This study investigated the need and applicability of wetland tourism for resource conservation, ... more This study investigated the need and applicability of wetland tourism for resource conservation, using the case of Ghoda-ghodi Lake Complex, a Ramsar Site in western Nepal. The travel cost method (TCM) was used to determine the recreation potential of the lake complex, while the contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to calculate willingness of visitors to pay an entry fee as a payment vehicle for conservation. The per capita travel cost was found to be NPR 540 (US $7.71), while the mean willingness to pay an entry fee was NPR 34 (US $0.48) per visitor per entry. In addition, factors affecting wetland visitation rates and maximum willingness to pay were identified. Policy implications include the establishment of an entry fee system to offset conservation budgetary constraints, government investment in social benefits equating to at least per capita travel cost identified, and public-private partnerships, with community participation in tourism promotion and wetland conservation.
Marketing, particularly for new products, heavily depends on advertising. Advertising creates awa... more Marketing, particularly for new products, heavily depends on advertising. Advertising creates awareness among the potential buyers of the product and also poses the product as a need even if it is a want in reality. This study analyzed contents of 1749 marketing messages of Geographic Information (GI) product advertisements over the period of two decades (1989 to 2008). A tailored methodology was developed based on the approach of Resnick and Stern (1977). The contents analyzed include changing pattern of marketing message in the area of picture and text ratio, relevancy of headline message, sub-headline message and picture to the advertised products, image colour depth, and message media. The use of picture dominated the text in the second half of the study period. A majority of the headline messages were of a direct product descriptive nature while the use of indirect product descriptive type gained momentum lately. The use of sub-headline message was found to be comparatively low. Pictorial elements/images of the products were mirrored in a majority of the marketing messages. Photorealistic image dominated the message having the combination of both image and text. The study also revealed that marketing messages of GIS software products were dominant in the first half while it was GPS/survey product in the second half. No significant relationship was found between various elements of the GI product marketing messages. Based on the above findings, the likely future trends of GI product marketing messages were predicted.
Wetlands comprise an important ecosystem but are under threat in developing countries due to incr... more Wetlands comprise an important ecosystem but are under threat in developing countries due to increasing human
encroachment. Community-based conservation is an approach for sustainable management of the wetlands near settlements.
This study investigated willingness to pay of local people for community-based conservation activities and the variables
affecting it in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, Nepal. A sample of 217 households residing near the lake complex was
surveyed. The result showed that households were willing to pay for community-based conservation activities, at an average
of NPR 378 (US$5.4) per annum. The age of the household head, wetland income, agricultural income and prior
experiences on participation in conservation activities positively affected household’s willingness to pay. Government
expenditure of at least the amount of willingness to pay estimated by this study for the community-based conservation
activities would be economically and environmentally justified.
This study investigated the need and applicability of wetland tourism for resource conservation, ... more This study investigated the need and applicability of wetland tourism for resource conservation, using the case of Ghoda-ghodi Lake Complex, a Ramsar Site in western Nepal. The travel cost method (TCM) was used to determine the recreation potential of the lake complex, while the contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to calculate willingness of visitors to pay an entry fee as a payment vehicle for conservation. The per capita travel cost was found to be NPR 540 (US $7.71), while the mean willingness to pay an entry fee was NPR 34 (US $0.48) per visitor per entry. In addition, factors affecting wetland visitation rates and maximum willingness to pay were identified. Policy implications include the establishment of an entry fee system to offset conservation budgetary constraints, government investment in social benefits equating to at least per capita travel cost identified, and public-private partnerships, with community participation in tourism promotion and wetland conservation.
Marketing, particularly for new products, heavily depends on advertising. Advertising creates awa... more Marketing, particularly for new products, heavily depends on advertising. Advertising creates awareness among the potential buyers of the product and also poses the product as a need even if it is a want in reality. This study analyzed contents of 1749 marketing messages of Geographic Information (GI) product advertisements over the period of two decades (1989 to 2008). A tailored methodology was developed based on the approach of Resnick and Stern (1977). The contents analyzed include changing pattern of marketing message in the area of picture and text ratio, relevancy of headline message, sub-headline message and picture to the advertised products, image colour depth, and message media. The use of picture dominated the text in the second half of the study period. A majority of the headline messages were of a direct product descriptive nature while the use of indirect product descriptive type gained momentum lately. The use of sub-headline message was found to be comparatively low. Pictorial elements/images of the products were mirrored in a majority of the marketing messages. Photorealistic image dominated the message having the combination of both image and text. The study also revealed that marketing messages of GIS software products were dominant in the first half while it was GPS/survey product in the second half. No significant relationship was found between various elements of the GI product marketing messages. Based on the above findings, the likely future trends of GI product marketing messages were predicted.
Wetlands comprise an important ecosystem but are under threat in developing countries due to incr... more Wetlands comprise an important ecosystem but are under threat in developing countries due to increasing human
encroachment. Community-based conservation is an approach for sustainable management of the wetlands near settlements.
This study investigated willingness to pay of local people for community-based conservation activities and the variables
affecting it in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, Nepal. A sample of 217 households residing near the lake complex was
surveyed. The result showed that households were willing to pay for community-based conservation activities, at an average
of NPR 378 (US$5.4) per annum. The age of the household head, wetland income, agricultural income and prior
experiences on participation in conservation activities positively affected household’s willingness to pay. Government
expenditure of at least the amount of willingness to pay estimated by this study for the community-based conservation
activities would be economically and environmentally justified.
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potential buyers of the product and also poses the product as a need even if it is a want in reality. This study analyzed
contents of 1749 marketing messages of Geographic Information (GI) product advertisements over the period of two
decades (1989 to 2008). A tailored methodology was developed based on the approach of Resnick and Stern (1977).
The contents analyzed include changing pattern of marketing message in the area of picture and text ratio, relevancy
of headline message, sub-headline message and picture to the advertised products, image colour depth, and message
media. The use of picture dominated the text in the second half of the study period. A majority of the headline
messages were of a direct product descriptive nature while the use of indirect product descriptive type gained
momentum lately. The use of sub-headline message was found to be comparatively low. Pictorial elements/images of
the products were mirrored in a majority of the marketing messages. Photorealistic image dominated the message
having the combination of both image and text. The study also revealed that marketing messages of GIS software
products were dominant in the first half while it was GPS/survey product in the second half. No significant
relationship was found between various elements of the GI product marketing messages. Based on the above findings,
the likely future trends of GI product marketing messages were predicted.
encroachment. Community-based conservation is an approach for sustainable management of the wetlands near settlements.
This study investigated willingness to pay of local people for community-based conservation activities and the variables
affecting it in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, Nepal. A sample of 217 households residing near the lake complex was
surveyed. The result showed that households were willing to pay for community-based conservation activities, at an average
of NPR 378 (US$5.4) per annum. The age of the household head, wetland income, agricultural income and prior
experiences on participation in conservation activities positively affected household’s willingness to pay. Government
expenditure of at least the amount of willingness to pay estimated by this study for the community-based conservation
activities would be economically and environmentally justified.
potential buyers of the product and also poses the product as a need even if it is a want in reality. This study analyzed
contents of 1749 marketing messages of Geographic Information (GI) product advertisements over the period of two
decades (1989 to 2008). A tailored methodology was developed based on the approach of Resnick and Stern (1977).
The contents analyzed include changing pattern of marketing message in the area of picture and text ratio, relevancy
of headline message, sub-headline message and picture to the advertised products, image colour depth, and message
media. The use of picture dominated the text in the second half of the study period. A majority of the headline
messages were of a direct product descriptive nature while the use of indirect product descriptive type gained
momentum lately. The use of sub-headline message was found to be comparatively low. Pictorial elements/images of
the products were mirrored in a majority of the marketing messages. Photorealistic image dominated the message
having the combination of both image and text. The study also revealed that marketing messages of GIS software
products were dominant in the first half while it was GPS/survey product in the second half. No significant
relationship was found between various elements of the GI product marketing messages. Based on the above findings,
the likely future trends of GI product marketing messages were predicted.
encroachment. Community-based conservation is an approach for sustainable management of the wetlands near settlements.
This study investigated willingness to pay of local people for community-based conservation activities and the variables
affecting it in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, Nepal. A sample of 217 households residing near the lake complex was
surveyed. The result showed that households were willing to pay for community-based conservation activities, at an average
of NPR 378 (US$5.4) per annum. The age of the household head, wetland income, agricultural income and prior
experiences on participation in conservation activities positively affected household’s willingness to pay. Government
expenditure of at least the amount of willingness to pay estimated by this study for the community-based conservation
activities would be economically and environmentally justified.