A survey of 54 species of symbiotic cnidarians that included hydrozoan corals, anemones, gorgonia... more A survey of 54 species of symbiotic cnidarians that included hydrozoan corals, anemones, gorgonians and scleractinian corals was conducted in the Mexican Caribbean for the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the host as well as the Symbiodinium fractions. The host fractions contained relatively simple MAA profiles, all harbouring between one and three MAAs, principally mycosporine-glycine followed by shinorine and porphyra-334 in smaller amounts. Symbiodinium populations were identified to sub-generic levels using PCR-DGGE analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Regardless of clade identity, all Symbiodinium extracts contained MAAs, in contrast to the pattern that has been found in cultures of Symbiodinium, where clade A symbionts produced MAAs whereas clade B, C, D, and E symbionts did not. Under natural conditions between one and four MAAs were identified in the symbiont fractions, mycosporine-glycine (λ max = 310 nm), shinorine (λ max = 334 nm)...
The capacity of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to adapt to a changing climate relies in part on ... more The capacity of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to adapt to a changing climate relies in part on standing variation in host and symbiont populations, but rarely have the interactions between symbiotic partners been considered at the level of individuals. Here, we tested the importance of inter-individual variation with respect to the physiology of coral holobionts. We identified six genetically distinct Acropora palmata coral colonies that all shared the same isoclonal Symbiodinium 'fitti' dinoflagellate strain. No other Symbiodinium could be detected in host tissues. We exposed fragments of each colony to extreme cold and found that the stress-induced change in symbiont photochemical efficiency varied up to 3.6-fold depending on host genetic background. The S. 'fitti' strain was least stressed when associating with hosts that significantly altered the expression of 184 genes under cold shock; it was most stressed in hosts that only adjusted 14 genes. Key expression ...
Acropora palmata, es un coral escleractinio formador de arrecifes en el Caribe mexicano, cuyas po... more Acropora palmata, es un coral escleractinio formador de arrecifes en el Caribe mexicano, cuyas poblaciones se han deteriorado durante los últimos 30 años, razón por la cual, se incluyó en el listado dentro de la Norma Oficial Mexicano (NOM 059) como especie con protección especial. Utilizando el conocimiento reciente de estructura genética de Acropora palmata en el Caribe Mexicano, se llevó a cabo un experimento para estudiar la susceptibilidad diferencial de distintos parches de A. palmata al estrés térmico. Previo al verano 2014, se recolectaron fragmentos de 15 genotipos de A. palmata de tres sitios dentro y fuera del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos (La Bocana Chica, Limones y Punta Venado) y se aclimataron a la temperatura ambiental (28.5°C) en un sistema de acuarios. Después de su aclimatación, por duplicado, los fragmentos se dividieron en dos condiciones experimentales: temperatura ambiental (28.5°C) y temperatura elevada (31°C). Durante 21 días, se realizaron medi...
UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, 2003
... 1.1 Mucus 332 10.2. 1.2 Sporopollenin 332 10.2. ... For example, structural features such as ... more ... 1.1 Mucus 332 10.2. 1.2 Sporopollenin 332 10.2. ... For example, structural features such as shells and spines also provide protection from pred-ators. Other structural features include the production of mucous, sporopollenin and multiple-layered cell walls. 70.2. ...
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1994. Includes bibliographical... more ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1994. Includes bibliographical references. Photocopy.
Organisms living in shallow-water tropical coral reef environments are exposed to high UVR irradi... more Organisms living in shallow-water tropical coral reef environments are exposed to high UVR irradiances due to the low solar zenith angles (the angle of the sun from the vertical), the natural thinness of the ozone layer over tropical latitudes, and the high transparency of the water column. The hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 290-400 nm) is an important factor that affects the biology and ecology of coral reef organisms dates only to about 1980. It has been previously suggested that increased levels of biologically effective ultraviolet B radiation (UVB, 290-320 nm), which is the waveband primarily affected by ozone depletion, would have relatively small effects on corals and coral reefs and that these effects might be observed as changes in the minimum depths of occurrence of important reef taxa such as corals. This conclusion was based on predictions of increases in UVR as well as its attenuation with depth using the available data on UVR irradiances, ozone levels, and optical properties of the water overlying coral reefs. Here, we review the experimental evidence demonstrating the direct and indirect effects of UVR, both UVB and ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm) on corals and other reef associated biota, with emphasis on those studies conducted since 1996. Additionally, we re-examine the predictions made in 1996 for the increase in UVB on reefs with currently available data, assess whether those predictions were reasonable, and look at what changes might occur on coral reefs in the future as the multiple effects (i.e. increased temperature, hypercapnia, and ocean acidification) of global climate change continue.
A survey of 54 species of symbiotic cnidarians that included hydrozoan corals, anemones, gorgonia... more A survey of 54 species of symbiotic cnidarians that included hydrozoan corals, anemones, gorgonians and scleractinian corals was conducted in the Mexican Caribbean for the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the host as well as the Symbiodinium fractions. The host fractions contained relatively simple MAA profiles, all harbouring between one and three MAAs, principally mycosporine-glycine followed by shinorine and porphyra-334 in smaller amounts. Symbiodinium populations were identified to sub-generic levels using PCR-DGGE analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Regardless of clade identity, all Symbiodinium extracts contained MAAs, in contrast to the pattern that has been found in cultures of Symbiodinium, where clade A symbionts produced MAAs whereas clade B, C, D, and E symbionts did not. Under natural conditions between one and four MAAs were identified in the symbiont fractions, mycosporine-glycine (λ max = 310 nm), shinorine (λ max = 334 nm)...
The capacity of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to adapt to a changing climate relies in part on ... more The capacity of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to adapt to a changing climate relies in part on standing variation in host and symbiont populations, but rarely have the interactions between symbiotic partners been considered at the level of individuals. Here, we tested the importance of inter-individual variation with respect to the physiology of coral holobionts. We identified six genetically distinct Acropora palmata coral colonies that all shared the same isoclonal Symbiodinium 'fitti' dinoflagellate strain. No other Symbiodinium could be detected in host tissues. We exposed fragments of each colony to extreme cold and found that the stress-induced change in symbiont photochemical efficiency varied up to 3.6-fold depending on host genetic background. The S. 'fitti' strain was least stressed when associating with hosts that significantly altered the expression of 184 genes under cold shock; it was most stressed in hosts that only adjusted 14 genes. Key expression ...
Acropora palmata, es un coral escleractinio formador de arrecifes en el Caribe mexicano, cuyas po... more Acropora palmata, es un coral escleractinio formador de arrecifes en el Caribe mexicano, cuyas poblaciones se han deteriorado durante los últimos 30 años, razón por la cual, se incluyó en el listado dentro de la Norma Oficial Mexicano (NOM 059) como especie con protección especial. Utilizando el conocimiento reciente de estructura genética de Acropora palmata en el Caribe Mexicano, se llevó a cabo un experimento para estudiar la susceptibilidad diferencial de distintos parches de A. palmata al estrés térmico. Previo al verano 2014, se recolectaron fragmentos de 15 genotipos de A. palmata de tres sitios dentro y fuera del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos (La Bocana Chica, Limones y Punta Venado) y se aclimataron a la temperatura ambiental (28.5°C) en un sistema de acuarios. Después de su aclimatación, por duplicado, los fragmentos se dividieron en dos condiciones experimentales: temperatura ambiental (28.5°C) y temperatura elevada (31°C). Durante 21 días, se realizaron medi...
UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, 2003
... 1.1 Mucus 332 10.2. 1.2 Sporopollenin 332 10.2. ... For example, structural features such as ... more ... 1.1 Mucus 332 10.2. 1.2 Sporopollenin 332 10.2. ... For example, structural features such as shells and spines also provide protection from pred-ators. Other structural features include the production of mucous, sporopollenin and multiple-layered cell walls. 70.2. ...
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1994. Includes bibliographical... more ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1994. Includes bibliographical references. Photocopy.
Organisms living in shallow-water tropical coral reef environments are exposed to high UVR irradi... more Organisms living in shallow-water tropical coral reef environments are exposed to high UVR irradiances due to the low solar zenith angles (the angle of the sun from the vertical), the natural thinness of the ozone layer over tropical latitudes, and the high transparency of the water column. The hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 290-400 nm) is an important factor that affects the biology and ecology of coral reef organisms dates only to about 1980. It has been previously suggested that increased levels of biologically effective ultraviolet B radiation (UVB, 290-320 nm), which is the waveband primarily affected by ozone depletion, would have relatively small effects on corals and coral reefs and that these effects might be observed as changes in the minimum depths of occurrence of important reef taxa such as corals. This conclusion was based on predictions of increases in UVR as well as its attenuation with depth using the available data on UVR irradiances, ozone levels, and optical properties of the water overlying coral reefs. Here, we review the experimental evidence demonstrating the direct and indirect effects of UVR, both UVB and ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm) on corals and other reef associated biota, with emphasis on those studies conducted since 1996. Additionally, we re-examine the predictions made in 1996 for the increase in UVB on reefs with currently available data, assess whether those predictions were reasonable, and look at what changes might occur on coral reefs in the future as the multiple effects (i.e. increased temperature, hypercapnia, and ocean acidification) of global climate change continue.
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