A nivel internacional, las iniciativas de mitigación y/o adaptación al cambio climático incluyen ... more A nivel internacional, las iniciativas de mitigación y/o adaptación al cambio climático incluyen el reconocimiento de las partes interesadas, tanto fuera como dentro del sector público. A partir de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático, se propone REDD+ como un instrumento de política internacional que busca la reducción de emisiones por deforestación y degradación de los bosques, la conservación y gestión sostenible del bosque y las mejoras en las reservas de carbono. Promoviendo que diversos países sumen esfuerzos para superar el punto de inflexión y recuperen sus bosques. El contexto local formado por sistemas tradicionales de tendencia de los bosques y prácticas consuetudinarias de gestión y uso forestal, son determinantes para conocer la interrelación con otros sistemas como los jurídicos y los políticos, esto permite tomar decisiones certeras en la gestión forestal, particularmente en lo que refiere a la gobernanza, el desarrollo de capacidades y ...
Este trabajo está guiado por una inquietud: Cómo podemos lograr una colaboración entre comunidade... more Este trabajo está guiado por una inquietud: Cómo podemos lograr una colaboración entre comunidades locales y arqueólogos que permita generar no sólo información de carácter científico sobre los paisajes del pasado, sino también conocimiento socialmente valorado por los habitantes de las regiones que investigamos. Así, en este artículo presentamos las primeras experiencias de cartografía participativa emprendidas en distintas localidades del Valle de Yocavil y algunas reflexiones de dichos encuentros. Consideramos que la recuperación de los saberes y percepciones locales en estudios de arqueología del paisaje puede ser una práctica que genere espacios de encuentro, dialogo y discusión entre arqueólogos y lugareños.This work is guided by a concern: How can we achieve a collaboration between local communities and archaeologists that allows us to generate not only scientific information about past landscapes, but also knowledge socially valued by the inhabitants of the regions we invest...
Background Hñahñu (Otomi) farmers organize their experiences and ecological learning into a farml... more Background Hñahñu (Otomi) farmers organize their experiences and ecological learning into a farmland system designed to grow food in areas of scarce water and low soil fertility. The purpose of this paper is to examine Hñahñu concepts and categories pertaining to the farming landscape and the ecological foundations underlying the system, its management implications, and categorial organization in Huitexcalco de Morelos, Mezquital Valley, Mexico. Methods Native terms and their links to landscape were recorded and discussed in various workshops. Open interviews and field trips with local experts were used to explain soil and water management practices that allow Hñahñu farmers to maintain sustained yields throughout the year. We then used participatory mapping in order to explore the semantic relations of the terms with the space and its validity in the productive landscape. Results We elicited 7 Hñahñu language terms related to landforms, 4 related to land use categories, and 17 rela...
Geography Department University of Sao Paulo, 2014
MAPPING TERRITORIES, LAND RESOURCES AND RIGHTS: COMMUNITIES DEPLOYING PARTICIPATORY MAPPING/PGIS ... more MAPPING TERRITORIES, LAND RESOURCES AND RIGHTS: COMMUNITIES DEPLOYING PARTICIPATORY MAPPING/PGIS IN LATIN AMERICA
tion brought together 154 people from 45 different countries and nations with practical experienc... more tion brought together 154 people from 45 different countries and nations with practical experience in implementing Partic-ipatory GIS (PGIS). What unites these practitioners is their belief that PGIS practice (Box 1) can have profound implications for margin-alised groups in society: • it can enhance capacity in generating, managing and communicating spatial information; • it can stimulate innovation; and ultimately, • it can encourage positive social change. The tools generated and used in this practice can become interactive vehicles for networking, discussion, information exchange, analysis and decision-making. When PGIS practice first began to move from the non-digital to the digital realm in the mid 1990s, concerns arose over the feasibility of applying relatively complex PGIS tools in a participatory manner. In their paper titled ‘Participatory GIS: opportunity or oxymoron? ’ Abbot et al (1998) identified and debated the ‘benefits and problems of a participatory GIS approach’....
There have been many calls for community participation in MRV (measuring, reporting, verification... more There have been many calls for community participation in MRV (measuring, reporting, verification) for REDD+. This paper examines whether community involvement in MRV is a requirement, why it appears desirable to REDD+ agencies and external actors, and under what conditions communities might be interested in participating. It asks What's in it for communities? What might communities gain from such an involvement? What could they lose? It embraces a broader approach which we call community MMM which involves mapping, measuring and monitoring of forest and other natural resources for issues which are of interest to the community itself. We focus on cases in México because the country has an unusually high proportion of forests under community communal ownership. In particular, we refer to a recent REDD+ initiative-CONAFOR-LAIF, in which local communities select and approve local people to participate in community-based monitoring activities. From these local initiatives we identif...
This paper develops a framework for assessing how Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) 2 sy... more This paper develops a framework for assessing how Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) 2 systems, modalities and practices perform, as measured against principles of good governance and participation; the framework is applied to two case studies. From this, we argue for a shift towards recognising, valuing and incorporating into VGI, the values of participatory processes which are the essence of PGIS (Participatory GIS). We firstly overview the current range of handling citizen's local (spatial) knowledge in VGI by identifying two foundational drivers, which are: the recognition of the value of vulgar local knowledge, and the acceleration of cyberspace communication capacities. Section 2 analyses VGI modalities and systems in terms of their characteristics and practices, in a frame of good governance principles and participatory process. In Section 3 this analytical framework is used in evaluating two specific cases in terms of governance and participation principles and p...
Assessment and emergency planning to cope with disaster risks are usually founded primarily on ex... more Assessment and emergency planning to cope with disaster risks are usually founded primarily on expert evaluations, in part because local governments and public bodies mainly finance the re-covery activities. Local communities affected by disasters are scarcely really involved in the pro-cesses of information collection, problem analysis, or design of emergency plans. However, the development of good practices for incorporating local people’s knowledge into disaster risk man-agement, known as Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM), is becoming more common. Scientific communities increasingly realize the importance of local knowledge, though in Georgia this is still uncommon. Georgia faces frequent natural disasters and threats to its fragile ecosystems caused by unsustainable natural resource management and agricultural practices, improper infrastructure and urban development, as well as by innate geological and climatic fac-
Emerging concerns of international organizations, such as the UNICEF child-friendly cities moveme... more Emerging concerns of international organizations, such as the UNICEF child-friendly cities movement, include the recognition of children and young people as a vulnerable group in society, and an emphasis on policies and actions for them to thrive in a safe environment. However, policy and planning responses do not always take into account the perceptions and local knowledge that children and young people already have about their community and quality-of-life conditions. The aim of this chapter is to present an analytical framework that includes the concepts of community well-being/quality-of-life/risk together with the application of participatory mapping methodology. The framework is informed by quality of life studies, children’s geography, and participatory mapping perspectives. We argue that this multidisciplinary lens is required to translate children’s and young people’s views and visions about their own communities into effective urban action plans. We illustrated the analytical framework with case studies, where innovative approaches elicit children’s and young people’s viewpoints that are meaningful for planning. From the cases we studied in Portugal, we learn that participatory approaches stimulate children and young people to critically and actively involve with their community in the identification of problems as well as in the co-design of solutions. Schoolchildren’s perceptions of risks in their urban environment were elicited through PGIS (participatory GIS) and web applications to geographically describe and explain sites and causes of risk. We conclude by presenting the potentials of participatory mapping of children’s and young people’s perceptions and the challenges of integrating participatory approaches.
Charlotte benneker is with iTC, the netherlands and michael mcCall is with CiGa-unam, mexico. int... more Charlotte benneker is with iTC, the netherlands and michael mcCall is with CiGa-unam, mexico. introduction worldwide, people involved in the promotion of sustainable forest management and forest conservation have high expectations of the possible inclusion of reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (rEDD) in the international climate convention to be agreed to this year in Copenhagen (parker et al. 2008). ongoing discussions and research have paid considerable attention to the design of methodologies enabling countries to quantify carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and emission reductions. involved parties have requested the inclusion of regulations that guarantee environmental integrity, biodiversity conservation, indigenous rights and poverty reduction, among other things (seymour 2008).
Preface It appears that there is a seemingly unstoppable excitement about geo-referencing our hum... more Preface It appears that there is a seemingly unstoppable excitement about geo-referencing our human physical, biological and socio-cultural worlds and making the information accessible in the public domain. Stunning innovations (e.g. Google Earth) are now available to all those with adequate access to the Internet or to the modern Geospatial Information Technologies (GIT). In a participatory context, the community members themselves, the technology intermediaries, the practitioners or the activists, and/or the researchers may use the GIT at the community level. Community workers, social scientists, anthropologists, ecologists, and many others may acquire the GIT competences useful for collaborating with professionals with an IT background. Alternatively, GIT may be introduced at the community level by IT people willing to map social, cultural and biophysical territories, and who can team up with social and environmental scientists. Participatory GIS is an emergent practice in its ow...
This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which de... more This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which demonstrated the importance of, and demand for, stakeholder participation in resource and environmental modelling. This position paper returns to the concepts of that publication and reviews the progress made since 2010. A new development is the wide introduction and acceptance of social media and web applications, which dramatically changes the context and scale of stakeholder interactions and participation. Technology advances make it easier to incorporate information in interactive formats via visualization and games to augment participatory experiences. Citizens as stakeholders are increasingly demanding to be engaged in planning decisions that affect them and their communities, at scales from local to global. How people interact with and access models and data is rapidly evolving. In turn, this requires changes in how models are built, packaged, and disseminated: citizens are less in ...
A nivel internacional, las iniciativas de mitigación y/o adaptación al cambio climático incluyen ... more A nivel internacional, las iniciativas de mitigación y/o adaptación al cambio climático incluyen el reconocimiento de las partes interesadas, tanto fuera como dentro del sector público. A partir de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático, se propone REDD+ como un instrumento de política internacional que busca la reducción de emisiones por deforestación y degradación de los bosques, la conservación y gestión sostenible del bosque y las mejoras en las reservas de carbono. Promoviendo que diversos países sumen esfuerzos para superar el punto de inflexión y recuperen sus bosques. El contexto local formado por sistemas tradicionales de tendencia de los bosques y prácticas consuetudinarias de gestión y uso forestal, son determinantes para conocer la interrelación con otros sistemas como los jurídicos y los políticos, esto permite tomar decisiones certeras en la gestión forestal, particularmente en lo que refiere a la gobernanza, el desarrollo de capacidades y ...
Este trabajo está guiado por una inquietud: Cómo podemos lograr una colaboración entre comunidade... more Este trabajo está guiado por una inquietud: Cómo podemos lograr una colaboración entre comunidades locales y arqueólogos que permita generar no sólo información de carácter científico sobre los paisajes del pasado, sino también conocimiento socialmente valorado por los habitantes de las regiones que investigamos. Así, en este artículo presentamos las primeras experiencias de cartografía participativa emprendidas en distintas localidades del Valle de Yocavil y algunas reflexiones de dichos encuentros. Consideramos que la recuperación de los saberes y percepciones locales en estudios de arqueología del paisaje puede ser una práctica que genere espacios de encuentro, dialogo y discusión entre arqueólogos y lugareños.This work is guided by a concern: How can we achieve a collaboration between local communities and archaeologists that allows us to generate not only scientific information about past landscapes, but also knowledge socially valued by the inhabitants of the regions we invest...
Background Hñahñu (Otomi) farmers organize their experiences and ecological learning into a farml... more Background Hñahñu (Otomi) farmers organize their experiences and ecological learning into a farmland system designed to grow food in areas of scarce water and low soil fertility. The purpose of this paper is to examine Hñahñu concepts and categories pertaining to the farming landscape and the ecological foundations underlying the system, its management implications, and categorial organization in Huitexcalco de Morelos, Mezquital Valley, Mexico. Methods Native terms and their links to landscape were recorded and discussed in various workshops. Open interviews and field trips with local experts were used to explain soil and water management practices that allow Hñahñu farmers to maintain sustained yields throughout the year. We then used participatory mapping in order to explore the semantic relations of the terms with the space and its validity in the productive landscape. Results We elicited 7 Hñahñu language terms related to landforms, 4 related to land use categories, and 17 rela...
Geography Department University of Sao Paulo, 2014
MAPPING TERRITORIES, LAND RESOURCES AND RIGHTS: COMMUNITIES DEPLOYING PARTICIPATORY MAPPING/PGIS ... more MAPPING TERRITORIES, LAND RESOURCES AND RIGHTS: COMMUNITIES DEPLOYING PARTICIPATORY MAPPING/PGIS IN LATIN AMERICA
tion brought together 154 people from 45 different countries and nations with practical experienc... more tion brought together 154 people from 45 different countries and nations with practical experience in implementing Partic-ipatory GIS (PGIS). What unites these practitioners is their belief that PGIS practice (Box 1) can have profound implications for margin-alised groups in society: • it can enhance capacity in generating, managing and communicating spatial information; • it can stimulate innovation; and ultimately, • it can encourage positive social change. The tools generated and used in this practice can become interactive vehicles for networking, discussion, information exchange, analysis and decision-making. When PGIS practice first began to move from the non-digital to the digital realm in the mid 1990s, concerns arose over the feasibility of applying relatively complex PGIS tools in a participatory manner. In their paper titled ‘Participatory GIS: opportunity or oxymoron? ’ Abbot et al (1998) identified and debated the ‘benefits and problems of a participatory GIS approach’....
There have been many calls for community participation in MRV (measuring, reporting, verification... more There have been many calls for community participation in MRV (measuring, reporting, verification) for REDD+. This paper examines whether community involvement in MRV is a requirement, why it appears desirable to REDD+ agencies and external actors, and under what conditions communities might be interested in participating. It asks What's in it for communities? What might communities gain from such an involvement? What could they lose? It embraces a broader approach which we call community MMM which involves mapping, measuring and monitoring of forest and other natural resources for issues which are of interest to the community itself. We focus on cases in México because the country has an unusually high proportion of forests under community communal ownership. In particular, we refer to a recent REDD+ initiative-CONAFOR-LAIF, in which local communities select and approve local people to participate in community-based monitoring activities. From these local initiatives we identif...
This paper develops a framework for assessing how Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) 2 sy... more This paper develops a framework for assessing how Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) 2 systems, modalities and practices perform, as measured against principles of good governance and participation; the framework is applied to two case studies. From this, we argue for a shift towards recognising, valuing and incorporating into VGI, the values of participatory processes which are the essence of PGIS (Participatory GIS). We firstly overview the current range of handling citizen's local (spatial) knowledge in VGI by identifying two foundational drivers, which are: the recognition of the value of vulgar local knowledge, and the acceleration of cyberspace communication capacities. Section 2 analyses VGI modalities and systems in terms of their characteristics and practices, in a frame of good governance principles and participatory process. In Section 3 this analytical framework is used in evaluating two specific cases in terms of governance and participation principles and p...
Assessment and emergency planning to cope with disaster risks are usually founded primarily on ex... more Assessment and emergency planning to cope with disaster risks are usually founded primarily on expert evaluations, in part because local governments and public bodies mainly finance the re-covery activities. Local communities affected by disasters are scarcely really involved in the pro-cesses of information collection, problem analysis, or design of emergency plans. However, the development of good practices for incorporating local people’s knowledge into disaster risk man-agement, known as Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM), is becoming more common. Scientific communities increasingly realize the importance of local knowledge, though in Georgia this is still uncommon. Georgia faces frequent natural disasters and threats to its fragile ecosystems caused by unsustainable natural resource management and agricultural practices, improper infrastructure and urban development, as well as by innate geological and climatic fac-
Emerging concerns of international organizations, such as the UNICEF child-friendly cities moveme... more Emerging concerns of international organizations, such as the UNICEF child-friendly cities movement, include the recognition of children and young people as a vulnerable group in society, and an emphasis on policies and actions for them to thrive in a safe environment. However, policy and planning responses do not always take into account the perceptions and local knowledge that children and young people already have about their community and quality-of-life conditions. The aim of this chapter is to present an analytical framework that includes the concepts of community well-being/quality-of-life/risk together with the application of participatory mapping methodology. The framework is informed by quality of life studies, children’s geography, and participatory mapping perspectives. We argue that this multidisciplinary lens is required to translate children’s and young people’s views and visions about their own communities into effective urban action plans. We illustrated the analytical framework with case studies, where innovative approaches elicit children’s and young people’s viewpoints that are meaningful for planning. From the cases we studied in Portugal, we learn that participatory approaches stimulate children and young people to critically and actively involve with their community in the identification of problems as well as in the co-design of solutions. Schoolchildren’s perceptions of risks in their urban environment were elicited through PGIS (participatory GIS) and web applications to geographically describe and explain sites and causes of risk. We conclude by presenting the potentials of participatory mapping of children’s and young people’s perceptions and the challenges of integrating participatory approaches.
Charlotte benneker is with iTC, the netherlands and michael mcCall is with CiGa-unam, mexico. int... more Charlotte benneker is with iTC, the netherlands and michael mcCall is with CiGa-unam, mexico. introduction worldwide, people involved in the promotion of sustainable forest management and forest conservation have high expectations of the possible inclusion of reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (rEDD) in the international climate convention to be agreed to this year in Copenhagen (parker et al. 2008). ongoing discussions and research have paid considerable attention to the design of methodologies enabling countries to quantify carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and emission reductions. involved parties have requested the inclusion of regulations that guarantee environmental integrity, biodiversity conservation, indigenous rights and poverty reduction, among other things (seymour 2008).
Preface It appears that there is a seemingly unstoppable excitement about geo-referencing our hum... more Preface It appears that there is a seemingly unstoppable excitement about geo-referencing our human physical, biological and socio-cultural worlds and making the information accessible in the public domain. Stunning innovations (e.g. Google Earth) are now available to all those with adequate access to the Internet or to the modern Geospatial Information Technologies (GIT). In a participatory context, the community members themselves, the technology intermediaries, the practitioners or the activists, and/or the researchers may use the GIT at the community level. Community workers, social scientists, anthropologists, ecologists, and many others may acquire the GIT competences useful for collaborating with professionals with an IT background. Alternatively, GIT may be introduced at the community level by IT people willing to map social, cultural and biophysical territories, and who can team up with social and environmental scientists. Participatory GIS is an emergent practice in its ow...
This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which de... more This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which demonstrated the importance of, and demand for, stakeholder participation in resource and environmental modelling. This position paper returns to the concepts of that publication and reviews the progress made since 2010. A new development is the wide introduction and acceptance of social media and web applications, which dramatically changes the context and scale of stakeholder interactions and participation. Technology advances make it easier to incorporate information in interactive formats via visualization and games to augment participatory experiences. Citizens as stakeholders are increasingly demanding to be engaged in planning decisions that affect them and their communities, at scales from local to global. How people interact with and access models and data is rapidly evolving. In turn, this requires changes in how models are built, packaged, and disseminated: citizens are less in ...
Indigenous classification systems represent cognitive experiences of human groups in the geograph... more Indigenous classification systems represent cognitive experiences of human groups in the geographical space. Formalization efforts of indigenous knowledge impose their own concepts, and therefore, it is often decontextualized. This research aims to formalize the farm land management system of an Hñahñu (otomí) community into a map using their own geographical concepts. A semantic analysis with Participatory Geographical Information System and Google Earth visualization is proposed as a method. Results show that farm land management system developed by Hñahñu include a set of geographical categories and subcategories. It was found that the Hñahñu classify them using the plot location in the landscape and the technique for providing water to grow crops as attributes. Although this recognition allowed the drawing of boundaries, the Hñahñu conceptualization of space challenged the conventional map, this led into a Google earth map. Google Earth showed the potential for improving indigenous knowledge representations within the community.
Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología, Jul 5, 2019
Resumen: objetivo/contexto: la arqueología ha empleado la elaboración de cartografía estándar (oc... more Resumen: objetivo/contexto: la arqueología ha empleado la elaboración de cartografía estándar (occidental) como una técnica para aprehender y analizar los paisajes arqueológicos pensados usualmente como pertenencias exclusivas de sociedades pretéritas, pasando por alto que las poblaciones actuales incorporan de múltiples maneras estas huellas materiales en sus vidas cotidianas. Este trabajo plantea una arqueología del paisaje con sentido local, elaborando narrativas que contemplen el lugar que ocupa lo arqueológico en las historias locales pasadas y presentes. Metodología: consideramos brevemente el papel desempeñado por las arqueologías latinoamericanas en los discursos de la modernidad ligados a los nacientes Estados. Repasamos cómo fue la construcción del objeto de estudio arqueológico que determinó la negación de las comunidades locales como sujetos de conocimiento válido sobre aquel, tomando como ejemplo el desarrollo de la práctica arqueológica en los Valles Calchaquíes del noroeste argentino. Finalmente, presentamos la cartografía participativa desde sus principales postulados teóricos y herramientas, y las primeras experiencias emprendidas por nosotros en la zona. Conclusiones: consideramos que la cartografía participativa conlleva beneficios tanto para la disciplina arqueológica como para las poblaciones locales, pues es una potencial herramienta para el diálogo de saberes y la multivocalidad. Originalidad: la propuesta presenta la cartografía participativa como un enfoque teórico-metodológico apropiado para reconocer e incorporar el conocimiento espacial local sobre los paisajes arqueológicos que poseen las comunidades actuales, enriqueciendo así su estudio y permitiendo una gestión más participativa y sustentable del patrimonio arqueológico.
Palabras claves: comunidades indígenas/locales, conocimiento espacial local, diálogo de saberes, gestión de paisajes arqueológicos, multivocalidad, Valles Calchaquíes
Participatory Cartography as a Theoretical-Methodological Proposal for an Archaeology of the Latin American Landscape. An Example from the Calchaquí Valleys (Argentina)
Abstract: Objective/context: Archaeology has employed developments in standard (western) cartography as a technique to understand and analyze archaeological landscapes usually thought of as belonging exclusively to past societies and which overlook the fact that today’s populations incorporate these material traces into their daily lives in multiple ways. This work proposes landscape archaeology based in a local sense, developing narratives that critique the place occupied by archaeology in past and present local histories. Methodology: We briefly consider the role played by Latin American archaeologies in the discourses of modernity linked to the emergence of States. We review how the construction of the objects of archaeological study leads to the denial of local communities as the subjects of their own valid knowledge; taking as an example the development of archaeological practice in the Calchaquí Valleys of northwestern Argentina. Finally, we present participatory cartography from its main theoretical principles and tools, and the first initiatives undertaken by us in the area. Conclusions: We consider that participatory cartography has benefits for both the discipline of archaeology and for local populations as a potential tool in the dialogue of knowledge and multivocality. Originality: The proposal we present is that participatory cartography is an appropriate theoretical-methodological approach for recognizing and incorporating the local spatial knowledge of archaeological landscapes held by present-day communities; thus enriching their study and enabling a more participatory and sustainable management of archaeological heritage.
Keywords: Calchaquí Valleys, dialogue of knowledge, local/indigenous communities, local spatial knowledge, management of archaeological landscapes, multivocality
A cartografia participativa como proposta teórico-metodológica para uma arqueologia da paisagem latino-americana. Um exemplo dos Valles Calchaquíes (Argentina)
Resumo: objetivo/contexto: a arqueologia tem empregado a elaboração de cartografia regular (ocidental) como uma técnica para apreender e analisar as paisagens arqueológicas pensadas usualmente como pertencentes exclusivas de sociedades pretéritas, passando por alto que as populações atuais incorporam de múltiplas maneiras estas impressões materiais em suas vidas quotidianas. Este trabalho propõe uma arqueologia da paisagem com sentido local, elaborando narrativas que contemplem o lugar que ocupa o arqueológico nas histórias locais passadas e presentes. Metodologia: consideramos brevemente o papel desempenhado pelas arqueologias latino-americanas nos discursos da modernidade unidos aos nascentes estados. Repassamos como foi a construção do objeto de estudo arqueológico que determinou a negação das comunidades locais como sujeitos de conhecimento válido sobre aquele, tomando como exemplo o desenvolvimento da prática arqueológica nos Valles Calchaquíes do noroeste argentino. Finalmente, apresentamos a cartografia participativa desde seus principais postulados teóricos e ferramentas, e as primeiras experiências empreendidas por nós na zona. Conclusões: consideramos que a cartografia participativa implica benefícios tanto para a disciplina arqueológica como para as populações locais pois é uma potencial ferramenta para o diálogo de saberes e da multivocalidade. Originalidade: a proposta apresenta a cartografia participativa como um enfoque teórico-metodológico apropriado para reconhecer e incorporar o conhecimento espacial local sobre as paisagens arqueológicas que possuem as comunidades atuais, enriquecendo assim seu estudo e permitindo um gerenciamento mais participativo e sustentável do patrimônio arqueológico.
Palavras-chave: comunidades indígenas/locais, conhecimento espacial local, diálogo de saberes, gerenciamento de paisagens arqueológicas, multivocalidade, Valles Calchaquíes
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Papers by Michael McCall
Palabras claves: comunidades indígenas/locales, conocimiento espacial local, diálogo de saberes, gestión de paisajes arqueológicos, multivocalidad, Valles Calchaquíes
Participatory Cartography as a Theoretical-Methodological Proposal for an Archaeology of the Latin American Landscape. An Example from the Calchaquí Valleys (Argentina)
Abstract: Objective/context: Archaeology has employed developments in standard (western) cartography as a technique to understand and analyze archaeological landscapes usually thought of as belonging exclusively to past societies and which overlook the fact that today’s populations incorporate these material traces into their daily lives in multiple ways. This work proposes landscape archaeology based in a local sense, developing narratives that critique the place occupied by archaeology in past and present local histories. Methodology: We briefly consider the role played by Latin American archaeologies in the discourses of modernity linked to the emergence of States. We review how the construction of the objects of archaeological study leads to the denial of local communities as the subjects of their own valid knowledge; taking as an example the development of archaeological practice in the Calchaquí Valleys of northwestern Argentina. Finally, we present participatory cartography from its main theoretical principles and tools, and the first initiatives undertaken by us in the area. Conclusions: We consider that participatory cartography has benefits for both the discipline of archaeology and for local populations as a potential tool in the dialogue of knowledge and multivocality. Originality: The proposal we present is that participatory cartography is an appropriate theoretical-methodological approach for recognizing and incorporating the local spatial knowledge of archaeological landscapes held by present-day communities; thus enriching their study and enabling a more participatory and sustainable management of archaeological heritage.
Keywords: Calchaquí Valleys, dialogue of knowledge, local/indigenous communities, local spatial knowledge, management of archaeological landscapes, multivocality
A cartografia participativa como proposta teórico-metodológica para uma arqueologia da paisagem latino-americana. Um exemplo dos Valles Calchaquíes (Argentina)
Resumo: objetivo/contexto: a arqueologia tem empregado a elaboração de cartografia regular (ocidental) como uma técnica para apreender e analisar as paisagens arqueológicas pensadas usualmente como pertencentes exclusivas de sociedades pretéritas, passando por alto que as populações atuais incorporam de múltiplas maneiras estas impressões materiais em suas vidas quotidianas. Este trabalho propõe uma arqueologia da paisagem com sentido local, elaborando narrativas que contemplem o lugar que ocupa o arqueológico nas histórias locais passadas e presentes. Metodologia: consideramos brevemente o papel desempenhado pelas arqueologias latino-americanas nos discursos da modernidade unidos aos nascentes estados. Repassamos como foi a construção do objeto de estudo arqueológico que determinou a negação das comunidades locais como sujeitos de conhecimento válido sobre aquele, tomando como exemplo o desenvolvimento da prática arqueológica nos Valles Calchaquíes do noroeste argentino. Finalmente, apresentamos a cartografia participativa desde seus principais postulados teóricos e ferramentas, e as primeiras experiências empreendidas por nós na zona. Conclusões: consideramos que a cartografia participativa implica benefícios tanto para a disciplina arqueológica como para as populações locais pois é uma potencial ferramenta para o diálogo de saberes e da multivocalidade. Originalidade: a proposta apresenta a cartografia participativa como um enfoque teórico-metodológico apropriado para reconhecer e incorporar o conhecimento espacial local sobre as paisagens arqueológicas que possuem as comunidades atuais, enriquecendo assim seu estudo e permitindo um gerenciamento mais participativo e sustentável do patrimônio arqueológico.
Palavras-chave: comunidades indígenas/locais, conhecimento espacial local, diálogo de saberes, gerenciamento de paisagens arqueológicas, multivocalidade, Valles Calchaquíes