pratama wibawa
Diponegoro University, Chemistry, Faculty Member
A very simple nanocomposite material has been in-situ manufactured from an aqueous polystyrene nanospheres dispersion and cadmium (Cd) metal nanoparticles. The manufacturing was performed by using a high frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic... more
A very simple nanocomposite material has been in-situ manufactured from an aqueous polystyrene nanospheres dispersion and cadmium (Cd) metal nanoparticles. The manufacturing was performed by using a high frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic (US) agitation for 45 minute at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature 20 oC. No chemical reducing agent and surfactant added in this manufacturing technique due to the US could reduce Cd 2+ ions of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate to Cd atomic metals nanoparticles whereas water molecules could act as a pseudo stabilizer for the manufactured material. A thin film was manufactured from aqueous colloidal nanocomposite material of Polystyrene nanospheres/Cd metal nanoparticles (PSNs/CdMNp) fabricated on a hydrophilic silicon wafer. The thin film was then characterized by a JEOL-FESEM for its surface morphology characteristic and by ATR-FTIR spectrometry for its molecular change investigation. It could be clearly observed that surface morphology of the t...
This research aimed to enhance the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using aloe vera extract. It was performed by means of incorporating AgNPs on an activated carbon... more
This research aimed to enhance the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using aloe vera extract. It was performed by means of incorporating AgNPs on an activated carbon nanoparticle (ACNPs) under ultrasonic agitation (40 kHz, 2 × 50 watt) for 30 min in an aqueous colloidal medium. The successful AgNPs synthesis was clarified with both Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers. The successful AgNPs–ACNPs incorporation and its particle size analysis was performed using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The brown color suspension generation and UV-Vis’s spectra maximum wavelength at around 480 nm confirmed the existence of AgNPs. The particle sizes of the produced AgNPs were about 5 to 10 nm in the majority number, which collectively surrounded the aloe vera extract secondary metabolites formed core-shell like nanostructure of 8.20 ± 2.05 nm in average size, while ACNPs themselve...
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Isolation of alkaloid compounds from ethanol extract of red galangal rhizomes to compare their antibacterial properties with extracts formed into nanoparticles has been performed. The isolation of the alkaloid compounds was performed... more
Isolation of alkaloid compounds from ethanol extract of red galangal rhizomes to compare their antibacterial properties with extracts formed into nanoparticles has been performed. The isolation of the alkaloid compounds was performed successively by salting using (i) hydrochloric acid (HCl) to pH 3 (when in ethanol) and using (ii) ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) to pH 10 (when in chloroform). The alkaloid concentrated extract was obtained after chloroform was evaporated using a rotary evaporator. This alkaloid extract was then carried out by TLC silica gel GF254 using chloroform eluent: ethyl acetate (9: 2) to obtain a specific alkaloid type as a single/pure compound. Test of alkaloid purity successfully isolated by one-dimensional or two-dimensional TLC using various types of eluents with varying degrees of polarity, ie acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform: ethyl acetate mixture (9: 2). Isolates of pure alkaloids were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometers), FTIR...
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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai steroid dari rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) dan pabrikasi nanopartikelnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh isolat steroid dari rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia... more
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai steroid dari rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) dan pabrikasi nanopartikelnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh isolat steroid dari rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) dan memperoleh nanopartikel steroid dari hasil isolasi. Senyawa steroid diisolasi dari fraksi n-heksana dengan maserasi, ekstraksi, dan kromatografi kolom. Nanopartikel steroid difabrikasi dengan ultrasonikasi. Struktur molekul steroid diidentifikasi dengan gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Ukuran nanopartikel steroid dikarakterisasi dengan metoda dynamic light scattering (DLS) menggunakan alat particle size analyzer (PSA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa isolat steroid mengandung senyawa golongan progesteron. Ukuran rata-rata nanopartikel steroid secara statistik adalah 95,0 ± 12,2 nm untuk nanopartikel steroid (StrNPs) kelompok I dan 670,2 ± 141,1 nm untuk StrNPs kelompok II.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa triterpenoid dari rimpang Alpinia purpurata dan fabrikasi nanopartikel ekstrak n-heksana serta membandingkan aktivitas sitotoksik antara nanopartikel dan ekstrak n-heksana. Senyawa... more
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa triterpenoid dari rimpang Alpinia purpurata dan fabrikasi nanopartikel ekstrak n-heksana serta membandingkan aktivitas sitotoksik antara nanopartikel dan ekstrak n-heksana. Senyawa triterpenoid diisolasi dari ekstrak n-heksana menggunakan kromatografi kolom gravitasi dan KLT Preparatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk fabrikasi ekstrak n-heksana menjadi nanopartikel adalah sonikasi dengan menggunakan prosesor ultrasonik. Penentuan aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak n-heksana menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Hasil analisis GC-MS isolat triterpenoid memiliki berat molekul sebesar 426 g/mol diduga merupakan senyawa Lupeol. Berdasarkan analisis ukuran partikel menggunakan instrumen PSA, nanopartikel ekstrak n-heksana memiliki ukuran 278,0 nm. Hasil uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak n-heksana dan nanopartikel ekstrak n-heksana menghasilkan LC50 berturut-turut sebesar 109,668 ppm dan 86,783 ppm. Ekstrak n-heksana dalam bentuk nanopar...
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Dalam penelitian ini telah berhasil dibuat senyawa organoiodium turunan sukrosa di dalam fraksi air dengan cara mereaksikan sukrosa, iodium dan fosfor merah di dalam set alat refluks pada suhu 98°C selama 15 menit. Pada akhir reaksi,... more
Dalam penelitian ini telah berhasil dibuat senyawa organoiodium turunan sukrosa di dalam fraksi air dengan cara mereaksikan sukrosa, iodium dan fosfor merah di dalam set alat refluks pada suhu 98°C selama 15 menit. Pada akhir reaksi, campuran diekstraksi menggunakan n-heksana dan fasa atau fraksi air yang terbentuk dipisahkan dari fasa organiknya. Fasa air ini kemudian ditotolkan pada plat KLT yang dibuat dari gel silika 60 F254 dan dikembangkan dengan campuran butanaol : asam asetat : air (BAA, 4:1:5). Dari perlakukan ini diperoleh satu noda yang mempunyai Rf 0,6. Noda ini kemudian dikerok, diekstraksi menggunakan metanol dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer merah infra (MI). Noda ini memunculkan spektra IR yang khas pada bilangan gelombang 615,2 cm-1. Hal ini berarti ikatan C-I yang diharapkan berhasil terbentuk dan sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa fasa air tersebut mengandung senyawa organoiodium turunan sukrosa.
Isolation of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) oil have carried out by using soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as solvent. This research have been determined of fatty acid composition of rubber seed oil. Separation of free fatty acid from... more
Isolation of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) oil have carried out by using soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as solvent. This research have been determined of fatty acid composition of rubber seed oil. Separation of free fatty acid from triglyceride done by ethanol 96 %. The oil phase was analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrophotometer. It was resulted five chromatogram peaks of fatty acid methyl ester, there are methylester from palmitic acid (9.12%), linoleic acid (44.69 %), elaidic acid (44.69 %), stearic acid (8.89 %>) and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (5.30 %) respectively.
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Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan reaksi pemblokiran gugus amina pada L-valin dan pada L-sistein menggunakan asam format untuk membentuk, secara berurutan, formamida L-valin dan formamida L-sistein. Kedua formamida asam amino ini akan... more
Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan reaksi pemblokiran gugus amina pada L-valin dan pada L-sistein menggunakan asam format untuk membentuk, secara berurutan, formamida L-valin dan formamida L-sistein. Kedua formamida asam amino ini akan digunakan lebih lanjut untuk mensintesis asam 6-aminopenisilinat (6-APA), suatu zat antara kunci untuk membuat antibiotic baru turunan β-laktam. Reaksi dilaksanakan dengan alat refluks pada suhu sekitar 50-60°C selama 60-90 menit. Pada akhir reaksi dilakukan pemisahan pelarut menggunakan penguap berputar Buchii dan dilakukan pemurnian dengan metoda rekristalisasi menggunakan etanol. KristaI hasil pemblokiran gugus amina pada L-valin mempunyai titik leleh 153-154°C, sedangkan hasil pemblokiran gugus amina pada L-sistein titik lelehnya 129-131°C. Kedua kristal ini masing-masing memberikan noda tunggal pada plat KLT silika gel 60F154. Hasil analisis spektra IR dari masing-masing kristal ini menunjukkan bahwa reaksi pemblokiran berhasil dilakukan dan se...
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Some of the secondary metabolites present in red algae are terpenoids, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, diarylheptanoids, steroids, cardioglycosides, oils and fats, tannins, carbohydrates. Activity of rhizomes, leaves and... more
Some of the secondary metabolites present in red algae are terpenoids, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, diarylheptanoids, steroids, cardioglycosides, oils and fats, tannins, carbohydrates. Activity of rhizomes, leaves and flowers red leaf is as antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidants, anti-tumor, anti-cancer and vasodilator. One way to improve the physical, chemical and bioactivity properties of natural compounds was to make them into nanoparticles. In this study, the isolation of bioactive compounds contained in red laos rhizome by maceration method using ethanol solvent was done, then partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The extracts thus obtained are fabricated into nanoparticles. Extracts in bulk and nanoparticles were then tested for cytotoxic activity using BSLT method. Results of analysis with PSA showed that ethanol extract had size 410,8 nm, n-hexane extract 220,7 nm and ethyl acetate extract 208,3 nm. The results of cytotoxic tests showed that nan...
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Penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi asam lemak pada minyak benih Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L) Pers) telah dilaksanakan. Pada langkah pertama adalah untuk menggunakannya sebagai zat standar biodiesel. Bubuk kering dari benih Turi... more
Penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi asam lemak pada minyak benih Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L) Pers) telah dilaksanakan. Pada langkah pertama adalah untuk menggunakannya sebagai zat standar biodiesel. Bubuk kering dari benih Turi diekstraksi secara berkelanjutan dengan soxhlet selama 7 jam pada suhu 60-70oC dengan pelarut n-heksana. Rendemen produk minyak benih Turi adalah 9,79% w/w dari berat benih Turi. Asam lemak trigliserida dianalisis dengan GC-MS yang dioperasikan pada 150-290oC dengan kenaikan suhu 10oC/5 menit, fasa mobil adalah gas helium yang dijalankan pada 10 Kpa, keperluan Fasa stasioner adalah CP-SIL 5 CB panjangnya 25 m dan detektor pada GC-MS adalah FID. Berdasarkan pada puncak GC-MS yang dicocokkan dengan masing-masing database fragmentasi puncak dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam lemak dari trigliserida adalah asam palmitik (14,25%), asam linoleat (39,13%), asam elaidat (39.13%), asam stearat (13.97%) dan asam aracidat (39.13%) dengan berat molekular trigliserida pada...
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Commom protein sources for poultry, fish meal and soybean meal, were ground to obtain reduced particle size. The particle was then dissolved in distilled water (1 : 4 w/v), and added with 2 mL virgin coconut oil for every 500 mL solution... more
Commom protein sources for poultry, fish meal and soybean meal, were ground to obtain reduced particle size. The particle was then dissolved in distilled water (1 : 4 w/v), and added with 2 mL virgin coconut oil for every 500 mL solution prior to ultrasound transducer (ultrasonic bath) treatment to obtain protein microparticle. Reducing particle size is one possible way to increase protein utilization.180 birds were used for forced feeding and 10 other birds were plotted for endogenous correction, when they were one month and a half old. Microparticle protein of both ingredients were tested separately in either mash or pelleted forms and compared to intact protein. Completely randomized design with 3 treatments (intact, mash, and pellet) and 6 replications (10 bidrs each) was arranged for the respective ingredient. Protein and essential amino acid digestibilities, and calcium retention were the parameters measured. Analysis of variance continued to Duncan test were applied to statis...
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Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa asam poliuegenoksi asetat dan polieugenoksi asetil piridil karbinolat (suatu turunan polieugenoksi asetat dengan gugus aktif N) dari eugenol. Hasil sintesis digunakan sebagai ekstraktan logam berat dengan... more
Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa asam poliuegenoksi asetat dan polieugenoksi asetil piridil karbinolat (suatu turunan polieugenoksi asetat dengan gugus aktif N) dari eugenol. Hasil sintesis digunakan sebagai ekstraktan logam berat dengan metode transport membran cair. Analisis struktur polimer yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan spektrometer infra merah, 1H NMR, KLT, dan uji kelarutan. Penentuan berat molekul relatif polimer menggunakan metode viscometer Ubbelohde. Transport logam dilakukan dengan Membran Cair Ruah (BLM) menggunakan sel gelas tipe U terhadap campuran logam Cu (II), Fe (III), Ni (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), dan Cr (III) kesemuanya dalam bentuk garam klorida. Transport dilakukan pada fasa umpan dan penerima HCl, konsentrasi logam masing-masing 50 ppm. Penentuan konsentrasi ion logam di fasa penerima sebelum dan sesudah transport dilakukan dengan spectrofotometer serapan atom, sedangkan perubahan pH yang menyertai diukur dengan pH meter. Hasil sintesis polieugenoksi asetat dan ...
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Research into the synthesis and use of a novel carrier compound, thiazoethyl methyl eugenoxyacetic acid (TMEAA) for selective transport of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions in the bulk liquid membrane (BLM) technique was conducted.... more
Research into the synthesis and use of a novel carrier compound, thiazoethyl methyl eugenoxyacetic acid (TMEAA) for selective transport of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions in the bulk liquid membrane (BLM) technique was conducted. TMEAA was synthesized from eugenol. Eugenol was acidified into eugenoxyacetic acid and subsequently esterified using 4-methyl-5-thiazoethanol. Analysis of the result was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. The TMEAA obtained was liquid, viscous, blackish-brown and fragrant, with a yield of 88%. This compound was soluble in benzene and chloroform but insoluble in methanol. The GC-MS analysis result showed the presence of a single peak, with a retention time of 26.5 min and an area of 100%, while the disappearance of vibration mode at 1727 cm-1 was attributed to acid absorption and the FTIR spectrum indicated that formation of an ester group had occurred. TMEAA was used as a carrier compound in the BLM technique to transport Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III), usin...
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This paper presents a characterization of an integrated ozone generator constructed by seven of reactors of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP). DBDP a has spiral-cylindrical configuration. Silence plasma produced ozone inside the... more
This paper presents a characterization of an integrated ozone generator constructed by seven of reactors of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP). DBDP a has spiral-cylindrical configuration. Silence plasma produced ozone inside the DBDP reactor was generated by AC-HV with voltage up to 25 kV and maximum frequency of 23 kHz. As a source of ozone, dry air was pumped into the generator and controlled by valves system and a flowmeter. We found ozone concentration increased with the applied voltage, but in contrary, the concentration decreased with the flow rate of dry air. It was also found that a maximum concentration was 20 mg/L and ozone capacity of 48 g/h with an input power of 1.4 kW. Moreover, in this generator, IP efficiency of 8.13 g/kWh was obtained at input power 0.45 kW and air flow rate of 9 L/min. Therefore, be the higher ozone capacity can be produced with higher input power; however, it provided lower IP efficiency. The effect of dry air flow rate and applied voltag...
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Reaction on Fries rearrangement by used catalyst AICE anhidrous has been conducted to phenyl cinnamic. Reaction was carried out at 100 °C for two hours. Based on the resulting analysis by UV-Vis and infra red spectrophotometer, it was... more
Reaction on Fries rearrangement by used catalyst AICE anhidrous has been conducted to phenyl cinnamic. Reaction was carried out at 100 °C for two hours. Based on the resulting analysis by UV-Vis and infra red spectrophotometer, it was known thai reaction of Fries rearrangement has been gone. From the result of synthesis was obtained two compounds are para-hydroxy chalcone and flavanone, which result of isomerization from ono-hidroxy chal cone.Reaksi penataan Wang Fries dengan menggunakan katalis A1C13 anhidrat telah dilakukan terhadap senyawa fenil sinamat. Reaksi berlangsung pada temperatur 100 °C selama 2 jam. Analisis produk reaksi dengan rnenggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan infra merah, mengindikasikan bahwa reaksi penataan ulang Fries telah berlangsung. Dafi hasil sintesis didapatkan dua senyawa yaitu para-hidroksi kalkon dan Amnon yang merupakan hasil isomerisasi dad orto-hidroksi Lai Icon
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Plasma with atmospheric gas source (are about 78,08% nitrogen, 20,95% oxygen, 0,93% argon and 0,03% carbon dioxide) have been used to study the effect of palmitic acid physical and chemical characteristic changes. Plasma that generated by... more
Plasma with atmospheric gas source (are about 78,08% nitrogen, 20,95% oxygen, 0,93% argon and 0,03% carbon dioxide) have been used to study the effect of palmitic acid physical and chemical characteristic changes. Plasma that generated by air at atmosphere condition had been used to exposed palmitic acid at varieted times of 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. As a reference was the palmitic acid without plasma exposure. The effect performed by plasma exposure to palmitic acid was shown from its liquid characteristic that was known from the change of carboxlylic group reactivity to KOH and I2, melting point, and its bioactivity changes. The reactivity of palmitic acid liquid to KOH was determined by method of acid and saponification value. The reactivity to I2 was measured by method of iod number. From the research, it can be concludes that plasma exposure can give the effect to the palmitic acid bioactivity and the changes of carboxylic group reactivity of palmitic acid to KOH and iodide with fluktuative design. Plasma exposure can be decrease the palmitic acid melting point from 62OC to 58OC, but, it was not cause the hydrocarbon-chain fragmentation.
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Reduksi asam karboksilat termasuk asam palmitat cenderung sulit dan membutuhkan reduktor yang sangat kuat, salah satunya boran yang dapat diperoleh dengan sistem NaBH4/ BF3.Et2O sehingga dapat mereduksi asam palmitat menjadi setil... more
Reduksi asam karboksilat termasuk asam palmitat cenderung sulit dan membutuhkan reduktor yang sangat kuat, salah satunya boran yang dapat diperoleh dengan sistem NaBH4/ BF3.Et2O sehingga dapat mereduksi asam palmitat menjadi setil alkohol, suatu fatty alcohol. Fatty alcohol dengan rantai karbon lebih dari 17 telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereduksi asam palmitat menjadi setil alkohol dengan menggunakan sistem NaBH4/BF3.Et2O serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri yang mungkin dimiliki setil alkohol dari produk reduksi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli dengan metode difusi kertas cakram. Hasil penelitian diperoleh padatan berwarna putih dengan rendemen sebesar 77,51 % dan titik leleh ± 50 oC. Data spektrum FT-IR terlihat bahwa asam palmitat telah tereduksi menjadi setil alkohol, meskipun belum sempurna. Berdasarkan hasil uji antibakteri senyawa produk reduksi dapat berperan sebagai antibakteri. Berdasarkan analisa sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan, aktifitas antibakteri paling efektif pada bakteri S. aureus dibanding dengan E. Coli, sedangkan perlakuan konsentrasi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata.
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The reactions of amine group protection of L-valine and L-cysteine have been accomplished in this research with formic acid protecting agent to form formamide L-valine and formamide L-cysteine respectively. This two formamides of the... more
The reactions of amine group protection of L-valine and L-cysteine have been accomplished in this research with formic acid protecting agent to form formamide L-valine and formamide L-cysteine respectively. This two formamides of the amino acid would be used to synthesize 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA), a very important key intermediate for a new β-lactame antibiotic. The reaction was carried out in a round bottom flask of a refluks set at 50-60oC for 60-90 minutes. After the time was over, the liquid excess was separated employing Buchii rotary evaporator and then it was recrystalized with ethanol for pure crystal. The crystal produced from L-valine treatments melted at 153-154oC, and those from L-cysteine melted at 129-131oC. The crystals each gave one mark on a 60F254 silica gel TLC plate and their IR spectrum each indicated that the reactions of those was successfull to be done, and each formed formamide L-valine and formamide L-cysteine respectively.
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Hespename and its aglikone are rasemic which one is active coumpound, and another is not active coumpound. base on it, so M the reaseach have been resoiuted to this rasemic i.e (±)- hesperitine and (-)-hesperitine. the methode that used... more
Hespename and its aglikone are rasemic which one is active coumpound, and another is not active coumpound. base on it, so M the reaseach have been resoiuted to this rasemic i.e (±)- hesperitine and (-)-hesperitine. the methode that used to resolution of this rasernic is formation of cyclical kethal hesperitine from r“semic with (2R,3R)-butanediol as reactant. Rasemic have a different of physically properties, so their could be separated easelly. The result of this research that using column chromatografi methode with heksana: etil asetat (1:4) as eluent is formation of cyclical kethal hesperitin with 21 % convertion. tiesperkim dan agiikonnya di pasaran merupakan campuran rasemat, yang mana saian satu dan pasangan rasemat tersebut mempunyai aktivitas yang tebili chbandingitan yang tairtnya, seciangkan yang satunya ciimungkinkan mempunyai aictivitas yang sebaiiicnya. Eterdasarican hai tersebut ciatam penentian ini ditakukan pemisahan terhadap pasangan rasemat hesperstin (+) dan hesperitin (-). Metode untuk memisahkan kedua rasemat tersebut dengan cara direaksikan dengan (2R,3R)-butanadiol menghasilkan sepasang diastereomer ketal siklik hesperitin. Sepasang diastereomer mempunyai shat lisika yang secara umum berbeda, sehingga kedua dapat dipisahkan. Dan basil penelinan menggunakan kromatograti kolom dengan eluen heksana: efil asetat (1:4) didapat bahwa hasil reaksi siklisasi untuk menghasilkan senyawa ketal midis mempurryai konversi 21 'Yit_
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Minyak ikan Kembung dapat diperoleh sebanyak kurang lebih 9,03 % v/b melalui proses ekstraksi sokshlet menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Komposisi asam lemak penyusun minyak ikan ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan instrumen GC-MS (Gas... more
Minyak ikan Kembung dapat diperoleh sebanyak kurang lebih 9,03 % v/b melalui proses ekstraksi sokshlet menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Komposisi asam lemak penyusun minyak ikan ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan instrumen GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) dan toksisitasnya di uji terhadap Artemia salina Leach dengan metoda BSLT. Data GC-MS menunjukkan adanya 5 asam lemak mayor yang terkandung di dalam minyak ikan ini, yaitu asam miristat (17,86%), palmitoleat (19,96%), palmitat (20,16%), oleat (21,99%) dan stearat (22,19%). Sedangkan dari uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT, diperoleh nilai LC 50 ekstrak minyak ikan sebesar 5,97 ppm. Kata kunci: minyak ikan Kembung, ekstrak minyak ikan, minyak ikan mentah, asam lemak. PENDAHULUAN Pemanfaatan ikan laut di Indonesia sampai sejauh ini masih terbatas hanya sebagai bahan pangan. Hal ini memberi konsekwensi kepada nilai ekonomi ikan laut relatif rendah. Untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi ikan laut diperlukan penelitian yang meng...
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Porous Polystyrene nanospheres (PSNs)-Cd metal thin film of about 375.72 angstrom
Metals particles-covered Polystyrene Nanospheres (M-CPSNs) could be prepared through simple chemistry reaction. Analyzing Cd metal particles-covered PSNs as a model for metals particles-covered Polystyrene Nanospheres with ATR-FTIR... more
Metals particles-covered Polystyrene Nanospheres (M-CPSNs) could be prepared through simple chemistry reaction. Analyzing Cd metal particles-covered PSNs as a model for metals particles-covered Polystyrene Nanospheres with ATR-FTIR spectrometry and FESEM, it prove that metals can be attached to polystyrene polymer. In determining the wave number ranges of 1700-1600 cm-1 and 1500-1200 cm-1 , signficant different of ATR-FTIR spectra are generated between pristine PSNs and cadmium-covered PSNs. In addition, surface morphology of pristine PSNs thin film explored with FESEM revealed sharply different from that of cadmium-covered PSNs one. It indicated that PSNs particles surface have succesfully been fully covered by cadmium metals particles. Therefore it could be concluded that cadmium metals particles-covered PSNs thin film could be fabricated as a way to embedded metal to polymer which could be usefull in creating embeded nancatalysts and the model is ilustrated as the following Fig. 2.
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Page 1. DOSEN MUDA LAPORAN KEGIATAN AMBANG RESISTENSIIKAN BANDENG DAN UDANG TERHADAP TOLUENA, ETIL BENZENA DAN DIMETIL FTALAT BERDASARKAN MODEL BIOAKUNIULASI KOMPARTEMEN TUNGGAL Oleh: Drs. ...
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It was well known that cadmium metals particles-covered 200 nm Polystyrene Nanospheres (PSNs) thin film material could be prepared from its according colloidal metals precursor of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, Cd (NO 3) 2. 4H 2 O in... more
It was well known that cadmium metals particles-covered 200 nm Polystyrene Nanospheres (PSNs) thin film material could be prepared from its according colloidal metals precursor of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, Cd (NO 3) 2. 4H 2 O in water-polyvinil pyrrolidone (PVP) homogeneous mixture. After reducing it with sodium borohidride, NaBH 4 then thin films of the colloidal were fabricated on a hydrophilic silicon wafer through gently dropping method and subsequently it was analyzed by both analytical isntruments of ATR-FTIR ...
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It has been reported that polymer resist such as PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate) which is a well known and commonly used polymer resist for fabrication of electronic devices can show zwitter characteristic due to over exposure to electron... more
It has been reported that polymer resist such as PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate) which is a well known and commonly used polymer resist for fabrication of electronic devices can show zwitter characteristic due to over exposure to electron beam radiation[1]. Overexposed PMMA tend to changes their molecular structure to either become negative or positive resist corresponded to electron beam irradiation doses. These characteristic was due to crosslinking and scissors of the PMMA molecular structures, but till now the understanding of crosslinking and scissors of the polymer resist molecular structure due to electron beam exposure were still unknown to researchers [2-5].Previously we have over exposed polystyrene nanospheres to various radiation sources, such as electron beam, solar radiation and laser, which is another compound that can act as polymer resist. We investigated the physical and chemical structures of the irradiated polystyrene nanospheres with FTIR analysis. It is found that the physical and chemical changes of the irradiated polystyrene were found to be corresponded with the radiation dosages. Later, combining Laser irradiation and Reactive Ion Etching manipulation, created a facile technique that we called as LARIEA NSL (Laser and Reactive Ion Etching Assisted Nanosphere Lithography) which can be a facile technique to fabricate controllable carbonaceous nanoparticles for applications such as lithographic mask, catalysts and heavy metal absorbers.
Research Interests:
The effects of solar radiations on physical properties and molecular structures of 200 nm polystyrene nanospheres (PSN) coated on silicon wafer were explored by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total... more
The effects of solar radiations on physical properties and molecular structures of 200 nm polystyrene nanospheres (PSN) coated on silicon wafer were explored by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer. It is revealed the particles shape of PSN changed from spherical to dumbbell-like shape after solar irradiation. Reduction of the PSN size as much as 23.79% after 5 minutes exposure was also observed in PSN particles. We believed that some of the phenyl moieties of polystyrene broke down to facilitate carbon-carbon cross linkage bonds intra- as well as inter-PSN particles and were shown by ATR-FTIR spectrums. These results proven the shrinkage of PSN particles were caused by the change of the molecular structure of the irradiated PSN to be much more dense material.