,1.16), received pass IRR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.93,1.18)] or puck outcome [successful shot IRR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.86,1.10), lost puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 0.98,1.18), offensive pass IRR=0.98 (95% CI: 0.86,1.12)]. Conclusions There were no differences found across all OP metrics between a non-elite Bantam league allowing BC and a league not allowing BC. There is no evidence to conclude that offensive performance was negatively nor positively affected by Hockey Calgary's decision to disallow BC at Bantam non-elite levels.
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