Turkemans is one of the ethnic groups who live in north east of Iran. The majority of them lives ... more Turkemans is one of the ethnic groups who live in north east of Iran. The majority of them lives in Golestan and North Khorasan Provinces. About half of Golestan province population is Turkemans. At first, we try to measure national identity tendency among them Second ...
Introduction: Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behavi... more Introduction: Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behaviors. However, there is limited information about its relationship with childbearing. Objective: This study aimed to explore female healthcare providers' experiences of childbearing based on the social capital theory. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 on 15 female healthcare workers in healthcare centers in Babol City, Iran. The participants were purposively recruited with maximum variation respecting their age, work experience, educational level, and occupation. The study data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews and analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants were female healthcare providers working in hospitals or healthcare centers of the University of Medical Science. Their mean±SD age and work experience were 35±8.25 and 10±7.5 years, respectively. The extracted codes du...
The main purpose of this study is to describe gender differences in body image and to explore the... more The main purpose of this study is to describe gender differences in body image and to explore the influences of psychosocial factors on it. The study has been conducted via survey method and data collected by self-administered questionnaire. The universe of the study was all students of the University of Mazandaran in 2010. Overall, 360 students (130 male and 230 female, M= 22) were chosen through availability sampling method. Descriptive results of the study show a significant gender difference in the body image satisfaction, that is; young females are more satisfied bodily than males. Moreover, analytical results indicate that; such variables as appeareance orientation (body investment), body surveillance, body shame and self esteem could predict body image satisfaction among total sample, significantly. However, there is a significant gender difference regarding body shame, namely; in addition to self-esteem and body investment, females’ body image satisfaction was predicted by level of body shame (as a subscale of self-objectification). This may reflect the high pressure of social expectation about ideal body on the females. Furthermore, there is a gender difference on the level of body investment, showing that compred to males, young females report greater investment on their bodies and engage in extensive grooming behaviors. Finally, self esteem results to higher levels of both body image satisfaction and body areas satisfaction.
Trust is one of the most important ongoing topics in social capital research and its importance h... more Trust is one of the most important ongoing topics in social capital research and its importance has long been emphasized by social and political theorists from Locke and Tocqueville to Putnam and civil society’s theorists. The present research seeks to study the impact of media consumption (local and satellite televisions) on the social trust. The universe of the study was all of the enrolled students of Mazandaran University which 400 students through proportionate stratified sampling method have been selected as sample of the study. The required data has been gathered by self administered questionnaire and data were analyzed via SPSS software. Research findings indicate that while there is no significant relationship between watching local TV and social trust, watching satellite TV is related to social trust, negatively. Furthermore, there is positive relationship between watching local TV and the participation in voluntary associations, positive attitude towards law administration and justice feeling, but watching satellite TV has negative relationship with the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, and justice feelings, as well as positive relationship with opportunism. Moreover, some variables such as the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, positive attitude toward law administration, and justice feeling all were positively, and opportunism was negatively related to social trust. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis indicate that after the variable of justice feeling which has the most significant impact on the social trust, the variables of reciprocity norms and opportunism are placed in the next rankings.
This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes... more This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes toward violence against women. This study was conducted using a survey method among 400 male students of public universities in Mazandaran province who were selected based on stratified probabilistic sampling method and using theories of Liberal Feminism and Social Learning. The results revealed that the majority of participants (72/5%) had a negative, more than 26% of them had a medium, and more than 1% of them had a positive attitude toward violence against women. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis show that the independent variables of perceived norm qualities of significant others, traditional attitudes towards women, perceived reaction qualities of significant others, perceived rewards, and traditional marital role expectations, respectively have the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In general, the results confirm the propositions of the theories of liberal feminism and social learning and they show that the issue of violence against women and the attitudes toward it, is not inevitable, rather it is created under
Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful ... more Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful in practice but each file may have many adverse consequences for doctors and patient and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of medical malpractice lawsuit on doctors and their practice. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study conducted by Problem-centered interview and convenience sampling. Participants were 15 physicians who were summoned to Dispute Resolution Council. After declaring the informed consent, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with each doctor. Data was analyzed by encoding and categorization. Results: Psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; professional effects include time loss and absence from work, social consequence like loss of reputation, family members' concern were the deleterious effects of complaints against physicians. Also changing the practice to defensive medicine is an important consequence...
Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful ... more Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful in practice but each file may have many adverse consequences for doctors and patient and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of medical malpractice lawsuit on doctors and their practice. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study conducted by Problem-centered interview and convenience sampling. Participants were 15 physicians who were summoned to Dispute Resolution Council. After declaring the informed consent, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with each doctor. Data was analyzed by encoding and categorization. Results: Psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; professional effects include time loss and absence from work, social consequence like loss of reputation, family members’ concern were the deleterious effects of complaints against physicians. Also changing the practice to defensive medicine is an important consequence of ...
Background: The epidemic of obesity has turned into a major global health challenge. Environmenta... more Background: The epidemic of obesity has turned into a major global health challenge. Environmental and social factors such as social capital, can significantly affect obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of social capital with overweight and obesity among female health-care workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 680 female health-care workers who were randomly selected from healthcare settings affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Workplace Social Capital (WSC) questionnaire. The SPSS Version 21 was employed to analyze the data through conducting the independent-sample t and the chi-square tests as well as the linear and the logistic regression analyses at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that age, marital status, satisfaction with economic status, and structural social capital were significant p...
The present study seeks to describe the acceptance rate of gender-related stereotypes (GRS) by yo... more The present study seeks to describe the acceptance rate of gender-related stereotypes (GRS) by young males and females, and also to explain the impact of some socio-familial factors on it. The study is conducted via survey method. 425 young males and females (out of 10944) who were under training in the Vocational Training Centers in the Mazandaran province have been selected randomly by means of multi stage random sampling method and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Gender-related stereotypes is considered as dependent variable and some socio-familial factors have been treated as independent variables. The findings of the study showed that there were significant gender differences in the acceptance rate of GRS. However, instrumental traits such as; active, full of energy, independent, aggressive, manager, strong, and powerful have been attributed to men, whereas such expressive traits as emotional, sensitive, attractive, peaceful, anxious, disturbed, dependent, forbearing and patient have been ascribed to women. Furthermore, there were significant associations between the acceptance rate of GRS with gender, place of residence, level of education, family income, and severity of parents. Finally, the multivariate regression analysis of data revealed that the acceptance rate of GRS was under influence of marital status, socio-economic status of family, traditional gender-related attitude, and traditional job-related attitude.
Turkemans is one of the ethnic groups who live in north east of Iran. The majority of them lives ... more Turkemans is one of the ethnic groups who live in north east of Iran. The majority of them lives in Golestan and North Khorasan Provinces. About half of Golestan province population is Turkemans. At first, we try to measure national identity tendency among them Second ...
Introduction: Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behavi... more Introduction: Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behaviors. However, there is limited information about its relationship with childbearing. Objective: This study aimed to explore female healthcare providers' experiences of childbearing based on the social capital theory. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 on 15 female healthcare workers in healthcare centers in Babol City, Iran. The participants were purposively recruited with maximum variation respecting their age, work experience, educational level, and occupation. The study data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews and analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants were female healthcare providers working in hospitals or healthcare centers of the University of Medical Science. Their mean±SD age and work experience were 35±8.25 and 10±7.5 years, respectively. The extracted codes du...
The main purpose of this study is to describe gender differences in body image and to explore the... more The main purpose of this study is to describe gender differences in body image and to explore the influences of psychosocial factors on it. The study has been conducted via survey method and data collected by self-administered questionnaire. The universe of the study was all students of the University of Mazandaran in 2010. Overall, 360 students (130 male and 230 female, M= 22) were chosen through availability sampling method. Descriptive results of the study show a significant gender difference in the body image satisfaction, that is; young females are more satisfied bodily than males. Moreover, analytical results indicate that; such variables as appeareance orientation (body investment), body surveillance, body shame and self esteem could predict body image satisfaction among total sample, significantly. However, there is a significant gender difference regarding body shame, namely; in addition to self-esteem and body investment, females’ body image satisfaction was predicted by level of body shame (as a subscale of self-objectification). This may reflect the high pressure of social expectation about ideal body on the females. Furthermore, there is a gender difference on the level of body investment, showing that compred to males, young females report greater investment on their bodies and engage in extensive grooming behaviors. Finally, self esteem results to higher levels of both body image satisfaction and body areas satisfaction.
Trust is one of the most important ongoing topics in social capital research and its importance h... more Trust is one of the most important ongoing topics in social capital research and its importance has long been emphasized by social and political theorists from Locke and Tocqueville to Putnam and civil society’s theorists. The present research seeks to study the impact of media consumption (local and satellite televisions) on the social trust. The universe of the study was all of the enrolled students of Mazandaran University which 400 students through proportionate stratified sampling method have been selected as sample of the study. The required data has been gathered by self administered questionnaire and data were analyzed via SPSS software. Research findings indicate that while there is no significant relationship between watching local TV and social trust, watching satellite TV is related to social trust, negatively. Furthermore, there is positive relationship between watching local TV and the participation in voluntary associations, positive attitude towards law administration and justice feeling, but watching satellite TV has negative relationship with the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, and justice feelings, as well as positive relationship with opportunism. Moreover, some variables such as the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, positive attitude toward law administration, and justice feeling all were positively, and opportunism was negatively related to social trust. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis indicate that after the variable of justice feeling which has the most significant impact on the social trust, the variables of reciprocity norms and opportunism are placed in the next rankings.
This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes... more This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes toward violence against women. This study was conducted using a survey method among 400 male students of public universities in Mazandaran province who were selected based on stratified probabilistic sampling method and using theories of Liberal Feminism and Social Learning. The results revealed that the majority of participants (72/5%) had a negative, more than 26% of them had a medium, and more than 1% of them had a positive attitude toward violence against women. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis show that the independent variables of perceived norm qualities of significant others, traditional attitudes towards women, perceived reaction qualities of significant others, perceived rewards, and traditional marital role expectations, respectively have the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In general, the results confirm the propositions of the theories of liberal feminism and social learning and they show that the issue of violence against women and the attitudes toward it, is not inevitable, rather it is created under
Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful ... more Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful in practice but each file may have many adverse consequences for doctors and patient and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of medical malpractice lawsuit on doctors and their practice. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study conducted by Problem-centered interview and convenience sampling. Participants were 15 physicians who were summoned to Dispute Resolution Council. After declaring the informed consent, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with each doctor. Data was analyzed by encoding and categorization. Results: Psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; professional effects include time loss and absence from work, social consequence like loss of reputation, family members' concern were the deleterious effects of complaints against physicians. Also changing the practice to defensive medicine is an important consequence...
Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful ... more Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful in practice but each file may have many adverse consequences for doctors and patient and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of medical malpractice lawsuit on doctors and their practice. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study conducted by Problem-centered interview and convenience sampling. Participants were 15 physicians who were summoned to Dispute Resolution Council. After declaring the informed consent, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with each doctor. Data was analyzed by encoding and categorization. Results: Psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; professional effects include time loss and absence from work, social consequence like loss of reputation, family members’ concern were the deleterious effects of complaints against physicians. Also changing the practice to defensive medicine is an important consequence of ...
Background: The epidemic of obesity has turned into a major global health challenge. Environmenta... more Background: The epidemic of obesity has turned into a major global health challenge. Environmental and social factors such as social capital, can significantly affect obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of social capital with overweight and obesity among female health-care workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 680 female health-care workers who were randomly selected from healthcare settings affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Workplace Social Capital (WSC) questionnaire. The SPSS Version 21 was employed to analyze the data through conducting the independent-sample t and the chi-square tests as well as the linear and the logistic regression analyses at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that age, marital status, satisfaction with economic status, and structural social capital were significant p...
The present study seeks to describe the acceptance rate of gender-related stereotypes (GRS) by yo... more The present study seeks to describe the acceptance rate of gender-related stereotypes (GRS) by young males and females, and also to explain the impact of some socio-familial factors on it. The study is conducted via survey method. 425 young males and females (out of 10944) who were under training in the Vocational Training Centers in the Mazandaran province have been selected randomly by means of multi stage random sampling method and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Gender-related stereotypes is considered as dependent variable and some socio-familial factors have been treated as independent variables. The findings of the study showed that there were significant gender differences in the acceptance rate of GRS. However, instrumental traits such as; active, full of energy, independent, aggressive, manager, strong, and powerful have been attributed to men, whereas such expressive traits as emotional, sensitive, attractive, peaceful, anxious, disturbed, dependent, forbearing and patient have been ascribed to women. Furthermore, there were significant associations between the acceptance rate of GRS with gender, place of residence, level of education, family income, and severity of parents. Finally, the multivariate regression analysis of data revealed that the acceptance rate of GRS was under influence of marital status, socio-economic status of family, traditional gender-related attitude, and traditional job-related attitude.
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Papers by mohammad esmaeil riahi