Top 10 food groups contributing to sodium intake, Table S1B. Top 10 food groups contributing to a... more Top 10 food groups contributing to sodium intake, Table S1B. Top 10 food groups contributing to added sugar intake. (DOCX 14Â kb)
To identify whether psychosocial stress exposure during early childhood predicts subsequent incre... more To identify whether psychosocial stress exposure during early childhood predicts subsequent increased eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. This was an observational longitudinal study. Among 207 low-income children (54.6% non-Hispanic white, 46.9% girls), early childhood stress exposure was measured by parent report and a stress exposure index calculated, with higher scores indicating more stress exposure. Eating behaviors were measured in early (mean, 4.3; standard deviation, 0.5 years) and middle (mean, 7.9; standard deviation, 0.7 years) childhood. Observed EAH was assessed by measuring kilocalories of palatable food the child consumed after a meal. Parents reported on child eating behaviors on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Child weight and height were measured and body mass index z score (BMIz) calculated. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for child sex, race/ethnicity, and BMIz, was used to ...
Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may d... more Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may differ across cultures. However, are preschoolers’ biological systems also responsive to situational contexts and cultures? Here we show that children’s neurobiological stress responses, as indexed by salivary cortisol, are activated and responsive to psychosocial stressors relevant to their socio-cultural emphases. By examining cortisol changes across different contexts among 138 preschoolers living in the United States, China and Japan, we found that an achievement-related stressor elicited an increased cortisol response among Chinese preschoolers, whereas interpersonal-related stressors elicited an increased cortisol response among Japanese preschoolers. Contrastingly, US preschoolers showed decreased cortisol responses after these stressors, but consistently showed higher levels of anticipatory responses to separation at the beginning of each session. Our findings suggest that childre...
Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may d... more Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may differ across cultures. However, are preschoolers’ biological systems also responsive to situational contexts and cultures? Here we show that children’s neurobiological stress responses, as indexed by salivary cortisol, are activated and responsive to psychosocial stressors relevant to their socio-cultural emphases. By examining cortisol changes across different contexts among 138 preschoolers living in the United States, China and Japan, we found that an achievement-related stressor elicited an increased cortisol response among Chinese preschoolers, whereas interpersonal-related stressors elicited an increased cortisol response among Japanese preschoolers. Contrastingly, US preschoolers showed decreased cortisol responses after these stressors, but consistently showed higher levels of anticipatory responses to separation at the beginning of each session. Our findings suggest that childre...
Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this st... more Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this study were to investigatematernal concern for child overeating, to identify associated participant characteristics and to determineif concern for child overeating is associated with maternal feeding practices. Low-income mothers (N =289) of children (mean age 70.8 months) participated in a semi-structured interview. Themes of maternal concernfor child overeating were identified and a coding scheme was reliably applied. Maternal feeding practiceswere measured by questionnaire and videotaped eating interactions. Logistic regressions were used to test theassociations of participant characteristics with the presence of each theme, and bivariate analyses were used totest the associations of the presence of each theme with feeding practices. Three themes were identified:1)mothersworry that their child does overeat, 2) mothers acknowledge that their child may overeat but indicatethat it is not pr...
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine mat... more ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine maternal and child correlates ofmaternal concern for undereating; and determine whethermaternal concern for undereating is associated with feedingpractices.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of an observationalstudy with 286 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 71months). Maternal concern for undereating was assessed usinga semistructured interview. Mothers completed questionnairesto assess picky eating, food neophobia, and feeding practices.Feeding practices were further assessed using videotaped mealtimeobservations. Logistic regression was used to assess the associationof maternal and child characteristics with maternalconcern for undereating. Regression was used to assess the associationof maternal concern for undereating with feedingpractices, controlling for covariates.RESULTS: Over a third of mothers (36.5%) expressed concernthat their child does not eat enough. Correlates o...
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, ye... more Objective The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, yet its impacts on families of youth with chronic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), are not well understood. Self-regulation (SR)—or the capacities to control emotions, cognition, and behavior in response to challenge—is known to support T1D management and coping in the face of stress. Strong SR may have protected youth with T1D from the impacts of pandemic-related stressors. This study compared youth and parent emotional functioning and T1D management before and after the pandemic’s onset in relation to family pandemic-related stress and youth SR. Methods Parents of youth with T1D (N = 88) and a subset of these youth (N = 43; Mean age 15.3 years [SD 2.2]) completed surveys regarding SR, stress, emotional functioning, and T1D-related functioning prior to and after March 2020. Outcomes were compared using mixed effects models adjusting for covariates. Family pandemic-related stress...
Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this st... more Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this study were to investigatematernal concern for child overeating, to identify associated participant characteristics and to determineif concern for child overeating is associated with maternal feeding practices. Low-income mothers (N =289) of children (mean age 70.8 months) participated in a semi-structured interview. Themes of maternal concernfor child overeating were identified and a coding scheme was reliably applied. Maternal feeding practiceswere measured by questionnaire and videotaped eating interactions. Logistic regressions were used to test theassociations of participant characteristics with the presence of each theme, and bivariate analyses were used totest the associations of the presence of each theme with feeding practices. Three themes were identified:1)mothersworry that their child does overeat, 2) mothers acknowledge that their child may overeat but indicatethat it is not pr...
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine mat... more ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine maternal and child correlates ofmaternal concern for undereating; and determine whethermaternal concern for undereating is associated with feedingpractices.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of an observationalstudy with 286 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 71months). Maternal concern for undereating was assessed usinga semistructured interview. Mothers completed questionnairesto assess picky eating, food neophobia, and feeding practices.Feeding practices were further assessed using videotaped mealtimeobservations. Logistic regression was used to assess the associationof maternal and child characteristics with maternalconcern for undereating. Regression was used to assess the associationof maternal concern for undereating with feedingpractices, controlling for covariates.RESULTS: Over a third of mothers (36.5%) expressed concernthat their child does not eat enough. Correlates o...
AbstractBackground: Mothers are important mediators of children's physical activity (PA) leve... more AbstractBackground: Mothers are important mediators of children's physical activity (PA) level and risk of obesity, howeverprevious studies of maternal perceptions of child PA have been limited. Furthermore, it is unknown if maternalperceptions of child PA are predicted by family, mother and child characteristics. Therefore objectives of this studywere to 1) evaluate maternal perceptions of PA in their children and 2) test associations of family, mother and childcharacteristics with these perceptions.Methods: 278 low-income mothers of children (mean age 70.9 months) participated in an audio-tapedsemi-structured interview. Transcripts were systematically analyzed using the constant comparative method andthemes were generated. A coding scheme to classify the themes appearing in each transcript was developed andreliably applied. Anthropometrics were measured. Demographics and questionnaires (the Confusion, Hubbub andOrder Scale, The Parenting Scale, and the Child Behavior Questionn...
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621994233 for Are Preschoolers' Neurobiol... more Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621994233 for Are Preschoolers' Neurobiological Stress Systems Responsive to Culturally Relevant Contexts? by Ka I Ip, Barbara Felt, Li Wang, Mayumi Karasawa, Hidemi Hirabayashi, Midori Kazama, Sheryl Olson, Alison Miller and Twila Tardif in Psychological Science
Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol an... more Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol an... more Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eati... more Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eating in the absence of hunger at 21, 27, and 33Â months. (DOCX 55Â kb)
Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eati... more Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eating in the absence of hunger at 21, 27, and 33Â months. (DOCX 55Â kb)
Top 10 food groups contributing to sodium intake, Table S1B. Top 10 food groups contributing to a... more Top 10 food groups contributing to sodium intake, Table S1B. Top 10 food groups contributing to added sugar intake. (DOCX 14Â kb)
To identify whether psychosocial stress exposure during early childhood predicts subsequent incre... more To identify whether psychosocial stress exposure during early childhood predicts subsequent increased eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. This was an observational longitudinal study. Among 207 low-income children (54.6% non-Hispanic white, 46.9% girls), early childhood stress exposure was measured by parent report and a stress exposure index calculated, with higher scores indicating more stress exposure. Eating behaviors were measured in early (mean, 4.3; standard deviation, 0.5 years) and middle (mean, 7.9; standard deviation, 0.7 years) childhood. Observed EAH was assessed by measuring kilocalories of palatable food the child consumed after a meal. Parents reported on child eating behaviors on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Child weight and height were measured and body mass index z score (BMIz) calculated. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for child sex, race/ethnicity, and BMIz, was used to ...
Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may d... more Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may differ across cultures. However, are preschoolers’ biological systems also responsive to situational contexts and cultures? Here we show that children’s neurobiological stress responses, as indexed by salivary cortisol, are activated and responsive to psychosocial stressors relevant to their socio-cultural emphases. By examining cortisol changes across different contexts among 138 preschoolers living in the United States, China and Japan, we found that an achievement-related stressor elicited an increased cortisol response among Chinese preschoolers, whereas interpersonal-related stressors elicited an increased cortisol response among Japanese preschoolers. Contrastingly, US preschoolers showed decreased cortisol responses after these stressors, but consistently showed higher levels of anticipatory responses to separation at the beginning of each session. Our findings suggest that childre...
Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may d... more Adults are biologically responsive to context, and their responses to particular situations may differ across cultures. However, are preschoolers’ biological systems also responsive to situational contexts and cultures? Here we show that children’s neurobiological stress responses, as indexed by salivary cortisol, are activated and responsive to psychosocial stressors relevant to their socio-cultural emphases. By examining cortisol changes across different contexts among 138 preschoolers living in the United States, China and Japan, we found that an achievement-related stressor elicited an increased cortisol response among Chinese preschoolers, whereas interpersonal-related stressors elicited an increased cortisol response among Japanese preschoolers. Contrastingly, US preschoolers showed decreased cortisol responses after these stressors, but consistently showed higher levels of anticipatory responses to separation at the beginning of each session. Our findings suggest that childre...
Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this st... more Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this study were to investigatematernal concern for child overeating, to identify associated participant characteristics and to determineif concern for child overeating is associated with maternal feeding practices. Low-income mothers (N =289) of children (mean age 70.8 months) participated in a semi-structured interview. Themes of maternal concernfor child overeating were identified and a coding scheme was reliably applied. Maternal feeding practiceswere measured by questionnaire and videotaped eating interactions. Logistic regressions were used to test theassociations of participant characteristics with the presence of each theme, and bivariate analyses were used totest the associations of the presence of each theme with feeding practices. Three themes were identified:1)mothersworry that their child does overeat, 2) mothers acknowledge that their child may overeat but indicatethat it is not pr...
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine mat... more ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine maternal and child correlates ofmaternal concern for undereating; and determine whethermaternal concern for undereating is associated with feedingpractices.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of an observationalstudy with 286 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 71months). Maternal concern for undereating was assessed usinga semistructured interview. Mothers completed questionnairesto assess picky eating, food neophobia, and feeding practices.Feeding practices were further assessed using videotaped mealtimeobservations. Logistic regression was used to assess the associationof maternal and child characteristics with maternalconcern for undereating. Regression was used to assess the associationof maternal concern for undereating with feedingpractices, controlling for covariates.RESULTS: Over a third of mothers (36.5%) expressed concernthat their child does not eat enough. Correlates o...
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, ye... more Objective The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, yet its impacts on families of youth with chronic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), are not well understood. Self-regulation (SR)—or the capacities to control emotions, cognition, and behavior in response to challenge—is known to support T1D management and coping in the face of stress. Strong SR may have protected youth with T1D from the impacts of pandemic-related stressors. This study compared youth and parent emotional functioning and T1D management before and after the pandemic’s onset in relation to family pandemic-related stress and youth SR. Methods Parents of youth with T1D (N = 88) and a subset of these youth (N = 43; Mean age 15.3 years [SD 2.2]) completed surveys regarding SR, stress, emotional functioning, and T1D-related functioning prior to and after March 2020. Outcomes were compared using mixed effects models adjusting for covariates. Family pandemic-related stress...
Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this st... more Addressing overeating is essential to obesity treatment and prevention. The objectives of this study were to investigatematernal concern for child overeating, to identify associated participant characteristics and to determineif concern for child overeating is associated with maternal feeding practices. Low-income mothers (N =289) of children (mean age 70.8 months) participated in a semi-structured interview. Themes of maternal concernfor child overeating were identified and a coding scheme was reliably applied. Maternal feeding practiceswere measured by questionnaire and videotaped eating interactions. Logistic regressions were used to test theassociations of participant characteristics with the presence of each theme, and bivariate analyses were used totest the associations of the presence of each theme with feeding practices. Three themes were identified:1)mothersworry that their child does overeat, 2) mothers acknowledge that their child may overeat but indicatethat it is not pr...
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine mat... more ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe features of maternal concern for herchild undereating; examine maternal and child correlates ofmaternal concern for undereating; and determine whethermaternal concern for undereating is associated with feedingpractices.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of an observationalstudy with 286 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 71months). Maternal concern for undereating was assessed usinga semistructured interview. Mothers completed questionnairesto assess picky eating, food neophobia, and feeding practices.Feeding practices were further assessed using videotaped mealtimeobservations. Logistic regression was used to assess the associationof maternal and child characteristics with maternalconcern for undereating. Regression was used to assess the associationof maternal concern for undereating with feedingpractices, controlling for covariates.RESULTS: Over a third of mothers (36.5%) expressed concernthat their child does not eat enough. Correlates o...
AbstractBackground: Mothers are important mediators of children's physical activity (PA) leve... more AbstractBackground: Mothers are important mediators of children's physical activity (PA) level and risk of obesity, howeverprevious studies of maternal perceptions of child PA have been limited. Furthermore, it is unknown if maternalperceptions of child PA are predicted by family, mother and child characteristics. Therefore objectives of this studywere to 1) evaluate maternal perceptions of PA in their children and 2) test associations of family, mother and childcharacteristics with these perceptions.Methods: 278 low-income mothers of children (mean age 70.9 months) participated in an audio-tapedsemi-structured interview. Transcripts were systematically analyzed using the constant comparative method andthemes were generated. A coding scheme to classify the themes appearing in each transcript was developed andreliably applied. Anthropometrics were measured. Demographics and questionnaires (the Confusion, Hubbub andOrder Scale, The Parenting Scale, and the Child Behavior Questionn...
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621994233 for Are Preschoolers' Neurobiol... more Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621994233 for Are Preschoolers' Neurobiological Stress Systems Responsive to Culturally Relevant Contexts? by Ka I Ip, Barbara Felt, Li Wang, Mayumi Karasawa, Hidemi Hirabayashi, Midori Kazama, Sheryl Olson, Alison Miller and Twila Tardif in Psychological Science
Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol an... more Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol an... more Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eati... more Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eating in the absence of hunger at 21, 27, and 33Â months. (DOCX 55Â kb)
Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eati... more Unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for maternal restrictive feeding and childrenâ s eating in the absence of hunger at 21, 27, and 33Â months. (DOCX 55Â kb)
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