Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are... more Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we document how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Although males had descended testes and pigmented scrota, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared to breed since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. Males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. There was no decrease in the number of juveniles that emerged in 2012 or female yearlings recruited in 2013, nor did juveniles emerge late...
Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, ... more Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, and are the main species responsible for regeneration of neotropical forests. In Mato Grosso do Sul, research on bats diets is concentrated in the Pantanal region, with few studies focusing on the Cerrado portion, and only one study from an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the diets of frugivorous phyllostomid bats from two urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, evaluating whether the diet formulation of the species is based on preferences food. Bats were captured from two conservation units (the Dahma Ecological Station and Prosa State Park) for 12 nights in each area, using six mist nets, which were left open for six hours after sunset. After capture, each bat was kept in an individual cotton bag for one hour to collect a fecal sample. Fecal samples were individually stored in hermetic bottles, placed in glycerin, and then analyzed in the l...
Infestation of flies of the genus Megistopoda (Diptera, Strebilidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiropter... more Infestation of flies of the genus Megistopoda (Diptera, Strebilidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in an urban fragment of Cerrado in Campo grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. This study aimed to analyze the infestation of bats by flies of the genus Megistopoda in an urban forest remnant of Campo Grande, MS. The bats were captured with mist nets in monthly samples taken in two periods, the first between September 2011 and July 2012, and the second between October 2012 and May 2013, taking turns in 12 sampling points. 354 captures of bats belonging to 13 species were performed; yielding 27 samples of Megistopoda aranea species parasitizing three host species. The Diptera M. aranea was found mainly parasitizing the Artibeus planirostris species, occurring in 21 specimens, resulting in a prevalence of 29.57% of the population of this bat. For Artibeus lituratus specimens of M. aranea were found only five individuals, with a prevalence of 3.57%. A specimen of Carollia perspicillata parasitized...
Sperm competition is an evolutionary process that can affect sperm production, and consequently r... more Sperm competition is an evolutionary process that can affect sperm production, and consequently reproductive success. This process happens when a female copulates with two or more males and the sperm of different males compete internally to fertilize the egg. Successful males may not necessarily be males with the highest number of sperm as there are a range of other factors that can be influenced by sperm competition, such as accessory glands size. Semen is a complex fluid containing cells and other molecules produced by the accessory glands and these non-sperm components of an ejaculate are critical for successful fertilization. The objective of our work was to examine the relationship between relative testes size and accessory glands in two species of ground squirrels under sperm competition. Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) showed higher relative testes size, higher sperm concentration, heavier prostate and Cowper gland mass than Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus ri...
Introdução A Resolução CONAMA 001 de 23/01/1986 define impacto ambiental como "qualquer alte... more Introdução A Resolução CONAMA 001 de 23/01/1986 define impacto ambiental como "qualquer alteração das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do meio ambiente, causada por qualquer forma de matéria ou energia resultante das atividades humanas [...]" (BRASIL, 1986). O Instituto Munici pal de Planejamento Urbano e de Meio Ambiente – PLANURB de Campo Grande, MS, deu início em 1997 ao projeto "Reviva Lagoa Itatiaia" (RLI), que tinha por finalidade a revitalização e urbanização da referida lagoa. A obra teve início em ago/2002, sendo inaugurada em dez/2003. Embora um Estudo Ambiental Preliminar tenha sido realizado, uma análise crítica do mesmo concluiu que houve falhas em sua elaboração (CAMILLO & ALBUQUERQUE, 2004). Assim, impactos físicos podem ter ocorrido na Lagoa Itatiaia após as intervenções do citado projeto urbanístico. Os impactos físicos, por sua vez, alteram o funcionamento do ecossistema acarretando conseqüências biológicas que devem ser identificadas...
Diversas especies de plantas usam animais para dispersar suas sementes e polen, gerando uma relac... more Diversas especies de plantas usam animais para dispersar suas sementes e polen, gerando uma relacao mutualistica entre essas especies vegetais e animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento floristico preliminar e identificacao de especies potencialmente consumidas por morcegos. As amostragens foram realizadas em seis pontos de coleta, quinzenalmente, entre abril e maio de 2013. Foram analisadas cinco parcelas de 10x10m em cada ponto, totalizando 30 parcelas abrangendo 3.000 m 2 . Identificamos 18 especies com flores ou frutos que eram potenciais fontes de alimento para morcegos, como Calophyllum brasiliense , Ficus obtusifolia , Piper arboreum e Solanum grandiflorum . Essas especies sao representantes de generos conhecidos como fonte de alimentos de quiropteros, sendo possivel a ocorrencia de outras especies desses generos potenciais ao uso pelos morcegos da regiao.
Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are... more Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we observed how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Despite external indicators suggesting that males were prepared for breeding, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. We found that males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. There was no difference in litter size among years, nor a decrease in the number of juveniles emerged in 2012 or ...
The multihost parasites Leishmania spp. infect a broad range of wild mammalian species including ... more The multihost parasites Leishmania spp. infect a broad range of wild mammalian species including bats. Several species of bats have adapted to a variety of food resources and shelters in urban areas. This study aimed to detect Leishmania spp. DNA in bats present in forest fragments located in metropolitan areas endemic for leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 80 individuals, including eight species of Phyllostomidae and one species of Vespertilionidae. Thirty of the 80 bats were positive for Leishmania spp. using conventional PCR, all belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. Eighteen samples tested by real-time PCR (qPCR) using specific primers for the kDNA of Leishmania infantum were positive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detecting Leishmania spp. in Platyrrhinus incarum in addition to being the first reported detection of L. infantum in the bat species Phyllostomus discolor, Platyrrhinus lineatus,...
Frugivory by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in two cerrado urban remnants in Camp... more Frugivory by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in two cerrado urban remnants in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, and are the main species responsible for regeneration of neotropical forests. In Mato Grosso do Sul, research on bats diets is concentrated in the Pantanal region, with few studies focusing on the Cerrado portion, and only one study from an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the diets of frugivorous phyllostomid bats from two urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, evaluating whether the diet formulation of the species is based on preferences food. Bats were captured from two conservation units (the Dahma Ecological Station and Prosa State Park) for 12 nights in each area, using six mist nets, which were left open for six hours after sunset. After capture, each bat was kept in an individual cotton bag for one hour to collect a fecal sample. Fecal samples were individually stored in hermetic bottles, placed in glycerin, and then analyzed in the laboratory. All seeds found in the samples were identified. 250 bats were captured, distributed in ten species, eight genera, and two families. Phyllostomids constituted 93.2% of the captures (n = 233). The most frequent species were Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) (27.6%) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (27.2%). Seeds were found in 46 fecal samples from seven species of phyllostomid bats. Most of the seeds found were from the family Piperaceae (69.6% of the samples), and was a key resource consumed by almost all phyllostomid species. Frugivores help maintain conservation units, as they promote self-renewal, and frugivory is an important process for forest remnants. Since these bats exclusively consumed pioneer species, they play a key role in maintaining these urban remnants of Cerrado.
Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are... more Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we document how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Although males had descended testes and pigmented scrota, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared to breed since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. Males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. There was no decrease in the number of juveniles that emerged in 2012 or female yearlings recruited in 2013, nor did juveniles emerge late...
Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, ... more Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, and are the main species responsible for regeneration of neotropical forests. In Mato Grosso do Sul, research on bats diets is concentrated in the Pantanal region, with few studies focusing on the Cerrado portion, and only one study from an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the diets of frugivorous phyllostomid bats from two urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, evaluating whether the diet formulation of the species is based on preferences food. Bats were captured from two conservation units (the Dahma Ecological Station and Prosa State Park) for 12 nights in each area, using six mist nets, which were left open for six hours after sunset. After capture, each bat was kept in an individual cotton bag for one hour to collect a fecal sample. Fecal samples were individually stored in hermetic bottles, placed in glycerin, and then analyzed in the l...
Infestation of flies of the genus Megistopoda (Diptera, Strebilidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiropter... more Infestation of flies of the genus Megistopoda (Diptera, Strebilidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in an urban fragment of Cerrado in Campo grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. This study aimed to analyze the infestation of bats by flies of the genus Megistopoda in an urban forest remnant of Campo Grande, MS. The bats were captured with mist nets in monthly samples taken in two periods, the first between September 2011 and July 2012, and the second between October 2012 and May 2013, taking turns in 12 sampling points. 354 captures of bats belonging to 13 species were performed; yielding 27 samples of Megistopoda aranea species parasitizing three host species. The Diptera M. aranea was found mainly parasitizing the Artibeus planirostris species, occurring in 21 specimens, resulting in a prevalence of 29.57% of the population of this bat. For Artibeus lituratus specimens of M. aranea were found only five individuals, with a prevalence of 3.57%. A specimen of Carollia perspicillata parasitized...
Sperm competition is an evolutionary process that can affect sperm production, and consequently r... more Sperm competition is an evolutionary process that can affect sperm production, and consequently reproductive success. This process happens when a female copulates with two or more males and the sperm of different males compete internally to fertilize the egg. Successful males may not necessarily be males with the highest number of sperm as there are a range of other factors that can be influenced by sperm competition, such as accessory glands size. Semen is a complex fluid containing cells and other molecules produced by the accessory glands and these non-sperm components of an ejaculate are critical for successful fertilization. The objective of our work was to examine the relationship between relative testes size and accessory glands in two species of ground squirrels under sperm competition. Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) showed higher relative testes size, higher sperm concentration, heavier prostate and Cowper gland mass than Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus ri...
Introdução A Resolução CONAMA 001 de 23/01/1986 define impacto ambiental como "qualquer alte... more Introdução A Resolução CONAMA 001 de 23/01/1986 define impacto ambiental como "qualquer alteração das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do meio ambiente, causada por qualquer forma de matéria ou energia resultante das atividades humanas [...]" (BRASIL, 1986). O Instituto Munici pal de Planejamento Urbano e de Meio Ambiente – PLANURB de Campo Grande, MS, deu início em 1997 ao projeto "Reviva Lagoa Itatiaia" (RLI), que tinha por finalidade a revitalização e urbanização da referida lagoa. A obra teve início em ago/2002, sendo inaugurada em dez/2003. Embora um Estudo Ambiental Preliminar tenha sido realizado, uma análise crítica do mesmo concluiu que houve falhas em sua elaboração (CAMILLO & ALBUQUERQUE, 2004). Assim, impactos físicos podem ter ocorrido na Lagoa Itatiaia após as intervenções do citado projeto urbanístico. Os impactos físicos, por sua vez, alteram o funcionamento do ecossistema acarretando conseqüências biológicas que devem ser identificadas...
Diversas especies de plantas usam animais para dispersar suas sementes e polen, gerando uma relac... more Diversas especies de plantas usam animais para dispersar suas sementes e polen, gerando uma relacao mutualistica entre essas especies vegetais e animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento floristico preliminar e identificacao de especies potencialmente consumidas por morcegos. As amostragens foram realizadas em seis pontos de coleta, quinzenalmente, entre abril e maio de 2013. Foram analisadas cinco parcelas de 10x10m em cada ponto, totalizando 30 parcelas abrangendo 3.000 m 2 . Identificamos 18 especies com flores ou frutos que eram potenciais fontes de alimento para morcegos, como Calophyllum brasiliense , Ficus obtusifolia , Piper arboreum e Solanum grandiflorum . Essas especies sao representantes de generos conhecidos como fonte de alimentos de quiropteros, sendo possivel a ocorrencia de outras especies desses generos potenciais ao uso pelos morcegos da regiao.
Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are... more Hibernating ground squirrels rely on a short active period for breeding and mass accrual, and are thus vulnerable to extreme climate events that affect key periods in their annual cycle. Here, we observed how a heatwave in March 2012 led to a phenological mismatch between sexes in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii). Females emerged from hibernation and commenced breeding earlier in 2012 relative to average female emergence. Despite external indicators suggesting that males were prepared for breeding, it appeared that not all males were physiologically prepared since 58.6% of males had non-motile sperm when breeding commenced. We found that males with non-motile sperm had smaller accessory glands than males with motile sperm. Body condition, relative testes size, and the relative size of accessory glands were significant predictors of sperm motility. There was no difference in litter size among years, nor a decrease in the number of juveniles emerged in 2012 or ...
The multihost parasites Leishmania spp. infect a broad range of wild mammalian species including ... more The multihost parasites Leishmania spp. infect a broad range of wild mammalian species including bats. Several species of bats have adapted to a variety of food resources and shelters in urban areas. This study aimed to detect Leishmania spp. DNA in bats present in forest fragments located in metropolitan areas endemic for leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 80 individuals, including eight species of Phyllostomidae and one species of Vespertilionidae. Thirty of the 80 bats were positive for Leishmania spp. using conventional PCR, all belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. Eighteen samples tested by real-time PCR (qPCR) using specific primers for the kDNA of Leishmania infantum were positive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detecting Leishmania spp. in Platyrrhinus incarum in addition to being the first reported detection of L. infantum in the bat species Phyllostomus discolor, Platyrrhinus lineatus,...
Frugivory by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in two cerrado urban remnants in Camp... more Frugivory by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in two cerrado urban remnants in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, and are the main species responsible for regeneration of neotropical forests. In Mato Grosso do Sul, research on bats diets is concentrated in the Pantanal region, with few studies focusing on the Cerrado portion, and only one study from an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the diets of frugivorous phyllostomid bats from two urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, evaluating whether the diet formulation of the species is based on preferences food. Bats were captured from two conservation units (the Dahma Ecological Station and Prosa State Park) for 12 nights in each area, using six mist nets, which were left open for six hours after sunset. After capture, each bat was kept in an individual cotton bag for one hour to collect a fecal sample. Fecal samples were individually stored in hermetic bottles, placed in glycerin, and then analyzed in the laboratory. All seeds found in the samples were identified. 250 bats were captured, distributed in ten species, eight genera, and two families. Phyllostomids constituted 93.2% of the captures (n = 233). The most frequent species were Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) (27.6%) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (27.2%). Seeds were found in 46 fecal samples from seven species of phyllostomid bats. Most of the seeds found were from the family Piperaceae (69.6% of the samples), and was a key resource consumed by almost all phyllostomid species. Frugivores help maintain conservation units, as they promote self-renewal, and frugivory is an important process for forest remnants. Since these bats exclusively consumed pioneer species, they play a key role in maintaining these urban remnants of Cerrado.
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