Statistisk sentralbyrå har for 2018 gjennomført en utvalgsbasert undersøkelser for å kartlegge br... more Statistisk sentralbyrå har for 2018 gjennomført en utvalgsbasert undersøkelser for å kartlegge bruk av mineral- og husdyrgjødsel. Denne rapporten presenterer metode og resultater for denne undersøkelsen
The study analyzes cost and utility-cost effective use of government funds for voluntary conserva... more The study analyzes cost and utility-cost effective use of government funds for voluntary conservation and government initiated conservation of forest in Norway from 2005 to 2013, to better understand bias in voluntary conservation when compared to government initiated conservation of forested areas. This is accomplished by estimating a mean opportunity cost for a decare of productive forest for the counties included in the analysis, and to compute solutions to a optimization problem, where the different criteria of effectiveness were chosen, to 1) evaluate if and how the two conservation policies differ, and 2) determine the bias of the effectiveness criteria, using cost effective criteria, and three utility-cost effectiveness criteria, targeting: old-growth forest, areas under harvesting pressure, and areas with old-growth forest not under pressure from harvest. Using contemporary available data for: prices, forest and forest distribution, and conservation. The results indicate tha...
Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway, as half of the species ... more Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway, as half of the species have forests as their main habitat and many are in decline. We investigate benefits and costs over a 50-year period of increasing forest conservation from 1.4% of the productive forest area (the situation in 2007) to 2.8% (doubling), 4.5% (‘ecologists’ minimum’) and 10% (one goal suggested in public debate). The benefits are estimated based on a national contingent valuation (CV) survey of Norwegian households. Two independent measures of total costs are used: (1) the actual compensation amounts paid to forest owners and (2) results from a survey of forest owners’ minimum willingness to accept compensation to preserve. Results show that social benefits outweigh costs of the three conservation plans by a large margin. The middle option of 4.5% has the highest net present value. This result is robust to a range of assumptions, including considerations of potential hypothetical bias in willingness to pay estimates. The results of this costbenefit analysis reflect the preferences of the general population, the authorities and the forest owners with respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists.
Statistisk sentralbyrå har for 2018 gjennomført en utvalgsbasert undersøkelser for å kartlegge br... more Statistisk sentralbyrå har for 2018 gjennomført en utvalgsbasert undersøkelser for å kartlegge bruk av mineral- og husdyrgjødsel. Denne rapporten presenterer metode og resultater for denne undersøkelsen
The study analyzes cost and utility-cost effective use of government funds for voluntary conserva... more The study analyzes cost and utility-cost effective use of government funds for voluntary conservation and government initiated conservation of forest in Norway from 2005 to 2013, to better understand bias in voluntary conservation when compared to government initiated conservation of forested areas. This is accomplished by estimating a mean opportunity cost for a decare of productive forest for the counties included in the analysis, and to compute solutions to a optimization problem, where the different criteria of effectiveness were chosen, to 1) evaluate if and how the two conservation policies differ, and 2) determine the bias of the effectiveness criteria, using cost effective criteria, and three utility-cost effectiveness criteria, targeting: old-growth forest, areas under harvesting pressure, and areas with old-growth forest not under pressure from harvest. Using contemporary available data for: prices, forest and forest distribution, and conservation. The results indicate tha...
Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway, as half of the species ... more Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway, as half of the species have forests as their main habitat and many are in decline. We investigate benefits and costs over a 50-year period of increasing forest conservation from 1.4% of the productive forest area (the situation in 2007) to 2.8% (doubling), 4.5% (‘ecologists’ minimum’) and 10% (one goal suggested in public debate). The benefits are estimated based on a national contingent valuation (CV) survey of Norwegian households. Two independent measures of total costs are used: (1) the actual compensation amounts paid to forest owners and (2) results from a survey of forest owners’ minimum willingness to accept compensation to preserve. Results show that social benefits outweigh costs of the three conservation plans by a large margin. The middle option of 4.5% has the highest net present value. This result is robust to a range of assumptions, including considerations of potential hypothetical bias in willingness to pay estimates. The results of this costbenefit analysis reflect the preferences of the general population, the authorities and the forest owners with respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists.
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respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists.
respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists.