Robert Lew
Adam Mickiewicz University (Poznań, Poland), Faculty of English, Faculty Member
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of English, Faculty MemberInternational Journal of Lexicography, Editor, Department Memberadd
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Writing is a cognitively challenging activity that can benefit from lexicographic support. Academic writing in English presents a particular challenge, given the extent of use of English for this purpose. The ColloCaid tool, currently... more
Writing is a cognitively challenging activity that can benefit from lexicographic support. Academic writing in English presents a particular challenge, given the extent of use of English for this purpose. The ColloCaid tool, currently under development, responds to this challenge. It is intended to assist academic English writers by providing collocation suggestions, as well as alerting writers to unconventional collocations choices as they write. The underlying collocational data are based on a carefully curated set of about 500 collocational bases (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) characteristic of Academic English, and their collocates with illustrative examples. These data have been derived from state-of-the-art corpora of academic English and academic vocabulary lists. The manual curation by expert lexicographers and reliance on specifically Academic English textual resources are what distinguishes ColloCaid from existing collocational resources. A further characteristic of ColloCaid is its strong emphasis on usability. The tool draws on dictionary-user research, findings in information visualization, as well as usability testing specific to ColloCaid in order to find an optimal amount of collocation prompts, and the best way to present them to the user.
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W ramach wykładu przedstawię możliwości okulografii, czyli techniki śledzenia ruchu gałek ocznych, w badaniu zachowań użytkowników słowników. Po krótkim wprowadzeniu przedstawię wyniki niedawnych badań własnych z wykorzystaniem tej... more
W ramach wykładu przedstawię możliwości okulografii, czyli techniki śledzenia ruchu gałek ocznych, w badaniu zachowań użytkowników słowników. Po krótkim wprowadzeniu przedstawię wyniki niedawnych badań własnych z wykorzystaniem tej techniki, w szczególności badania nad podziałem uwagi wzrokowej w lekturze haseł słownikowych ilustrowanych graficznie.
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Research Interests: Educational Technology, Teaching English as a Second Language, Digital Humanities, Languages and Linguistics, Natural Language Processing, and 9 moreUsability, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, Linguistics, Lexicography, Spelling, Language Studies, Cluster Analysis, Curriculum and Pedagogy, and Spelling Mistakes
This study looks at how well the leading monolingual English learners' dictionaries in their online versions cope with misspelled words as search terms. Six such dictionaries are tested on a corpus of misspellings produced by Polish,... more
This study looks at how well the leading monolingual English learners' dictionaries in their online versions cope with misspelled words as search terms. Six such dictionaries are tested on a corpus of misspellings produced by Polish, Japanese, and Finnish learners of English. The performance of the dictionaries varies widely, but is in general poor. For a large proportion of cases, dictionaries fail to supply the intended word, and when they do, they do not place it at the top of the list of suggested alternatives. We attempt to identify ...
Research Interests: Educational Technology, Teaching English as a Second Language, Digital Humanities, Languages and Linguistics, Natural Language Processing, and 12 moreUsability, Applied Linguistics, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, Spelling, English language teaching, Dictionary, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Success Rate, Spelling Mistakes, English Language Teaching, and English As a Second Language
This contribution examines the digital revolution in lexicography from the perspective of the dictionary user. We begin with an observation that in the information age the status of the dictionary is changing, and so are patterns of user... more
This contribution examines the digital revolution in lexicography from the perspective of the dictionary user. We begin with an observation that in the information age the status of the dictionary is changing, and so are patterns of user behaviour, with general internet search engines encroaching on the grounds traditionally reserved for lexicographic queries. Clearly, we need to know more about user behaviour in the digital environment, and for this we need to harness user research, to find out how the increasingly flexible and adaptive lexical reference tools of the future need to behave to best accommodate user needs. We summarize the existing findings and show in what ways digital dictionaries are already able to serve users better than their paper predecessors. The challenge to produce efficient and effective dictionaries is best seen in the context of dictionary users’ reference skills, which now tend to overlap with digital literacy. We conclude with a possible vision of the future.
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Review: G.-M. de Schryver (Editor): <i>A Way with Words: Recent Advances 757 in Lexical Theory and Analysis. A Festschrift for Patrick Hanks</i>.
And so, in the first of three major parts of the Guide, titled &amp;amp;#x27;Pre-lexicography&amp;amp;#x27;, we are introduced to the primary source of evidence for modern dictionaries: large electronic text corpora. The authors... more
And so, in the first of three major parts of the Guide, titled &amp;amp;#x27;Pre-lexicography&amp;amp;#x27;, we are introduced to the primary source of evidence for modern dictionaries: large electronic text corpora. The authors skillfully present numerous practical issues in the acquisition of texts, including the impact of structure on the usefulness of corpora. We learn that not all corpora are made equal, discover the advantages and disadvantages of building corpora from the Web (as against more traditional corpora), and are told that the advantages now outweigh ...
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The work under review presents a comprehensive overview of the existing empirical research on dictionary use. The main body of the book offers summaries of 220 individual studies, an average summary amounting to about a page and half, and... more
The work under review presents a comprehensive overview of the existing empirical research on dictionary use. The main body of the book offers summaries of 220 individual studies, an average summary amounting to about a page and half, and thus quite substantial. The summaries have all been written by the author, and most are based on his first-hand reading of the original works. A minority of the summaries (I have counted 40 of these) are based on second-hand reports by one or more other authors, and these ...
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The overarching issue that Martin East tackles in his new book is whether dictionaries should be allowed in writing exams in the foreign language. The larger part of the book is taken up by a detailed analysis of the evidence from three... more
The overarching issue that Martin East tackles in his new book is whether dictionaries should be allowed in writing exams in the foreign language. The larger part of the book is taken up by a detailed analysis of the evidence from three studies of dictionary use in writing exams. The presentation and discussion of these studies is prefaced by a clear and highly readable account of the methodological issues involved (p. 38–41). East&amp;#x27;s subjects are intermediate and upper intermediate learners of German in New Zealand, with English as ...
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Extended phraseology: A lexicographic study is an English rendition of the title of the book under review. As the subtitle would suggest, the book has much to interest lexicographers, but, what is less obvious from the title, it is also a... more
Extended phraseology: A lexicographic study is an English rendition of the title of the book under review. As the subtitle would suggest, the book has much to interest lexicographers, but, what is less obvious from the title, it is also a lexicological study. The work has developed along with the author&amp;#x27;s lexicographic project resulting in the production of two modern phraseological dictionaries of Polish (Muldner-Nieckowski 2003; Muldner-Nieckowski and Muldner-Nieckowski 2004). The author has actively contributed to nearly ...
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Wielki siownik frazeologiczny je zyka polskiego consists of 30 pages of front matter, 940 pages of the dictionary proper, and a 118-page index. According to the publisher, it includes 38,000 articles covering 200,000 expressions and... more
Wielki siownik frazeologiczny je zyka polskiego consists of 30 pages of front matter, 940 pages of the dictionary proper, and a 118-page index. According to the publisher, it includes 38,000 articles covering 200,000 expressions and phrases. In line with modern lexicographic practice, the front matter begins with a helpful illustrated two-page guide showing how to find and interpret lexicographic information included in the dictionary.
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The book begins with a well-argued observation that while the pedagogical lexicographic definition is receiving a lot of attention and undergoing significant changes in the areas of vocabulary and syntax, the phonetic aspects have... more
The book begins with a well-argued observation that while the pedagogical lexicographic definition is receiving a lot of attention and undergoing significant changes in the areas of vocabulary and syntax, the phonetic aspects have remained largely neglected. And yet, there is evidence pointing to the positive role of phonetic simplicity in vocabulary acquisition. In much of the book, Sobkowiak attempts to make up for this phonetic neglect. To this end, he utilizes two important tools: 1. an electronic word-list created from the machine- ...
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The article presents the results of a survey on dictionary use in Europe, focusing on general monolingual dictionaries. The survey is the broadest survey of dictionary use to date, covering close to 10,000 dictionary users (and non-users)... more
The article presents the results of a survey on dictionary use in Europe, focusing on
general monolingual dictionaries. The survey is the broadest survey of dictionary
use to date, covering close to 10,000 dictionary users (and non-users) in nearly thirty
countries. Our survey covers varied user groups, going beyond the students and
translators who have tended to dominate such studies thus far. The survey was
delivered via an online survey platform, in language versions specific to each target
country. It was completed by 9,562 respondents, over 300 respondents per country
on average. The survey consisted of the general section, which was translated and
presented to all participants, as well as country-specific sections for a subset of 11
countries, which were drafted by collaborators at the national level. The present report covers the general section.
general monolingual dictionaries. The survey is the broadest survey of dictionary
use to date, covering close to 10,000 dictionary users (and non-users) in nearly thirty
countries. Our survey covers varied user groups, going beyond the students and
translators who have tended to dominate such studies thus far. The survey was
delivered via an online survey platform, in language versions specific to each target
country. It was completed by 9,562 respondents, over 300 respondents per country
on average. The survey consisted of the general section, which was translated and
presented to all participants, as well as country-specific sections for a subset of 11
countries, which were drafted by collaborators at the national level. The present report covers the general section.
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In an earlier publication it was claimed that there is no useful relationship between Swahili-English dictionary look-up frequencies and the occurrence frequencies for the same wordforms in Swahili-English corpora, at least not beyond the... more
In an earlier publication it was claimed that there is no useful relationship between Swahili-English dictionary look-up frequencies and the occurrence frequencies for the same wordforms in Swahili-English corpora, at least not beyond the top few thousand wordforms. This result was challenged using data for German by a different team of researchers using an improved methodology. In the present article the original Swahili-English data is revisited, using ten years’ worth of it rather than just two, and using the improved methodology. We conclude that there is indeed a positive relationship. In addition, we show that online dictionary look-up behaviour is remarkably similar across languages, even when, as in our case, one is dealing with languages from very dissimilar language families. Furthermore, online dictionaries turn out to have minimum look-up success rates, below which they simply cannot go. These minima are language-sensitive and vary depending on the regularity of the searched-for entries, but are otherwise constant no matter the size of randomly sampled dictionaries. Corpus-informed sampling always improves on any random method. Lastly, from the point of view of the graphical user interface, we argue that the average user of an online bilingual dictionary is better served with a single search box, rather than separate search boxes for each dictionary side.
Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Web Design, English language, English, Swahili, and 15 moreMultimedia Indexing and Searching, Lexicography, Lexicography and Corpus Studies, Swahili (Languages And Linguistics), English Education, Dictionary, Language Universals, Graphical User Interfaces, ICT in teaching and learning English language, Dictionaries, Swahili Language and Bantu languages, Swahili translation, Log Files, Online Dictionaries, and Corpus frequencies
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Language learners today exhibit a strong preference for free online resources. One problem with such resources is that their quality can vary dramatically. Building on related work on monolingual resources for English, we propose an... more
Language learners today exhibit a strong preference for free online resources. One problem with such resources is that their quality can vary dramatically. Building on related work on monolingual resources for English, we propose an evaluation framework for online bilingual dictionaries, designed to assess lexicographic quality in four major areas: coverage of lexical items, their treatment in the entries, access to lexical information, and presentation of lexicographic data. The proposed framework is applied to a set of six popular bilingual English-Polish dictionaries freely available online, established through an online survey of Polish learners of English.
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The present study probed the effectiveness for L2 writing of Longman Słownik Współczesny (Fisiak et al. 2004), a bilingual dictionary for Polish learners of English designed primarily with production tasks in mind (Adamska-Sałaciak 2005).... more
The present study probed the effectiveness for L2 writing of Longman Słownik Współczesny (Fisiak et al. 2004), a bilingual dictionary for Polish learners of English designed primarily with production tasks in mind (Adamska-Sałaciak 2005). Three groups of Polish secondary school students in their final year were asked to write an argumentative essay: one group with the help of a paper copy of Longman Słownik Współczesny, one with a PC version of the dictionary, and one control group without access to a dictionary. The essays were marked using the standard rubric for Polish secondary school final examinations, with separate marks for content, structure, language, and accuracy. Results indicate that those students writing with the help of the dictionary (whether print or PC-based) performed significantly better than the controls without access to dictionaries, with overall scores gaining by about one third. The areas that benefitted most from dictionaries were vocabulary use and general accuracy. The results demonstrate that the dictionary is an effective writing aid for Polish learners of English.
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It is only recently that dictionary users have become a central consideration in the design of dictionaries, and this focus has both stimulated and benefited from research into dictionary use. The present contribution reviews the major... more
It is only recently that dictionary users have become a central consideration in the design of dictionaries, and this focus has both stimulated and benefited from research into dictionary use. The present contribution reviews the major issues in dictionary design from the user perspective, taking stock of the relevant findings from user research, insofar as such research can assist lexicographers in producing improved lexical tools.
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A new type of definition of abstract noun headwords, the single-clause when-definition, has recently found its way into major English monolingual learners' dictionaries. In line with a current broad tendency in pedagogical lexicography,... more
A new type of definition of abstract noun headwords, the single-clause when-definition, has recently found its way into major English monolingual learners' dictionaries. In line with a current broad tendency in pedagogical lexicography, the new definition format seems to be modeled after (English) folk defining, although in fact the latter has so far received little systematic study. The present contribution focuses on the usefulness of the new definition format for conveying syntactic class information to the foreign learner, who may be unfamiliar with the English folk defining tradition. The new definition is tested empirically against the traditional analytical definition.
Research Interests: Teaching English as a Second Language, Languages and Linguistics, English, Applied Linguistics, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, and 8 moreLexicography, English language teaching, Dictionary, User Studies, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Definition, Dictionaries, and English As a Second Language (ESL)
Studies on dictionary use have been gaining ground over the last three decades or so, but while dictionary use has moved dynamically into the digital medium, user research on digital dictionaries has been somewhat slow in coming. In view... more
Studies on dictionary use have been gaining ground over the last three decades or so, but while dictionary use has moved dynamically into the digital medium, user research on digital dictionaries has been somewhat slow in coming. In view of this, the first book-length work on the use of online dictionaries (Müller-Spitzer 2014) is particularly welcome. The present article undertakes a detailed critical review of the studies included in the volume, set in the more general context of the study of the use of digital dictionaries. It also includes suggestions for future research avenues.
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This article makes a case for bilingual learners’ dictionaries. These dictionaries are very different from traditional bilingual dictionaries, being attuned to the productive needs of learners who are speakers of a specific L1. Although... more
This article makes a case for bilingual learners’ dictionaries. These dictionaries are very different from traditional bilingual dictionaries, being attuned to the productive needs of learners who are speakers of a specific L1. Although they have been around for some time now, teachers of English remain largely unaware of their benefits (or, possibly, their existence), continuing to promote the one-size-fits-all monolingual English learners’ dictionaries (MELDs) as the best choice for their students. As practising lexicographers, we cannot fail to appreciate the excellence of the leading MELDs, but, as we try to show, there are important respects in which even the best monolingual dictionary cannot assist a foreign language learner. We also explain why bilingualized dictionaries (adaptations of MELDs) are not a viable alternative to custom-designed bilingual learners’ dictionaries when it comes to helping students speak or write in English. Our arguments are illustrated by sample entries taken from dictionaries for speakers of Japanese, Polish, and Portuguese learning English; some more examples of bilingual learners’ dictionaries for speakers of different languages are given in the Appendix.
Research Interests: Language Education, Teaching English as a Second Language, Second Language Acquisition, Languages and Linguistics, English language, and 18 moreEnglish, Applied Linguistics, Second Language Teacher Education, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, Second/Additional Language Learning, Foreign language teaching and learning, English language teaching, English Language Learners, Language Learning, Dictionary, Foreign Language Education, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Foreign languages, Applied Lingustics, Dictionaries, English language education, and English As a Second Language (ESL)
This contribution examines the digital revolution in lexicography from the perspective of the dictionary user. We begin with an observation that in the information age the status of the dictionary is changing, and so are patterns of user... more
This contribution examines the digital revolution in lexicography from the perspective of the dictionary user. We begin with an observation that in the information age the status of the dictionary is changing, and so are patterns of user behaviour, with general internet search engines encroaching on the grounds traditionally reserved for lexicographic queries. Clearly, we need to know more about user behaviour in the digital environment, and for this we need to harness user research, to find out how the increasingly flexible and adaptive lexical reference tools of the future need to behave to best accommodate user needs. We summarize the existing findings and show in what ways digital dictionaries are already able to serve users better than their paper predecessors. The challenge to produce efficient and effective dictionaries is best seen in the context of dictionary users’ reference skills, which now tend to overlap with digital literacy. We conclude with a possible vision of the future.
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There is some evidence that language learners as dictionary users benefit from access to sense-guiding devices. This study is a first attempt at comparing the efficiency (entry consultation time) and effectiveness (accuracy of sense... more
There is some evidence that language learners as dictionary users benefit from access to sense-guiding devices. This study is a first attempt at comparing the efficiency (entry consultation time) and effectiveness (accuracy of sense selection) of sense signposts against a combination of signposts and menus in print monolingual dictionaries for learners of English. Experimental data from 118 intermediate Polish students of English were collected, testing sense-guiding devices in noun and verb entries of varying length. A Linear Mixed-effects Model analysis with planned comparisons was carried out on the data. Based on a sample of items larger than in previous studies, this study confirms the benefits of signposts in speeding up access to target senses. However, results indicate that adding menus to signposts does not improve search speed or sense selection accuracy any further.
Research Interests: Statistics, Teaching English as a Second Language, Research Methodology, English language, Applied Statistics, and 15 moreEnglish, Applied Linguistics, SPSS, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, User Research, English language teaching, statistics with SPSS and Excel, Research methods in applied linguistics, Dictionary, Linear Mixed Models, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), SPSS Programming, Random-Effects Models, and Dictionary User Research
We use modern eye-tracking technology to scrutinize the process of sense and equivalent selection in polysemous bilingual entries. Our study subjects, intermediate and advanced Polish learners of English, consulted 26 Polish-to-English... more
We use modern eye-tracking technology to scrutinize the process of sense and equivalent selection in polysemous bilingual entries. Our study subjects, intermediate and advanced Polish learners of English, consulted 26 Polish-to-English dictionary pages prompted with a sentence translation task. Throughout the task, an eye-tracking device unobtrusively recorded their gaze patterns, which are analyzed and discussed. Both successful and unsuccessful searches are examined. Also, we assess the potential of eye-tracking technology in the study of dictionary use.
Research Interests: Information Retrieval, Languages and Linguistics, Usability, Eye tracking, Research Methodology, and 19 moreInteraction Design, Applied Linguistics, Reading, Lexicography, HCI, Eye Movements During Reading, User Research, English Language Learners, Prototyping, Visual Search, Research methods in applied linguistics, Reading Strategies, Dictionary, Eye Movements, Dictionary User Research, Dictionary Use, Eye and Gaze Tracking, Reading Strategies and Cognition, and User Evaluations
Multi-word lexical units, such as compounds and idioms, are often problematic for lexicographers. Dictionaries are traditionally organized around single orthographic words, and so the question arises of where to place such complex lexical... more
Multi-word lexical units, such as compounds and idioms, are often problematic for lexicographers. Dictionaries are traditionally organized around single orthographic words, and so the question arises of where to place such complex lexical units. The user-friendly answer would be to include them primarily under the word which users are most likely to look up. But how do we know which words are likely to be looked up?
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This article adopts a cognitive linguistic approach to idioms as motivated lexical units. The focus is on lexicographic applications of the notion of motivation; specifically, on the usefulness of imagery in the form of pictorial... more
This article adopts a cognitive linguistic approach to idioms as motivated lexical units. The focus is on lexicographic applications of the notion of motivation; specifically, on the usefulness of imagery in the form of pictorial illustrations and etymological notes in idioms dictionaries. We discuss the main features of idiom semantics, review the results of research into the influence of motivating information on idiom acquisition, and outline the issue of imagery in idiom entries, highlighting the problems involved. Finally, we report on a study with Polish university students of English. Our findings point to a facilitative role of pictorial illustrations on short- and long-term retention of both form and meaning of idioms. In contrast, etymological notes do not have any positive effect.
Research Interests: Teaching English as a Second Language, Second Language Acquisition, Languages and Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, and 7 moreTeaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, Vocabulary Acquisition, Phraseology, English language teaching, Idioms, and English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
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In this paper I present an overview of the spectrum of available online English language dictionaries, and then offer some general comments on a few selected key issues. Given the current explosion of web content, it is quite pointless to... more
In this paper I present an overview of the spectrum of available online English language dictionaries, and then offer some general comments on a few selected key issues. Given the current explosion of web content, it is quite pointless to try to list every single dictionary available. It makes better sense to identify the salient categories of online dictionaries and selectively focus on their prominent and typical representatives.
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This chapter examines some of the ways in which electronic dictionaries of today can be further improved so as to serve human users better. The focus is on two major areas: effective access to lexicographic data and novel types of data.... more
This chapter examines some of the ways in which electronic dictionaries of today can be further improved so as to serve human users better. The focus is on two major areas: effective access to lexicographic data and novel types of data. In terms of access, I consider how electronic dictionaries can help in situations when users are unsure about the spelling of the word they want o lookup. Two further issues discussed are efficient entry navigation and access to multi-word expressions.
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This study looks at how well the leading monolingual English learners' dictionaries in their online versions cope with misspelled words as search terms.
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Research Interests: Teaching English as a Second Language, Digital Humanities, Languages and Linguistics, Animation, Digital Media, and 8 moreDigital Culture, Applied Linguistics, Digital Media & Learning, Teaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, Vocabulary Acquisition, User Research, and Dictionary User Research
The aim of this paper is to analyze the usefulness of when-definitions for conveying information on the grammatical category of headwords. Such definitions are currently employed in some monolingual learners’ dictionaries (MLDs) to define... more
The aim of this paper is to analyze the usefulness of when-definitions for conveying information on the grammatical category of headwords. Such definitions are currently employed in some monolingual learners’ dictionaries (MLDs) to define abstract nouns, but they have a much longer tradition in English lexicography. By way of introduction, this defining pattern is compared with other definition formats prevalent in learners’ dictionaries. The research which it has already inspired is then reviewed. The empirical investigation whose results are reported below reveals whether when-definitions actually affect part of speech recognition in most naturalistic conditions. The general evaluation of the real potential of when-definitions to inform users about the syntactic category of nouns leads to recommendations, formulated at the end of the paper, on further implementation of this defining strategy in learners’ dictionaries.
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Abstract This study looks at how well the leading monolingual English learners' dictionaries in their online versions cope with misspelled words as search terms. Six such dictionaries are tested on a corpus of misspellings produced by... more
Abstract This study looks at how well the leading monolingual English learners' dictionaries in their online versions cope with misspelled words as search terms. Six such dictionaries are tested on a corpus of misspellings produced by Polish, Japanese, and Finnish learners of English. The performance of the dictionaries varies widely, but is in general poor. For a large proportion of cases, dictionaries fail to supply the intended word, and when they do, they do not place it at the top of the list of suggested alternatives.
Research Interests: Teaching English as a Second Language, Languages and Linguistics, Natural Language Processing, Usability, Applied Linguistics, and 7 moreTeaching English As A Foreign Language, Lexicography, Spelling, English language teaching, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Spelling Mistakes, and English As a Second Language
In this keynote address I reflect on the role of user studies in dictionary research. Starting with a distinction between positivistic and naturalistic general methodological paradigms, I discuss a number of specific methods and... more
In this keynote address I reflect on the role of user studies in dictionary research. Starting with a distinction between positivistic and naturalistic general methodological paradigms, I discuss a number of specific methods and techniques, pointing to their respective strengths and weaknesses. I introduce the audience to a related research paradigm which has recently emerged within computer science, namely usability studies.
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Abstract One finding of user studies is that information on meaning tends to be what dictionary users want most from their dictionaries. This is consistent with the traditional image of the dictionary as a repository of meanings of words,... more
Abstract One finding of user studies is that information on meaning tends to be what dictionary users want most from their dictionaries. This is consistent with the traditional image of the dictionary as a repository of meanings of words, and this is also borne out in definitions of the item DICTIONARY itself as given in dictionaries. While this popular view has not changed much, the growing role of electronic dictionaries can change the lexicographers' approach to meaning representation.
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Praca bada szereg aspektów receptywnego użycia słowników przez Polaków uczących się języka angielskiego przy pomocy ankiet i eksperymentów z wykorzystaniem pseudosłów na próbie 712 uczniów i studentów na różnym poziomie. Słownik... more
Praca bada szereg aspektów receptywnego użycia słowników przez Polaków uczących się języka angielskiego przy pomocy ankiet i eksperymentów z wykorzystaniem pseudosłów na próbie 712 uczniów i studentów na różnym poziomie. Słownik dwujęzyczny używany jest średnio kilka razy w tygodniu, natomiast jednozjęzyczny prawie wcale, z wyjątkiem osób najbardziej zaawansowanych, u których stanowi on uzupełnienie słownika dwujęzycznego.
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The dissertation analyzes the role of linguistic ambiguity in canned linguistic verbal jokes in English. A typology of jokes based on the type of ambiguity underlying the joke is proposed. It is claimed that jokes based on ambiguity... more
The dissertation analyzes the role of linguistic ambiguity in canned linguistic verbal jokes in English. A typology of jokes based on the type of ambiguity underlying the joke is proposed. It is claimed that jokes based on ambiguity contain purposeful textual devices (ambiguators) enhancing the probability of both semantic interpretations being perceived by the recipient.
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Abstract A classification system for linguistic jokes is proposed:(1) verbal,(2) syntactic,(3) phonological,(4) orthographic,(5) deicitc reference,(6) specific vs nonspecific interpretation,(7) pragmatic ambiguity,(8) type of modality, &... more
Abstract A classification system for linguistic jokes is proposed:(1) verbal,(2) syntactic,(3) phonological,(4) orthographic,(5) deicitc reference,(6) specific vs nonspecific interpretation,(7) pragmatic ambiguity,(8) type of modality, & (9) multiple ambiguity. Under (3), it is noted that dialect differences can contribute to the relative success or failure of these jokes. In discussing (4), it is noted that this type may increase in popularity, due primarily to the pervasiveness of electronic communication & Internet access.
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The existence of linguistic humour and linguistic jokes as distinct categories of humour and jokes respectively has been recognized by a number of authors:(Hockett (1972) uses the term" poetic jokes"; Shultz and Horibe (1974); Shultz and... more
The existence of linguistic humour and linguistic jokes as distinct categories of humour and jokes respectively has been recognized by a number of authors:(Hockett (1972) uses the term" poetic jokes"; Shultz and Horibe (1974); Shultz and Robillard (1980); Frumusani (1986: 511); Spector (1990)). Other authors (notably Raskin (1987: 11-14)) have called into question the legitimacy of distinguishing linguistic jokes as a special type of jokes. Raskin (1987) claims that all jokes are, in fact, linguistic.
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The main aim of this paper is to provide some practical guidance to researchers on how statistical power analysis can be used to estimate sample size in empirical design. The paper describes the key assumptions underlying statistical... more
The main aim of this paper is to provide some practical guidance to researchers on how statistical power analysis can be used to estimate sample size in empirical design. The paper describes the key assumptions underlying statistical power analysis and illustrates through several examples how to determine the appropriate sample size. The examples use hypotheses often tested in sport sciences and verified with popular statistical tests including the independent-samples t-test, one-way and twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Commonly used statistical packages allow researchers to determine appropriate sample size for hypothesis testing situations listed above.
Research Interests: Sport Psychology, Health Sciences, Sports Medicine, Statistics, Social Sciences, and 18 moreExercise Physiology, Research Methodology, Applied Statistics, Statistical Analysis, Motor Control, Physical Activity, Kinesiology, Sport And Exercise Psychology, Physical Education, Sport, Sampling, Statistical Inference, Hypothesis testing, Statistical Power, Sport Science, Sample Size, Experimental Statistics: Statistical Analysis of Experiments, and Sports Science
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many... more
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many challenges encountered. We have loaded the data into an online database to make it accessible for anyone to explore and we present our own first explorations of it. The focus of the paper is thus twofold, covering pedagogical and methodological aspects of the lists’ construction, and linguistic aspects of the by-product of the project, the KELLY database.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Translation Studies, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary, Teaching of Foreign Languages, and 10 moreTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL), Corpus Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics & Language Pedagogy, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Vocabulary Acquisition, Language Teaching, Language Learning, Corpora, Frequency, and Data Format
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many... more
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many challenges encountered. We have loaded the data into an online database to make it accessible for anyone to explore and we present our own first explorations of it. The focus of the paper is thus twofold, covering pedagogical and methodological aspects of the lists’ construction, and linguistic aspects of the by-product of the project, the KELLY database.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Translation Studies, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary, Teaching of Foreign Languages, and 10 moreTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL), Corpus Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics & Language Pedagogy, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Vocabulary Acquisition, Language Teaching, Language Learning, Corpora, Frequency, and Data Format
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many... more
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many challenges encountered. We have loaded the data into an online database to make it accessible for anyone to explore and we present our own first explorations of it. The focus of the paper is thus twofold, covering pedagogical and methodo- logical aspects of the lists’ construction, and linguistic aspects of the by-product of the project, the KELLY database.
Research Interests:
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many... more
We present the KELLY project and its work on developing monolingual and bilingual word lists for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method and discuss the many challenges encountered. We have loaded the data into an online database to make it accessible for anyone to explore and we present our own first explorations of it. The focus of the paper is thus twofold, covering pedagogical and methodological aspects of the lists’ construction, and linguistic aspects of the by-product of the project, the KELLY database.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Translation Studies, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary, Teaching of Foreign Languages, and 10 moreTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL), Corpus Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics & Language Pedagogy, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Vocabulary Acquisition, Language Teaching, Language Learning, Corpora, Frequency, and Data Format
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Translation Studies, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary, Teaching of Foreign Languages, and 10 moreTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL), Corpus Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics & Language Pedagogy, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Vocabulary Acquisition, Language Teaching, Language Learning, Corpora, Frequency, and Data Format
Abstract The paper compares systematically the utility of specially-made text corpora and the textual resources of the World Wide Web for linguists and language learners. Different modes of access are discussed, including via dedicated... more
Abstract The paper compares systematically the utility of specially-made text corpora and the textual resources of the World Wide Web for linguists and language learners. Different modes of access are discussed, including via dedicated concordancing software, web-concordancing and the universal search engine.
Research Interests:
Word sketches are one-page automatic, corpus-based summaries of a word's grammatical and collocational behaviour. They were first used in the production of the Macmillan English Dictionary (Rundell 2002). At that point, word sketches only... more
Word sketches are one-page automatic, corpus-based summaries of a word's grammatical and collocational behaviour. They were first used in the production of the Macmillan English Dictionary (Rundell 2002). At that point, word sketches only existed for English. Today, the Sketch Engine is available, a corpus tool which takes as input a corpus of any language and corresponding grammar patterns and which generates word sketches for the words of that language.
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Abstract We present the Kelly project, and its work on developing word lists, monolingual and bilingual, for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method in some detail... more
Abstract We present the Kelly project, and its work on developing word lists, monolingual and bilingual, for language learning, using corpus methods, for nine languages and thirty-six language pairs. We describe the method in some detail and discuss the many challenges encountered. We have loaded the data into an online database and made it accessible for anyone to explore: we present our own first explorations of it.
Research Interests:
This article presents evidence about research-based teaching techniques that aided making the e-learning tool designed for this research more effective than traditional teaching methods when teaching English articles (e.g. ‘a’, ‘an’, and... more
This article presents evidence about research-based teaching techniques that aided making the e-learning tool designed for this research more effective than traditional teaching methods when teaching English articles (e.g. ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’). The techniques employed were: Master’s binary schema, explicit instruction, chunking, and direct feedback. Master’s binary schema (Master 1988, 2003) is an easy-to-grasp and detailed method of teaching English articles. Explicit instruction is the provision of clear and simple instruction of specific target structures (Troia & Graham 2002); in this study, the focus is on English articles. Chunking is the splitting of longer instructions into smaller segments for easier processing (Coufal 2002). Direct feedback for written texts is when responses are placed above, below, or near the inappropriate target structure to guide students towards appropriate use of structures (Bitchener & Knoch 2010). The main study results strongly indicated that the e-learning tool was more effective than the traditional teaching techniques employed in this study. For the overall results by stage and group, the e-learning group achieved significantly better results than the control group. The main study results provide valuable quantitative evidence about the research based teaching techniques incorporated into the e-learning tool for English article usage teaching and for the effectiveness of e-learning in the English grammatical structure teaching.
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A summary of the academia.edu discussion to be found here:
https://www.academia.edu/s/1a487c74ab
https://www.academia.edu/s/1a487c74ab
Research Interests: Humanities Computing (Digital Humanities), Digital Humanities, Lexicology, Dialectology, Search Engine Optimisation, and 11 moreWeb Technologies, Lexical Semantics, Lexicography, Linguistic Geography, Search Engines, Big Data, Oxford English Dictionary, Dictionaries, Dialect Geography, Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles, and Written Questionnaire
The need to integrate songs into English Language Teaching (ELT) has been recognized on numerous occasions. Song lyrics host multi-word units which learners can reuse as building blocks in their English, thereby reducing language... more
The need to integrate songs into English Language Teaching (ELT) has been recognized on numerous occasions. Song lyrics host multi-word units which learners can reuse as building blocks in their English, thereby reducing language processing time and effort, and improving their fluency as well as idiomaticity, thus bringing them closer to the native speaker norm. We report on two studies into the effectiveness of using songs for teaching multi-word units to high-school Polish learners of English. The same items were taught to two groups of EFL learners, but only one of the groups heard them in a song. Learners’ vocabulary recall was measured at three points in time relative to the teaching: before, immediately after, and a week after. The group taught with songs showed a significant recall advantage over the other group, especially when tested a week from teaching. The results suggest that songs can be an effective vehicle for teaching English multi-word units.
Research Interests: Positive Psychology, Formulaic Language, Multiword units, Positive Education, Vocabulary Learning and Teaching, and 14 morePositive Affect, Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching, Multiword Expressions, Songs in the Second Language Classroom, Phraseology, Idiomaticity, Formulaic Language, Songs in English Language Teaching, Using Songs in Teaching English, Positive Psychology and Education, Multi Word Unit, Learning English Vocabularythrough Songs, Songs for English Teaching, Multiword expressions (MWEs), Language Chunks, and multi-word expressions
Review
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The question of what factors, and to what extent, shape the phonetic performance of second language learners has been the subject of much debate (see for instance Ioup & Weinberger 1987 or James & Leather 1987). One factor whose... more
The question of what factors, and to what extent, shape the phonetic performance of second language learners has been the subject of much debate (see for instance Ioup & Weinberger 1987 or James & Leather 1987). One factor whose importance has remained, and is likely to remain, relatively unchallenged is the influence of the sound system of learners' native language.
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See this academia session: https://www.academia.edu/s/1a487c74ab
New methodological and co-creation approaches are needed in Digital Humanities (DH) for cross-disciplinary collaboration oriented to sustainability. More specifically—in the context of Environmental Humanities and regarding biocultural... more
New methodological and co-creation approaches are needed in Digital Humanities (DH) for cross-disciplinary collaboration oriented to sustainability. More specifically—in the context of Environmental Humanities and regarding biocultural diversity—a key challenge is to set effective and engaging ways of rapid knowledge generation for public awareness and policy-making. According to the 2019 United Nations report on biodiversity, the world will lose one million species in the upcoming years. In parallel, it is acknowledged that the degradation of biological diversity also threatens cultural and linguistic diversity, as declared by UNESCO. In an attempt to contribute to knowledge safeguarding this diversity, a hybrid approach combining the tradition of participatory design with DH tools and with the collaboration of a variety of scholars and stakeholders, has resulted in the co-creation of a manifesto on “biodiversity in connection with linguistic and cultural diversity”. We outline the design thinking methodology applied for this experimental case study, and in parallel apply software-aided discourse analysis of the manifesto co-writing process—from a “sprint” collaborative writing format to an online publication, moving from a face-to-face context into digital collaboration channels. Results highlight the importance of facilitation, flexibility and adequate ways of visualization “in progress” (via analogue materials and DH tools) during the co-writing sprint process, as well as the need to set basic co-creation protocols in such transdisciplinary context, considering synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. We discuss the importance of advancing between DH and sustainability-driven experimental co-creation, connecting practices with opportunities to develop collaborative writing and knowledge generation in the margins of academic settings.
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Research Interests:
The main aim of this paper is to provide some practical guidance to researchers on how statistical power analysis can be used to estimate sample size in empirical design. The paper describes the key assumptions underlying statistical... more
The main aim of this paper is to provide some practical guidance to researchers on how statistical power analysis can be used to estimate sample size in empirical design. The paper describes the key assumptions underlying statistical power analysis and illustrates through several examples how to determine the appropriate sample size. The examples use hypotheses often tested in sport sciences and verified with popular statistical tests including the independent-samples t-test, one-way and two- way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Commonly used statistical packages allow researchers to determine a sample size for hypothesis testing situations listed above.