Egyptologist, Archaeologist, GEO EPOCHE-text editor. Here you will find my scientific papers and books on the history of the light horse drawn chariot, horse gear and weaponry in Ancient Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean.
Achse, Rad und Wagen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Landfahrzeuge 14, 2006
In late summer of 1999 a team of two jung talented carpenters took the challenge, to built an anc... more In late summer of 1999 a team of two jung talented carpenters took the challenge, to built an ancient egyptian chariot using the old technique of heat bended wood. I was happy to work as their scientific consultant. The result is – as far as I know – still the most accurate life size replica of an ancient egyptian chariot. It may be seen in the collections of the Roemer- and Pelzaeus-Museum in Hildesheim, Germany http://www.rpmuseum.de/. This article describes, how the chariot was constructed – and what we have learned during the whole process.
Joan Goodnick Westenholz (Ed.), Capital Cities: Urban Planning and Spiritual Dimensions, Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem, 1998
In May 27-29 1996 the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem hosted the symposion "Capital Cities: Urban Pl... more In May 27-29 1996 the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem hosted the symposion "Capital Cities: Urban Planning and Spiritual Dimensions". It accompanied the exhibition "City of the Bible" held in the same museum. This article features the results of excavations of the royal horse stables (Site QIV) of Piramesses, Capital of Ramesside Egypt, which is situated in the vicinity of and beneath the modern settlement Qantir, approximately 100 km north of Cairo and 80 km west of Ismaelia on the Suez Canal. Piramesses is believed to be identical with the biblical city "Ramesses", due to the Holy Scripture the starting point of the Exodus.
"Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstück - Festschrift Hartwig Altenmüller zum 65. Geburtstag", Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur - Beihefte, 2003
Während des Neuen Reiches hat auch die Rüstungsindustrie einen Anteil am Aufstieg Ägyptens zur We... more Während des Neuen Reiches hat auch die Rüstungsindustrie einen Anteil am Aufstieg Ägyptens zur Weltmacht. Erschreckend dünn ist dagegen die Beleglage für entsprechende Berufsbezeichnungen, Darstellungen und Ausgrabungsergebnisse. Anlass dieses Artikels ist daher die Rekonstruktion einer äußerst seltenen Szene: Sie zeigt Teile der chepesch-Waffenkammer und stammt aus dem Grab des Ky-jrj, der wohl in der 19. Dynastie Vorsteher der Handwerkerschaft dieser Institution gewesen ist. Seine Wirkungsstätte und Aufgabenbereiche werden hier ebenso ergründet wie die Abhängigkeit zwischen Streitwagentruppe und Stellmachereien.
Qantir-Piramesses, capital of Ramesside Egypt, is known for its vast workshops connected to the p... more Qantir-Piramesses, capital of Ramesside Egypt, is known for its vast workshops connected to the production of weapons and chariot equipment. This article provides the reader with a detailed study of the manufacturing of two pairs of ancient horse bits - metallurgical data included
Rolf Gundlach & Carola Vogel (Ed.), "Militärgeschichte des pharaonischen Ägypten: Altägypten und seine Nachbarkulturen im Spiegel aktueller Forschung", Krieg in der Geschichte 34, 2009
The version of this article is the last proof of: Anja Herold, "Aspekte ägyptischer Waffentechnol... more The version of this article is the last proof of: Anja Herold, "Aspekte ägyptischer Waffentechnologie – von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende des Neuen Reiches", in: Rolf Gundlach & Carola Vogel (Ed.), "Militärgeschichte des pharaonischen Ägypten: Altägypten und seine Nachbarkulturen im Spiegel aktueller Forschung", Krieg in der Geschichte 34, Schöningh 2009, pp. 187-216.
Content: The article covers the development of weapons and weaponry in Ancient Egypt - from the earliest times until the end of the New Kingdom. The plates are not included in this version.
Achse, Rad und Wagen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Landfahrzeuge 9, 2001
Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta, once housed t... more Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta, once housed the headquarters of pharaos army, including horse stables and workshops for chariots. This short article describes what amazing stuff has been found, e.g. stone parts of chariots, bronze horse bits, etc.
The prehistory and history of glassmaking technology, 1998
Excavation at Qantir, Nile Delta has provided insight into organization and development of an ind... more Excavation at Qantir, Nile Delta has provided insight into organization and development of an industrial estate of Ramesside Egypt. In founding the new capital of Egypt, Piramesses, during the 19th Dynasty, a huge bronze-casting factory was built, accompanied by a range of other, non-metallic high-temperature industries. Besides abundant production of faience implements, coated with copper-colored glazes, and the manufacturing of Egyptian blue, the coloration of large quantities of red glass also played a major role. In addition, cold ...
The light horse drawn chariot used in the late 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and the Eastern Mediter... more The light horse drawn chariot used in the late 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean was mainly constructed out of wood, leather, hide, metal - and STONE. This book presents the largest range of stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor frame ever found in the Eastern Mediterranean thus far. The bulk of the material presented was found in Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta.
Importance of research: Since wood and leather will decay over the centuries and metal will most likely be recycled, the stone parts of the chariot made from e.g. limestone, calcite or marble are the only parts to survive. The stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor are type fossiles. If recognized, they proof the former presence of chariots. So check out.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Grabungen-Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Qantir-Pi-Ramesse/dp/B01LP22RY8/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507669049&sr=1-4&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
This is the nearly final draft of Anja Herold, "Streitwagentechnologie in der Ramses-Stadt - Bron... more This is the nearly final draft of Anja Herold, "Streitwagentechnologie in der Ramses-Stadt - Bronze an Pferd und Wagen", FoRa 2, Mainz 1999.
Please note: All figures, plans and plates are missing.
Content: The book presents the bronze parts of chariots and horse gear found at Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta. The finds comprise several horse bits, a linch pin, a hub cap, a blinker, nails as well as gold foils. Especially the horse bits are discussed in a wider range, covering and presenting all horse bits from pharaonic times ever found in Egypt up to the year 1998.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Pi-Ramesse-Streitwagentechnologie-Ramses-Stadt/dp/3805323115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507670821&sr=1-1&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
Achse, Rad und Wagen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Landfahrzeuge 14, 2006
In late summer of 1999 a team of two jung talented carpenters took the challenge, to built an anc... more In late summer of 1999 a team of two jung talented carpenters took the challenge, to built an ancient egyptian chariot using the old technique of heat bended wood. I was happy to work as their scientific consultant. The result is – as far as I know – still the most accurate life size replica of an ancient egyptian chariot. It may be seen in the collections of the Roemer- and Pelzaeus-Museum in Hildesheim, Germany http://www.rpmuseum.de/. This article describes, how the chariot was constructed – and what we have learned during the whole process.
Joan Goodnick Westenholz (Ed.), Capital Cities: Urban Planning and Spiritual Dimensions, Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem, 1998
In May 27-29 1996 the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem hosted the symposion "Capital Cities: Urban Pl... more In May 27-29 1996 the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem hosted the symposion "Capital Cities: Urban Planning and Spiritual Dimensions". It accompanied the exhibition "City of the Bible" held in the same museum. This article features the results of excavations of the royal horse stables (Site QIV) of Piramesses, Capital of Ramesside Egypt, which is situated in the vicinity of and beneath the modern settlement Qantir, approximately 100 km north of Cairo and 80 km west of Ismaelia on the Suez Canal. Piramesses is believed to be identical with the biblical city "Ramesses", due to the Holy Scripture the starting point of the Exodus.
"Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstück - Festschrift Hartwig Altenmüller zum 65. Geburtstag", Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur - Beihefte, 2003
Während des Neuen Reiches hat auch die Rüstungsindustrie einen Anteil am Aufstieg Ägyptens zur We... more Während des Neuen Reiches hat auch die Rüstungsindustrie einen Anteil am Aufstieg Ägyptens zur Weltmacht. Erschreckend dünn ist dagegen die Beleglage für entsprechende Berufsbezeichnungen, Darstellungen und Ausgrabungsergebnisse. Anlass dieses Artikels ist daher die Rekonstruktion einer äußerst seltenen Szene: Sie zeigt Teile der chepesch-Waffenkammer und stammt aus dem Grab des Ky-jrj, der wohl in der 19. Dynastie Vorsteher der Handwerkerschaft dieser Institution gewesen ist. Seine Wirkungsstätte und Aufgabenbereiche werden hier ebenso ergründet wie die Abhängigkeit zwischen Streitwagentruppe und Stellmachereien.
Qantir-Piramesses, capital of Ramesside Egypt, is known for its vast workshops connected to the p... more Qantir-Piramesses, capital of Ramesside Egypt, is known for its vast workshops connected to the production of weapons and chariot equipment. This article provides the reader with a detailed study of the manufacturing of two pairs of ancient horse bits - metallurgical data included
Rolf Gundlach & Carola Vogel (Ed.), "Militärgeschichte des pharaonischen Ägypten: Altägypten und seine Nachbarkulturen im Spiegel aktueller Forschung", Krieg in der Geschichte 34, 2009
The version of this article is the last proof of: Anja Herold, "Aspekte ägyptischer Waffentechnol... more The version of this article is the last proof of: Anja Herold, "Aspekte ägyptischer Waffentechnologie – von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende des Neuen Reiches", in: Rolf Gundlach & Carola Vogel (Ed.), "Militärgeschichte des pharaonischen Ägypten: Altägypten und seine Nachbarkulturen im Spiegel aktueller Forschung", Krieg in der Geschichte 34, Schöningh 2009, pp. 187-216.
Content: The article covers the development of weapons and weaponry in Ancient Egypt - from the earliest times until the end of the New Kingdom. The plates are not included in this version.
Achse, Rad und Wagen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Landfahrzeuge 9, 2001
Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta, once housed t... more Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta, once housed the headquarters of pharaos army, including horse stables and workshops for chariots. This short article describes what amazing stuff has been found, e.g. stone parts of chariots, bronze horse bits, etc.
The prehistory and history of glassmaking technology, 1998
Excavation at Qantir, Nile Delta has provided insight into organization and development of an ind... more Excavation at Qantir, Nile Delta has provided insight into organization and development of an industrial estate of Ramesside Egypt. In founding the new capital of Egypt, Piramesses, during the 19th Dynasty, a huge bronze-casting factory was built, accompanied by a range of other, non-metallic high-temperature industries. Besides abundant production of faience implements, coated with copper-colored glazes, and the manufacturing of Egyptian blue, the coloration of large quantities of red glass also played a major role. In addition, cold ...
The light horse drawn chariot used in the late 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and the Eastern Mediter... more The light horse drawn chariot used in the late 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean was mainly constructed out of wood, leather, hide, metal - and STONE. This book presents the largest range of stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor frame ever found in the Eastern Mediterranean thus far. The bulk of the material presented was found in Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta.
Importance of research: Since wood and leather will decay over the centuries and metal will most likely be recycled, the stone parts of the chariot made from e.g. limestone, calcite or marble are the only parts to survive. The stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor are type fossiles. If recognized, they proof the former presence of chariots. So check out.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Grabungen-Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Qantir-Pi-Ramesse/dp/B01LP22RY8/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507669049&sr=1-4&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
This is the nearly final draft of Anja Herold, "Streitwagentechnologie in der Ramses-Stadt - Bron... more This is the nearly final draft of Anja Herold, "Streitwagentechnologie in der Ramses-Stadt - Bronze an Pferd und Wagen", FoRa 2, Mainz 1999.
Please note: All figures, plans and plates are missing.
Content: The book presents the bronze parts of chariots and horse gear found at Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta. The finds comprise several horse bits, a linch pin, a hub cap, a blinker, nails as well as gold foils. Especially the horse bits are discussed in a wider range, covering and presenting all horse bits from pharaonic times ever found in Egypt up to the year 1998.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Pi-Ramesse-Streitwagentechnologie-Ramses-Stadt/dp/3805323115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507670821&sr=1-1&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
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Papers by Anja Herold
Content: The article covers the development of weapons and weaponry in Ancient Egypt - from the earliest times until the end of the New Kingdom. The plates are not included in this version.
Books by Anja Herold
Importance of research: Since wood and leather will decay over the centuries and metal will most likely be recycled, the stone parts of the chariot made from e.g. limestone, calcite or marble are the only parts to survive. The stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor are type fossiles. If recognized, they proof the former presence of chariots. So check out.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Grabungen-Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Qantir-Pi-Ramesse/dp/B01LP22RY8/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507669049&sr=1-4&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
Please note: All figures, plans and plates are missing.
Content: The book presents the bronze parts of chariots and horse gear found at Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta. The finds comprise several horse bits, a linch pin, a hub cap, a blinker, nails as well as gold foils. Especially the horse bits are discussed in a wider range, covering and presenting all horse bits from pharaonic times ever found in Egypt up to the year 1998.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Pi-Ramesse-Streitwagentechnologie-Ramses-Stadt/dp/3805323115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507670821&sr=1-1&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
Content: The article covers the development of weapons and weaponry in Ancient Egypt - from the earliest times until the end of the New Kingdom. The plates are not included in this version.
Importance of research: Since wood and leather will decay over the centuries and metal will most likely be recycled, the stone parts of the chariot made from e.g. limestone, calcite or marble are the only parts to survive. The stone yoke saddle knobs, yoke finials as well as disks from the rear part of the chariot floor are type fossiles. If recognized, they proof the former presence of chariots. So check out.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Grabungen-Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Qantir-Pi-Ramesse/dp/B01LP22RY8/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507669049&sr=1-4&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt
Please note: All figures, plans and plates are missing.
Content: The book presents the bronze parts of chariots and horse gear found at Qantir Piramesses, the former capital of Ramesside Egypt in the Eastern Nile Delta. The finds comprise several horse bits, a linch pin, a hub cap, a blinker, nails as well as gold foils. Especially the horse bits are discussed in a wider range, covering and presenting all horse bits from pharaonic times ever found in Egypt up to the year 1998.
For orders:
https://www.amazon.de/Pelizaeus-Museums-Hildesheim-Pi-Ramesse-Streitwagentechnologie-Ramses-Stadt/dp/3805323115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507670821&sr=1-1&keywords=Streitwagentechnologie+in+der+Ramses-Stadt