Sport

Abstract:  The three dimensional (3D) flight of a golf ball at taking into account the Magnus effect is studied in the paper. For this purpose it is composed a system of six nonlinear differential equations. To determine the 3D orientation of the ball the rotations around all three axes are given by the so-called Cardan angles instead of classical Euler ones. The high nonlinear system differential equations are solved numerically by a special program created in the MatLab-Simulink environment. It is founded the laws of motion, velocities and accelerations on all six coordinates, as well as the projections of trajectory on the three coordinate planes. The presented analytical base and numerical results in the paper increasing and expanding the knowledge in the theory of general motion of spherical solid and leads to new more extensive research in this complicated area.

This paper aims to discuss several changes which has influenced the development of women's clothing in tennis. It is described on the example of the Wimbledon Championships as this is the oldest and considered as the greatest tennis tournament in the world. For the first time Wimbledon was played in 1877 in London and some of its traditions have been already established that time. I focused mainly on the tradition of the dress code. First, I present the history of tennis fashion, as tennis has always been regarded as a sport for elites, thus the proper clothing for the players included long skirts, corsets, blouses and hats. It did not resemble the costume of current players because the clothes became shorter and shorter with almost every decade. Each time a lady appeared on the court with something which did not stick to the rules she provoked a scandal. Usually those changes were present in fashion after all and started to be commonly used in tennis due to the need of comfort. Secondly, I show the ways nowadays’ players shock the audience because they cannot shorten their apparel anymore. Later on, I mention also the changes in men’s attire. The last part of the paper is devoted to some other Wimbledon’s traditions. It is concluded that despite the fact that all the time someone has wanted to change the Championships’ tradition it has never been changed, which shows us the importance of it to the British culture.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the four-week two strength training program on the skin fold thickness and body fat percentage (BFP) characteristics according to the maximal strength and strength endurance principles. Sixteen male volunteers participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups as the maximal strength group (MSG, n=8, Age=24.00±3.78 year, Height=172.25±2.19 cm, Weight=75.13±6.60 kg) and the strength endurance group (SEG, n=8, Age=25.13±3.09 year, Height=173.38±2.62 cm, Weight=77.00±7.54 kg). 4 weeks training program was applied to maximal strength group according to maximal strength training principles and applied to strength endurance group according to strength endurance training principles. In both groups, body weight, body mass index (BMI), skin fold thickness (triceps, biceps, pectoral, subscapula, abdominal, suprailiac, femur anterior and posterior, calf) and body fat percentage measurements were taken one day before and after the 4 week period. Between pre-test and post-test of SEG group, significant change was showed in triceps, biceps, pectoral, subscapula, abdominal, suprailiac, femur anterior and posterior skin fold thickness measurements and VFM parameters (p < 0.05). Significant change was determined in pre-test and post-test of MSG group in triceps, pectoral, subscapula, abdominal, suprailiac, femur anterior skin fold thickness measurements and VFM parameters (p < 0.05). When the pre-post test differences of the groups were compared, no difference was found between MSG and SEG groups (p > 0.05). As a result, it can be said that 4-week maximal strength training and strength endurance training have positive effects on the skin fold thickness and body fat percentage parameters.

For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were the horse-fights (hestavígs) and horse-racing (skeið). Reading the sagas, one can find a lot of references to horse-fighting. This sport was considered of such importance among medieval Icelanders that laws have been written down regarding this entertainment, yet there is no exact description of how such events were organized. Only by putting all the references together can one endeavor to explain what these horse-fights may have actually been like. In my paper I would like to present the basis for these horse-fights. Their terminology has been frequently misinterpreted, and no critical investigation yet exists into the staging and organization of such events, which would shed light on the meaning and role of this sport to medieval Icelanders. It will be shown that horse-fighting functioned not only as brutal entertainment in itself, but also played a social role in the broader context of inter-district assemblies.

Areas to consider when reading the chapter:
1. The complex and multidimensional factors that contribute to successful and effective
interpersonal relationships with significant others within your sporting environment (coaches,
managers, directors, sport science support personnel, athletes, teammates).
2. The strengths and weaknesses of your communication skills, and how they affect and are
affected by your relationship with significant others.
3. How you communicate, relate, interact with others, as well as how you respond to, manage with,
and prevent interpersonal conflict with significant others.

This milestone text provides a comprehensive and state-of-the art overview of perfectionism theory, research, and treatment from the past 25 years, with contributions from the leading researchers in the field. The book examines new theories and perspectives including the social disconnection model of perfectionism and the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. It also reviews empirical findings, with a special focus on stress, vulnerability, and resilience, and examines perfectionism in specific populations. Finally, it considers how perfectionism relates to physical health and psychophysiological processes and introduces new approaches to effective prevention and treatment. By increasing our understanding of perfectionism as a complex personality disposition and providing a framework for future explorations, this landmark publication aims to promote further research in this field. It will be invaluable reading for academics, students, and professionals in personality psychology, clinical and counselling psychology, applied psychology and related disciplines.

The concept of the gentleman amateur was, and remains, an important aspect of upper and middle-class Victorian and Edwardian male identity. Although he remains a significant literary presence, the form and length of time the gentleman amateur remained a cultural influence in society is contested.                                                     

This article examines one realm of this social constructs influence - sport - in terms of the social and philosophical origins of these titles, what they meant in practice and the repercussions their use had on class cultures, British (English) sporting values and success. It proposes that the gentleman amateur - despite the long-term damage inflicted by such men - remains a major philosophical, ideological and physical influence upon British sport today.

As the digital revolution continues apace, emergent technologies and means of communication have presented new challenges and opportunities for football studies. In turn, researchers active across the social sciences and beyond have responded and are beginning to carve out a new field of study - digital football studies. However, despite the growing number of empirical and theoretical papers that consider football and its relationship with digital culture, we are still very much in the early stages of understanding the digitalisation of our late modern moment. In this paper, using football as the context to explore the effects of digitalisation, we argue, what we call, hyper-digitalisation has resulted in the emergence of four recognisable trends: (1) Cultural resistance to the Murdochization of football spectatorship and news; (2) The integration of the ‘internet of things’ (IoT) at every level of the football industry; (3) The naturalisation of digital communication across the football industry; and (4) A deep and wide-reaching penetration of deterritorialisation processes. We conclude by arguing that we are witnessing clear changes in the way audiences and workforces engage with sport, entertainment, and leisure. To this end, we argue that leisure and football studies must develop empirically, methodologically and theoretically to better capture the nature of hyper-digitalised societies and the ways audiences are playing with and shifting the boundaries and possibilities for leisure.

Administration of Physical Education and Sport Programs, Fifth Edition offers an overview of the theoretical and practical methods and techniques of the administration of physical education and sport programs in an easy-to-read, easy-to-use presentation. With a strong background in history, Administration of Physical Education and Sport Programs, Fifth Edition encompasses actual themes and developments in management and administration while investigating the future of athletic administration. Special emphasis is placed on diversity, ethics, standards, conflict resolution, and transparency needs in all organizations. Each chapter begins with a case study and contains attractive end-of-chapter workouts. Critical thinking scenarios strengthen key terms and theories. From the basics of management and administration to more topic-specific chapters discussing public relations, communications, law, and financial planning and budget restrictions, the text covers everything students need for administration courses.

Literatürde  birden  fazla  kişilik  tanımı  ve  teorisi  bulunmaktadır.  En  genel anlamıyla kişilik, bir insanı ilgilendiren a’dan z’ye her şeyi içermektedir.  Bu çalışmanın amacı,  sporun  kişilik  üzerindeki  etkisini  belirlemektir.  Çalışmanın  örneklemini  daha önce düzenli olarak spor yapmayan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 50  Üniversite  öğrencisi  oluşturmaktadır.  Ayrıca  33  kişilik  denek  gurubu  oluşturuldu. Çalışmaya  katılan  öğrencilere  3  ay  boyunca  haftada  4  gün  spor  eğitimi  verilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek için Bacanlı ve arkadaşları tarafından  (2009)  geliştirilen  Sıfatlara  Dayalı  Kişilik  Testi  (SDKT)  kullanılmıştır.  Elde edilen  verilerin  çözümlenmesinde  SPSS  20  paket  programı  kullanılmıştır.  Verilerin analizinde  tanımlayıcı  istatistik  ve  eş  örneklem  t  testi  uygulanmıştır.  3  Aylı  spor eğitiminin ardından, nevrotizm kişilik özelliğinde bir azalma, dışa dönüklük, yumuşak başlılık  ve  sorumluluk  boyutlarında  bir  artış  olduğu  belirlenmiştir.    Çalışmanın sonunda, sporun kişilik üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ve bundan  önce  yapılan  bir  çok  çalışmada,  sporun  kişilik  gelişiminde  ve  sosyalleşmede önemli bir rolü olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Background. Emotional competencies of individuals are evaluated as a form of capital today. Emotional capital has gained prominence in literature in the last decades. In this regard, qualitative and quantitative studies on emotional capital concept have been conducted. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of emotional capital on job satisfaction and life satisfaction in terms of women basketball players in Turkey. Methods. The research method of this study is descriptive. The statistical population consisted of 135 women basketball players who were reached via using convenience sampling method. Survey was conducted on athletes between 6 th October, 2019 and 30th November, 2019. Emotional Capital Inventory developed by Newman et al. (2015), Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Brayfield and Rothe (1951), shortened by Yoon and Thye (2002), and Life Satisfaction Scale developed by Diener et al. (1985) was used for data collection. SPSS-22 computer program was used in data analysis. The internal consistencies of the questionnaires were obtained by Cronbach's which were 0.81, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. After exploratory factor analysis conducted on emotional capital inventory, seven factors were found as social awareness, self-management, self-awareness, self-reliance, relationship management, adaptability, and apathy. Results. The analysis of data revealed that self-reliance factor of emotional capital has significant and positive effect on job satisfaction, and self-management and personal awareness factors of emotional capital have significant and positive effects on life satisfaction. Conclusion. Finally, it can be concluded that emotional capital has partial effect on both job satisfaction and life satisfaction of women basketball players in Turkey's Super League.

This paper (written in 2003) was one of the first studies to critically look at the governance relationships in European football. We analysed the way a sport governing body responds to the pressures of a lobby group through the example of UEFA and G-14 and proposed a recommendation for the better cooperate and governance of European football. Based on stakeholder analysis – national associations, national leagues, the whole spectrum of clubs, G-14 and UEFA - we identified the divergent perspectives in areas such as competition, revenue sharing or representation and compared different cases of stakeholder management across several sports. At the time in 2003, G-14 and UEFA had tried to promote their own interests, but in the end alienating their counterparts and failing to conclude a satisfactory compromise. We argued that the situation would likely to recur over and over within the current framework of European football since clubs which were (and largely still are) the fundamental cells of European football, did not have any executive power within UEFA’s decision-taking scheme although they generated most of UEFA’s income every year. Based on this paradox, we elaborated a new model of organisation for European football with a particular focus on the way professional football – at club and national level – is managed within UEFA. The model we presented here was not only the fruit of our analysis of European football’s current difficulties but also an emanation of our understanding of the methods of conflict resolution that were applied in other sports such as cycling that showed to be quite successful. The success of such a model depends on a proactive attitude from the governing bodies and positive feedback from the other stakeholders. Thus, no matter how successful the new organisational model could be, all stakeholders need first to perceive the utility of implementing such a reform and agree on the steps to be taken toward its implementation.

Los deportes y la antropología tienen una relación fuertemente consolidada en todo el mundo. En Suramérica cuarenta años de investigaciones antropológicas han fecundado este, hoy, prospero campo. Nos proponemos aquí abordar esta relación analizando el devenir de los tópicos antropológicos y, también, el de los investigadores que han trazado con sus trabajos recorridos posteriores. Este recorrido nos posibilitara discutir el futuro de este campo de estudios, visibilizando problemáticas, delineando nuevos objetivos, y repesando los lineamientos teorías y epistemologías en este campo de estudios.

Editörler:
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Serhat ÖZDENK
Uzm. Ozan YILMAZ

İÇİNDEKİLER

Bölüm 1:
Beden Eğitiminde İşbirliğine Dayalı Öğrenme Modelinin
İncelenmesi
Doç. Dr. Mehmet KUMARTAŞLI

Bölüm 2:
Okul Öncesi Dönemi Çocuklarda Eğitsel Oyunların Önemi
ve Kazanımları
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Serhat ÖZDENK

Bölüm 3:
Antrenman Planlaması
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Dede BAŞTÜRK

Bölüm 4:
Renklerin Sporda Kullanımları
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Mehmet İMAMOĞLU

Bölüm 5:
Zihinsel Antrenman Uygulaması: Otojenik Antrenman
Uzm. Ozan YILMAZ

Bölüm 6:
Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk'te Yer Alan Spor ve Rekreatif Faaliyet
Terimleri
Arş. Gör. Sümeyra ALAN

Bölüm 7:
Direnç Antrenmanına Yönelik Farklı Yaklaşımların
Araştırılması
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Dede BAŞTÜRK

Bölüm 8:
Çocuklarda Kuvvet Antrenmanı
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Serhat ÖZDENK

Bölüm 9:
Spor Kulüpleri Kanunu Çalışmasına Yönelik Görüşler
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Mehmet İMAMOĞLU

The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) in a maximal treadmill run and the aerobic endurance performance in the 20-m multistage shuttle run (MST) test, with the performance indices obtained in the running repeated sprint ability (rRSA) test, in elite youth soccer players. Thirty-seven adolescent male outfield players performed on separate days and in random order the treadmill run test and the MST, to obtain their measured VO(2max) and aerobic endurance performance (via the number of completed shuttles in the MST), respectively. Players also completed the rRSA test of 6x20-m all-out sprints, interspersed with 20 s of active recovery. There was a significant moderate correlation between measured VO(2max) (in L . min(-1) and mL . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and MST results (r=0.43 and 0.54, P&lt;0.05, respectively). There was no significant correlation between measured VO(2max) and aerobic endurance performance with any of the performance...

N° 101 2017 Politiques sportives, relations sociales et action collective Politiques sportives, relations sociales et action collective Au-delà des diversités de contexte, le sport apparaît comme un terrain d'expression du vivre ensemble de premier ordre dans la société contemporaine. Pratique culturelle, mouvement collectif et moment de fête, les activités, organisations et rassemblements sportifs constituent une structure fondamentale de régulation. Quand la remise en cause des monopoles d'État-en France, mais aussi dans d'autres pays francophones-redistribue à d'autres certaines fonctions de société, le monde sportif associatif apparaît dès lors en conservatoire indispensable du lien social. La chute des institutions de socialisation que pouvaient être la famille, l'Église, l'armée, renforce en outre le besoin de nouveaux espaces destinés à ces fonctions que remplit le monde sportif. Les relations renouvelées entre pouvoirs publiques, action collective et lien social sont ainsi plus que amais à questionner. L'eneu scientique de l'ouvrage porte aussi sur de nouvelles relations entre représentations, cultures et identités, pouvoir, conit et communication le sport s'impose ainsi comme obet d'étude susceptible d'appréhender les dynamiques contemporaines mondialisées. Omniprésent dans les médias et les discours, le sport est devenu un genre commun dont il n'est plus permis de méconnaître l'importance. Vingt ans après la parution du livre Sport, relations sociales et action collective en 1995, ce numéro de Sciences de la Société souhaite constituer un nouveau bilan d'étape, théorique et empirique, à propos des liens entre politique sportive, relations sociales et action collective.

Die Nationalmannschaft Katars hat zum ersten Mail die Asienmeisterschaft gewonnen. Zuvor hat sie bei neun Teilnahmen an dem Turnier insgesamt nur sechs Spiele gewonnen. Hinter dem Aufstieg steht unter anderem eine intensive Nachwuchsförderung. Bei der WM 2022 im eigenen Land wollen die jungen Spieler ihren Zenit erreichen.

Il suffit de circuler dans les rues de nos cités ou de se promener le weekend dans les parcs ou les forêts qui les entourent pour constater à quel point le jogging ou le running est devenu une pratique sociale généralisée, selon une chronologie qui reste-rait à préciser mais qui paraît avoir connu une puissante accé-lération dans les quinze dernières années.

The paper analyses the influence of Commune Insurectionnelle de Paris, on the development of two organization and two important associations in the field of physical education in the end of the nineteenth and along the twentieth century in France. One organization is none today as Olympic Comity and the other one, in fact, as school physical education subject.

The Native American powwow has served to maintain the culture of North America’s Indigenous peoples since before the arrival of European colonialists. In traditional forms of the powwow, competition is not common whereas contest powwows are characterized by the primacy of competition. We assess similarities and differences between the contest powwow and competitive sport found within the broader American society through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 competitive contest powwow dancers. We address a number of questions through the qualitative research process, such as what does the powwow mean to you? What are your primary goals for competing? We analyzed the qualitative data via a three-step coding process (open coding, axial coding, and theme development). We demonstrate that although the participants compete with a high degree of seriousness, they maintain traditional collectivist values and attitudes. Further, we conclude that the contest powwow serves to maintain an...

The Platonic definition of courage as the ‘knowledge of the fearful and the hopeful’
is often eschewed by philosophers of sport. In fact, the passionate nature of sport
itself seems to testify against such a definition. Hence, accounts of courage within
sport tend to emphasize the affective dimension of courage at the expense of the
cognitive dimension. This essay argues in defense of the Platonic vision of courage
as a species of knowledge as opposed to contemporary attempts to recover the
affective dimension of courage, as exemplified by John Corlett. I shall argue that
far from producing an overly intellectualized vision of courage, treating courage
as a species of knowledge, even within sport, throws valuable light on the exercise
of courage in sport and on the shape of sport itself with regards to the exercise
of virtue.

Competitive cycling has always been particularly popular in the Benelux, France and Italy, but has spread first continetally and then globally in recent decades. But how global is actually competitive cycling today? In this article we analyze the globalization of road cycling for men. 
 
Wielrennen is van oudsher vooral populair in de Benelux, Frankrijk en Italië. Vanuit deze landen verspreidde de wielersport zich over de wereld. Maar hoe mondiaal is de wielersport vandaag de dag eigenlijk? In dit artikel analyseren wij de mondialisering van het wegwielrennen voor mannen.