This study focuses on the diaspora contribution to the development of Somaliland. In
detail three... more This study focuses on the diaspora contribution to the development of Somaliland. In detail three types of remittances are examined as well as Hawala operators particularly the strategies behind employment and taxation toward Hawala is examined. In order to obtain the needed data to the study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. The study separated the focus groups into three respondents groups. The first focus group is the family remittance recipients and 90 families were interviewed, using structural questions and discussions to obtain proper data regarding the use of remittance and its effects. The second group contains 10 diaspora owned business including to Hawalas using structural interview with managers and the obtained data is toward employment and their other contribution to development. The third focus group is the state owned institutions and this part of the study has examined the overall diaspora contribution to humanitarian and development terms. The study finds that the family remittance recipients benefit from the remittance in terms of some savings, creating other income generating activities including new migration of the members of the recipients. As there is huge unemployment in the region, new migration has the potential that the recipients have sustainable remittances and the migration is strategically planed and intended to be income diversification. When it comes to the investments from the diaspora, this study finds that the non-recipients can’t benefit this type of remittance due to the employing strategies from the owners given the fact that family and clan members of the owner have the opportunity of employment. Another remittance examined in this study is collective remittance to public goods and finds that the Diasporas organizations are based on clan, and although they contribute to humanitarian aid however there capacity are meager. The study concludes that the non-recipients in general and the members of marginalized clans in the region with less members abroad can’t benefit from remittances significantly and there is huge unequal distribution of remittances.
This socio-economic survey in Xalin and Qool-Dhuxulaale villages that water interventions are cur... more This socio-economic survey in Xalin and Qool-Dhuxulaale villages that water interventions are currently ongoing is meant to deeply understand the impact of the droughts and the livelihood patterns of the two selected communities. The assessment has great significance or value and will be a baseline for all future humanitarian and developmental interventions by both Somaliland government, international agencies as well as potential local or foreign investors. This assessment will directly support MoWRD to come up with water integrated management initiatives that reduce climate change risks and support the drought-affected population in the country, which resulted in a mass displacement in certain parts of the country. The most obvious findings that emerged from the analysis is that both communities are very resilient in terms of helping each other during harsh livelihood shocks, both have safety nets in the form clan system, which is informal and based on traditional local clan policies. The survey also finds out that droughts affectees are just a parameter and the communities of the sites have a different livelihood. Their recovery mechanisms are informal and formal systems are not homogenous and their livelihood depends on various sources of income. While the Qool-Dhuxulaale community is nomad-pastoralists, the Xalin community are agro-pastoralists i.e. depending on both livestock and farming. Based on the livelihood variety the communities need different approaches for future interventions. In the case of Xalin, historically there was an existence of collapsed potential farming projects included Palm-Dates and Sugar production projects. Some skilled women used weaving of Somali mats, baskets and different households’ materials from now almost eradicated weaving palm-trees. In the case of Qool-Dhuxulaale water access and the well-being of their livestock is their top priority. Furthermore, both communities lack any kind of social services except a primary school for each village. There are no administrative services including MCHs, Police Stations, Public transport means, etc. The mayors and VCs of both villages lack administrative facilities to ease the delivery of their services. All these lacking aspects have direct implications for the resilience and sustainability of their livelihood chains.
This paper is based on many years of hands-on experience as a teacher and University educator by ... more This paper is based on many years of hands-on experience as a teacher and University educator by the Author, informal interviews with key educationists, lecturers and Somali students; and insider-outsider observations of Somaliland and Somalia University Education. Its goal is to identify higher education gaps in both of the regions and possible pathways that could resurrect quality higher education. The concept of partnership between countries has in the last decades emerged as being central for successful poverty eradication in Africa. A partnership can be defined as a "cooperation between countries that share the desire to reach common goals with high-priority”. In recent years, there has been a significant change in focus and direction of development approaches by partner countries, with new approaches such as Research for Development becoming prominent. Partnerships in Research for Development projects are viewed as an important means for contributing to knowledge generation resulting in better and improved services, and development programs. Somalia is the largest recipient of Turkey’s humanitarian assistance in Africa. The partnership between Turkey and Somalia is multidimensional but mainly revolve around security, infrastructure development, health, and reconciliation process. However, while the strategic partnership between the two countries has been blossoming, the role of academic institutions, in generating evidence-based knowledge with the potential to direct policymakers and service providers to effective development interventions, is missing. Somalia’s academic institutions have recovered from decades of destruction and, today, there are over 50 universities in the country. A very few of these universities have a capacity for research. This is mainly due to the shortage of Ph.D. level academics with research experience. The Ph.D. level academics among universities in Somalia constitute less than 9% of the total universities’ academic staff. The research collaboration between Turkey and Somalia’s universities, as part of the two countries’ partnership, is a neglected opportunity that deserves consideration. This paper, therefore, addresses a greater understanding of the importance of research partnership among Somali and Turkey’s universities for development initiatives, and the opportunities and challenges for such a collaboration.
This study focuses on the diaspora contribution to the development of Somaliland. In
detail three... more This study focuses on the diaspora contribution to the development of Somaliland. In detail three types of remittances are examined as well as Hawala operators particularly the strategies behind employment and taxation toward Hawala is examined. In order to obtain the needed data to the study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. The study separated the focus groups into three respondents groups. The first focus group is the family remittance recipients and 90 families were interviewed, using structural questions and discussions to obtain proper data regarding the use of remittance and its effects. The second group contains 10 diaspora owned business including to Hawalas using structural interview with managers and the obtained data is toward employment and their other contribution to development. The third focus group is the state owned institutions and this part of the study has examined the overall diaspora contribution to humanitarian and development terms. The study finds that the family remittance recipients benefit from the remittance in terms of some savings, creating other income generating activities including new migration of the members of the recipients. As there is huge unemployment in the region, new migration has the potential that the recipients have sustainable remittances and the migration is strategically planed and intended to be income diversification. When it comes to the investments from the diaspora, this study finds that the non-recipients can’t benefit this type of remittance due to the employing strategies from the owners given the fact that family and clan members of the owner have the opportunity of employment. Another remittance examined in this study is collective remittance to public goods and finds that the Diasporas organizations are based on clan, and although they contribute to humanitarian aid however there capacity are meager. The study concludes that the non-recipients in general and the members of marginalized clans in the region with less members abroad can’t benefit from remittances significantly and there is huge unequal distribution of remittances.
This socio-economic survey in Xalin and Qool-Dhuxulaale villages that water interventions are cur... more This socio-economic survey in Xalin and Qool-Dhuxulaale villages that water interventions are currently ongoing is meant to deeply understand the impact of the droughts and the livelihood patterns of the two selected communities. The assessment has great significance or value and will be a baseline for all future humanitarian and developmental interventions by both Somaliland government, international agencies as well as potential local or foreign investors. This assessment will directly support MoWRD to come up with water integrated management initiatives that reduce climate change risks and support the drought-affected population in the country, which resulted in a mass displacement in certain parts of the country. The most obvious findings that emerged from the analysis is that both communities are very resilient in terms of helping each other during harsh livelihood shocks, both have safety nets in the form clan system, which is informal and based on traditional local clan policies. The survey also finds out that droughts affectees are just a parameter and the communities of the sites have a different livelihood. Their recovery mechanisms are informal and formal systems are not homogenous and their livelihood depends on various sources of income. While the Qool-Dhuxulaale community is nomad-pastoralists, the Xalin community are agro-pastoralists i.e. depending on both livestock and farming. Based on the livelihood variety the communities need different approaches for future interventions. In the case of Xalin, historically there was an existence of collapsed potential farming projects included Palm-Dates and Sugar production projects. Some skilled women used weaving of Somali mats, baskets and different households’ materials from now almost eradicated weaving palm-trees. In the case of Qool-Dhuxulaale water access and the well-being of their livestock is their top priority. Furthermore, both communities lack any kind of social services except a primary school for each village. There are no administrative services including MCHs, Police Stations, Public transport means, etc. The mayors and VCs of both villages lack administrative facilities to ease the delivery of their services. All these lacking aspects have direct implications for the resilience and sustainability of their livelihood chains.
This paper is based on many years of hands-on experience as a teacher and University educator by ... more This paper is based on many years of hands-on experience as a teacher and University educator by the Author, informal interviews with key educationists, lecturers and Somali students; and insider-outsider observations of Somaliland and Somalia University Education. Its goal is to identify higher education gaps in both of the regions and possible pathways that could resurrect quality higher education. The concept of partnership between countries has in the last decades emerged as being central for successful poverty eradication in Africa. A partnership can be defined as a "cooperation between countries that share the desire to reach common goals with high-priority”. In recent years, there has been a significant change in focus and direction of development approaches by partner countries, with new approaches such as Research for Development becoming prominent. Partnerships in Research for Development projects are viewed as an important means for contributing to knowledge generation resulting in better and improved services, and development programs. Somalia is the largest recipient of Turkey’s humanitarian assistance in Africa. The partnership between Turkey and Somalia is multidimensional but mainly revolve around security, infrastructure development, health, and reconciliation process. However, while the strategic partnership between the two countries has been blossoming, the role of academic institutions, in generating evidence-based knowledge with the potential to direct policymakers and service providers to effective development interventions, is missing. Somalia’s academic institutions have recovered from decades of destruction and, today, there are over 50 universities in the country. A very few of these universities have a capacity for research. This is mainly due to the shortage of Ph.D. level academics with research experience. The Ph.D. level academics among universities in Somalia constitute less than 9% of the total universities’ academic staff. The research collaboration between Turkey and Somalia’s universities, as part of the two countries’ partnership, is a neglected opportunity that deserves consideration. This paper, therefore, addresses a greater understanding of the importance of research partnership among Somali and Turkey’s universities for development initiatives, and the opportunities and challenges for such a collaboration.
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Papers by Omar J Diriye
detail three types of remittances are examined as well as Hawala operators particularly the
strategies behind employment and taxation toward Hawala is examined.
In order to obtain the needed data to the study, qualitative and quantitative research
methods were applied. The study separated the focus groups into three respondents groups.
The first focus group is the family remittance recipients and 90 families were interviewed,
using structural questions and discussions to obtain proper data regarding the use of
remittance and its effects. The second group contains 10 diaspora owned business including to
Hawalas using structural interview with managers and the obtained data is toward
employment and their other contribution to development. The third focus group is the state
owned institutions and this part of the study has examined the overall diaspora contribution to
humanitarian and development terms.
The study finds that the family remittance recipients benefit from the remittance in
terms of some savings, creating other income generating activities including new migration of
the members of the recipients. As there is huge unemployment in the region, new migration
has the potential that the recipients have sustainable remittances and the migration is
strategically planed and intended to be income diversification. When it comes to the
investments from the diaspora, this study finds that the non-recipients can’t benefit this type
of remittance due to the employing strategies from the owners given the fact that family and
clan members of the owner have the opportunity of employment. Another remittance
examined in this study is collective remittance to public goods and finds that the Diasporas
organizations are based on clan, and although they contribute to humanitarian aid however
there capacity are meager.
The study concludes that the non-recipients in general and the members of
marginalized clans in the region with less members abroad can’t benefit from remittances
significantly and there is huge unequal distribution of remittances.
Drafts by Omar J Diriye
detail three types of remittances are examined as well as Hawala operators particularly the
strategies behind employment and taxation toward Hawala is examined.
In order to obtain the needed data to the study, qualitative and quantitative research
methods were applied. The study separated the focus groups into three respondents groups.
The first focus group is the family remittance recipients and 90 families were interviewed,
using structural questions and discussions to obtain proper data regarding the use of
remittance and its effects. The second group contains 10 diaspora owned business including to
Hawalas using structural interview with managers and the obtained data is toward
employment and their other contribution to development. The third focus group is the state
owned institutions and this part of the study has examined the overall diaspora contribution to
humanitarian and development terms.
The study finds that the family remittance recipients benefit from the remittance in
terms of some savings, creating other income generating activities including new migration of
the members of the recipients. As there is huge unemployment in the region, new migration
has the potential that the recipients have sustainable remittances and the migration is
strategically planed and intended to be income diversification. When it comes to the
investments from the diaspora, this study finds that the non-recipients can’t benefit this type
of remittance due to the employing strategies from the owners given the fact that family and
clan members of the owner have the opportunity of employment. Another remittance
examined in this study is collective remittance to public goods and finds that the Diasporas
organizations are based on clan, and although they contribute to humanitarian aid however
there capacity are meager.
The study concludes that the non-recipients in general and the members of
marginalized clans in the region with less members abroad can’t benefit from remittances
significantly and there is huge unequal distribution of remittances.