How do ideas evolve in the context of collaborative design? This research explores the framing st... more How do ideas evolve in the context of collaborative design? This research explores the framing strategies and tools involved in the co-construction of a shared understanding in the early stages of a design project. We observed a team of four industrial design students working to design a popup shop. We found that, while the key design elements of the solution were present from the early stages of discussion, they were continually framed and reframed through intense verbal discussion supported by sketching reflection-in-action (individual or collective) that help each team member make sense about the popup shop branding, user experience, visibility, structure, etc. The design ideas were crystallized at the end of the fourth working session. The research presents the cycle of framing and reframing of ideas that emerged from different symbolic elements associated with a brand, allowing students to design customized, non-standard, impressive and complex forms.
Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et ma... more Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et maximise ses capacités informationnelles et du savoir. Les résultats indiquent qu'en termes d'utilisation de l'information, de culture et de gestion, les répondants estiment pouvoir ...
Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008
This research explores the link between information culture and information use in three organiza... more This research explores the link between information culture and information use in three organizations. We ask if there is a way to systematically identify information behaviors and values that can characterize the information culture of an organization, and whether this culture has an effect on information use outcomes. The primary method of data collection was a questionnaire survey that was applied to a national law firm, a public health agency, and an engineering company. Over 650 persons in the three organizations answered the survey. Data analysis suggests that the questionnaire instrument was able to elicit information behaviors and values that denote an organization's information culture. Moreover, the information behaviors and values of each organization were able to explain 30–50% of the variance in information use outcomes. We conclude that it is possible to identify behaviors and values that describe an organization's information culture, and that the sets of identified behaviors and values can account for significant proportions of the variance in information use outcomes.
The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Invest... more The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Investigation Brian Detlor1, Umar Ruhi1, Ofir Turel1, Pierrette Bergeron2, Chun Wei Choo3, Lorna Heaton2, Scott Paquette3 1DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, ...
Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et ma... more Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et maximise ses capacités informationnelles et du savoir. Les résultats indiquent qu'en termes d'utilisation de l'information, de culture et de gestion, les répondants estiment pouvoir utiliser efficacement l'information pour réaliser leur travail, qu'il est utile à l'organisation et que le partage de l'information est essentiel pour
The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Invest... more The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Investigation Brian Detlor1, Umar Ruhi1, Ofir Turel1, Pierrette Bergeron2, Chun Wei Choo3, Lorna Heaton2, Scott Paquette3 1DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, ...
Cet article décrit une activité intensive de design collaboratif et interdisciplinaire. Dans le b... more Cet article décrit une activité intensive de design collaboratif et interdisciplinaire. Dans le but de cerner comment des professionnels expérimentés en viennent à conjuguer leurs efforts pour élaborer une solution de design, nous avons observé une équipe d’une vingtaine de personnes qui ont travaillé pendant 24 heures (marathon) pour concevoir et produire un site Web pour une fondation à but non lucratif. Nous nous intéressons aux processus de cadrage, décadrage et recadrage dans le contexte de cette pratique collaborative. Notre analyse se base sur des enregistrements audio et vidéo, des photos et les notes d’observation. Nous portons une attention particulière à la manière dont les participants ont interprété et mis en action l’approche Agile, une nouvelle approche de travail pour l’agence de design.
In response to the growing complexity of design projects, for example in digital strategy situati... more In response to the growing complexity of design projects, for example in digital strategy situations, designers work increasingly in teams. In the context of collaborative design, this paper asks how design activities are shared among team members who drawn on various expertise. We report on a 24-hour work marathon in which 25 members of a design agency developed a Web design for a local nonprofit association. The team adopted a work process based on Agile programming ideals that was new to them. This organizational innovation caused some confusion. We highlight two points produced by this novelty, and time pressures. Firstly, participants discussed the process or how to go about things throughout the duration of activity; secondly, the idea generation process did not precede discussion of how to do things, but seemed to follow it. Although they were made in an exceptional situation, these two observations suggest a need to reconsider collaboration challenges in interdisciplinary design teams and to examine whether design models developed for individual designers adequately represent the collaborative design process.
This article provides a case study of a participatory science project that involved collecting ob... more This article provides a case study of a participatory science project that involved collecting observations of a giant grasshopper and registering them online. Our objective is to reflect on conditions for meaningful amateur engagement on Web 2.0 science platforms. Our overall approach is qualitative and ethnographically informed and draws on multiple data sources collected over a period of 18 months: semi-structured interviews, observations, statistical analysis of online activity, and document analysis. We identify a number of factors that enable widespread participation in this naturalist inquiry, organized by Observatoire Naturaliste des E ´ cosyste`mes Me´diterrane´ens. Our findings illustrate how the association’s double goals of stimulating an appreciation for nature and increasing scientific knowledge of the species under investigation are articulated as both naturalists and the general public participate. This double objective and the inquiry’s locus of control—neither scientist-driven nor grassroots-based—lead us to call for a refinement of existing typologies of participatory science projects. This case illustrates how even low-level participation (crowdsourcing type) can produce significant results—not only in terms of generating scientific knowledge, but also in increasing public engagement with science.
This paper discusses the work of a group whose mission is to encourage the development and use of... more This paper discusses the work of a group whose mission is to encourage the development and use of collaborative tools by associative movements. Outils-Réseaux's approach to software and tool development focuses on accompanying and training the groups it works with rather than simply providing technical solutions. Use of collaborative tools by a group is viewed as secondary, and subsequent, to a group's experience with cooperation. The article focuses in particular on a recent experiment among a group of citizens in Brest, France.
This perspective explores the production of user-generated
content by contrasting two analyses th... more This perspective explores the production of user-generated content by contrasting two analyses that are convergent in some respects, divergent in others. In our first line of analysis we use the work of Negri (1996) and Moulier-Boutang (2007) on “cognitive capitalism” to extend some elements explored by Fuchs (2010; 2012) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) on labor and value. This approach foregrounds the adaptability of capitalism and suggests that workers are endowed with “an inventive subjective power” that simultaneously influences and reproduces the mode of production. Our second line of analysis explores the later work of Andre Gorz (1997; 2003), who invites us to imagine a society in which social relationships would no longer be determined by the laws of the market, a postmarket utopia. This approach points to the importance of collective organization and relational value production of user-generated content and suggests recentering the debate not around individuals and their labor, but on the web of affective connections between them.
La multiplication sur le web des plateformes collaboratives consacrées
à des savoirs spécialisés,... more La multiplication sur le web des plateformes collaboratives consacrées à des savoirs spécialisés, comme la médecine ou la botanique, suscite de nombreux débats sur la place des spécialistes et des profanes dans chacun de ces domaines. Ces débats mettent en lumière des asymétries concernant la production de savoirs qui peuvent être destinés ou non à guider l’action publique
How do ideas evolve in the context of collaborative design? This research explores the framing st... more How do ideas evolve in the context of collaborative design? This research explores the framing strategies and tools involved in the co-construction of a shared understanding in the early stages of a design project. We observed a team of four industrial design students working to design a popup shop. We found that, while the key design elements of the solution were present from the early stages of discussion, they were continually framed and reframed through intense verbal discussion supported by sketching reflection-in-action (individual or collective) that help each team member make sense about the popup shop branding, user experience, visibility, structure, etc. The design ideas were crystallized at the end of the fourth working session. The research presents the cycle of framing and reframing of ideas that emerged from different symbolic elements associated with a brand, allowing students to design customized, non-standard, impressive and complex forms.
Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et ma... more Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et maximise ses capacités informationnelles et du savoir. Les résultats indiquent qu'en termes d'utilisation de l'information, de culture et de gestion, les répondants estiment pouvoir ...
Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008
This research explores the link between information culture and information use in three organiza... more This research explores the link between information culture and information use in three organizations. We ask if there is a way to systematically identify information behaviors and values that can characterize the information culture of an organization, and whether this culture has an effect on information use outcomes. The primary method of data collection was a questionnaire survey that was applied to a national law firm, a public health agency, and an engineering company. Over 650 persons in the three organizations answered the survey. Data analysis suggests that the questionnaire instrument was able to elicit information behaviors and values that denote an organization's information culture. Moreover, the information behaviors and values of each organization were able to explain 30–50% of the variance in information use outcomes. We conclude that it is possible to identify behaviors and values that describe an organization's information culture, and that the sets of identified behaviors and values can account for significant proportions of the variance in information use outcomes.
The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Invest... more The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Investigation Brian Detlor1, Umar Ruhi1, Ofir Turel1, Pierrette Bergeron2, Chun Wei Choo3, Lorna Heaton2, Scott Paquette3 1DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, ...
Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et ma... more Résumé : Cet article présente comment une organisation à haute intensité de savoir mobilise et maximise ses capacités informationnelles et du savoir. Les résultats indiquent qu'en termes d'utilisation de l'information, de culture et de gestion, les répondants estiment pouvoir utiliser efficacement l'information pour réaliser leur travail, qu'il est utile à l'organisation et que le partage de l'information est essentiel pour
The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Invest... more The Effect of Knowledge Management Context on Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Investigation Brian Detlor1, Umar Ruhi1, Ofir Turel1, Pierrette Bergeron2, Chun Wei Choo3, Lorna Heaton2, Scott Paquette3 1DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, ...
Cet article décrit une activité intensive de design collaboratif et interdisciplinaire. Dans le b... more Cet article décrit une activité intensive de design collaboratif et interdisciplinaire. Dans le but de cerner comment des professionnels expérimentés en viennent à conjuguer leurs efforts pour élaborer une solution de design, nous avons observé une équipe d’une vingtaine de personnes qui ont travaillé pendant 24 heures (marathon) pour concevoir et produire un site Web pour une fondation à but non lucratif. Nous nous intéressons aux processus de cadrage, décadrage et recadrage dans le contexte de cette pratique collaborative. Notre analyse se base sur des enregistrements audio et vidéo, des photos et les notes d’observation. Nous portons une attention particulière à la manière dont les participants ont interprété et mis en action l’approche Agile, une nouvelle approche de travail pour l’agence de design.
In response to the growing complexity of design projects, for example in digital strategy situati... more In response to the growing complexity of design projects, for example in digital strategy situations, designers work increasingly in teams. In the context of collaborative design, this paper asks how design activities are shared among team members who drawn on various expertise. We report on a 24-hour work marathon in which 25 members of a design agency developed a Web design for a local nonprofit association. The team adopted a work process based on Agile programming ideals that was new to them. This organizational innovation caused some confusion. We highlight two points produced by this novelty, and time pressures. Firstly, participants discussed the process or how to go about things throughout the duration of activity; secondly, the idea generation process did not precede discussion of how to do things, but seemed to follow it. Although they were made in an exceptional situation, these two observations suggest a need to reconsider collaboration challenges in interdisciplinary design teams and to examine whether design models developed for individual designers adequately represent the collaborative design process.
This article provides a case study of a participatory science project that involved collecting ob... more This article provides a case study of a participatory science project that involved collecting observations of a giant grasshopper and registering them online. Our objective is to reflect on conditions for meaningful amateur engagement on Web 2.0 science platforms. Our overall approach is qualitative and ethnographically informed and draws on multiple data sources collected over a period of 18 months: semi-structured interviews, observations, statistical analysis of online activity, and document analysis. We identify a number of factors that enable widespread participation in this naturalist inquiry, organized by Observatoire Naturaliste des E ´ cosyste`mes Me´diterrane´ens. Our findings illustrate how the association’s double goals of stimulating an appreciation for nature and increasing scientific knowledge of the species under investigation are articulated as both naturalists and the general public participate. This double objective and the inquiry’s locus of control—neither scientist-driven nor grassroots-based—lead us to call for a refinement of existing typologies of participatory science projects. This case illustrates how even low-level participation (crowdsourcing type) can produce significant results—not only in terms of generating scientific knowledge, but also in increasing public engagement with science.
This paper discusses the work of a group whose mission is to encourage the development and use of... more This paper discusses the work of a group whose mission is to encourage the development and use of collaborative tools by associative movements. Outils-Réseaux's approach to software and tool development focuses on accompanying and training the groups it works with rather than simply providing technical solutions. Use of collaborative tools by a group is viewed as secondary, and subsequent, to a group's experience with cooperation. The article focuses in particular on a recent experiment among a group of citizens in Brest, France.
This perspective explores the production of user-generated
content by contrasting two analyses th... more This perspective explores the production of user-generated content by contrasting two analyses that are convergent in some respects, divergent in others. In our first line of analysis we use the work of Negri (1996) and Moulier-Boutang (2007) on “cognitive capitalism” to extend some elements explored by Fuchs (2010; 2012) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) on labor and value. This approach foregrounds the adaptability of capitalism and suggests that workers are endowed with “an inventive subjective power” that simultaneously influences and reproduces the mode of production. Our second line of analysis explores the later work of Andre Gorz (1997; 2003), who invites us to imagine a society in which social relationships would no longer be determined by the laws of the market, a postmarket utopia. This approach points to the importance of collective organization and relational value production of user-generated content and suggests recentering the debate not around individuals and their labor, but on the web of affective connections between them.
La multiplication sur le web des plateformes collaboratives consacrées
à des savoirs spécialisés,... more La multiplication sur le web des plateformes collaboratives consacrées à des savoirs spécialisés, comme la médecine ou la botanique, suscite de nombreux débats sur la place des spécialistes et des profanes dans chacun de ces domaines. Ces débats mettent en lumière des asymétries concernant la production de savoirs qui peuvent être destinés ou non à guider l’action publique
Uploads
drawn on various expertise. We report on a 24-hour work marathon in which 25 members of a design agency developed a Web design for a local nonprofit association. The team adopted a work process based on Agile programming ideals that was new to
them. This organizational innovation caused some confusion. We highlight two points produced by this novelty, and time pressures. Firstly, participants discussed the process or how to go about things throughout the duration of activity; secondly, the idea generation process did not precede discussion of how to do things, but seemed to follow it. Although they were made in an exceptional situation, these two observations suggest a need to
reconsider collaboration challenges in interdisciplinary design teams and to examine whether design models developed for individual designers adequately represent the collaborative
design process.
content by contrasting two analyses that are convergent in some
respects, divergent in others. In our first line of analysis we use
the work of Negri (1996) and Moulier-Boutang (2007) on
“cognitive capitalism” to extend some elements explored by Fuchs
(2010; 2012) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) on labor and
value. This approach foregrounds the adaptability of capitalism
and suggests that workers are endowed with “an inventive
subjective power” that simultaneously influences and reproduces
the mode of production. Our second line of analysis explores the
later work of Andre Gorz (1997; 2003), who invites us to imagine
a society in which social relationships would no longer be
determined by the laws of the market, a postmarket utopia. This
approach points to the importance of collective organization and
relational value production of user-generated content and suggests recentering the debate not around individuals and their labor, but on the web of affective connections between them.
à des savoirs spécialisés, comme la médecine ou la botanique,
suscite de nombreux débats sur la place des spécialistes et
des profanes dans chacun de ces domaines. Ces débats mettent en
lumière des asymétries concernant la production de savoirs qui
peuvent être destinés ou non à guider l’action publique
drawn on various expertise. We report on a 24-hour work marathon in which 25 members of a design agency developed a Web design for a local nonprofit association. The team adopted a work process based on Agile programming ideals that was new to
them. This organizational innovation caused some confusion. We highlight two points produced by this novelty, and time pressures. Firstly, participants discussed the process or how to go about things throughout the duration of activity; secondly, the idea generation process did not precede discussion of how to do things, but seemed to follow it. Although they were made in an exceptional situation, these two observations suggest a need to
reconsider collaboration challenges in interdisciplinary design teams and to examine whether design models developed for individual designers adequately represent the collaborative
design process.
content by contrasting two analyses that are convergent in some
respects, divergent in others. In our first line of analysis we use
the work of Negri (1996) and Moulier-Boutang (2007) on
“cognitive capitalism” to extend some elements explored by Fuchs
(2010; 2012) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) on labor and
value. This approach foregrounds the adaptability of capitalism
and suggests that workers are endowed with “an inventive
subjective power” that simultaneously influences and reproduces
the mode of production. Our second line of analysis explores the
later work of Andre Gorz (1997; 2003), who invites us to imagine
a society in which social relationships would no longer be
determined by the laws of the market, a postmarket utopia. This
approach points to the importance of collective organization and
relational value production of user-generated content and suggests recentering the debate not around individuals and their labor, but on the web of affective connections between them.
à des savoirs spécialisés, comme la médecine ou la botanique,
suscite de nombreux débats sur la place des spécialistes et
des profanes dans chacun de ces domaines. Ces débats mettent en
lumière des asymétries concernant la production de savoirs qui
peuvent être destinés ou non à guider l’action publique