Through a two-part approach, this article sheds new light on the history of Lake Bafa (modern Bafa Gölü in western Turkey) and the surrounding regions of northwestern Karia and southern Ionia during the last millennia from historical, geoarchaeological, and palynological perspectives. One focus lies on the evaluation of literary, epigraphic, numismatic, and archaeological testimonia to find out how the immigrant Greeks and indigenous Karians created charter myths to sanction their land ownership, e.g. by renaming places and landmarks and locating heroes like Latmos, Endymion and Phthir within the landscape. Another key aspect is the evolution of Lake Bafa and its environs. The spatio-temporal changes of this residual lake formed from the former marine ‘Latmian Gulf’ (Ancient Greek: Latmikos Kolpos) are comprehensively reconstructed, based on the synopsis of evidence from the natural sciences and humanities. Its evolution was caused and controlled by the progradation of the Maeander delta (Turkish: Büyük Menderes), which had profound consequences for the rise and decline of several ancient seaport cities, like Myous, Priene, Latmos-Herakleia and Miletos. Finally, the lake sediments are displayed as an excellent geo-bio-archive which helps to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The results contribute to a ‘human geography’ resp. ‘anthropogeography’ of the lower Maeander River region.
"We are very much aware that many people now have an academia.edu site, which they use to disseminate their work. However, Academia.edu and similar sites are not non-profit organizations and they do not exist simply to disseminate information. Our contract with JSTOR grants them exclusive online rights to our articles for a period of three years (the length of time they are included in their Current Scholarship Program). What we recommend to people wishing to use academia.edu is that you post your title page and provide the JSTOR link for your article":
Instead of paying 12 $ to JSTOR, you can also get a free and complete (86 pages) pdf by contacting the authors directly (this pdf also has all original colour figures: Hesperia charges authors with 250 $ for each colour figure in print; in our case, we decided to have only 5 figures printed in colour, for 1,250 $ !!):
During the past six millennia, the famous ancient harbour city Miletus and its environs have expe... more During the past six millennia, the famous ancient harbour city Miletus and its environs have experienced major changes in palaeogeography and palaeoecology, related to (a) the progradation of the Büyük Menderes river delta, (b) fluctuations of sea level within the framework of the post-glacial marine transgression, and (c) the permanent human impact on the ecosystem since Late Chalcolithic times. In this paper, we present new results of our geo-archaeological research in and around Miletus examining palaeogeographic changes and their relation to human settlement activities over different historical periods. Palaeoecology of both coastal and terrestrial environments were reconstructed using sedimentological, foraminiferal, archaeozoological and palynological criteria. Analyses of sediment cores collected around the Temple of Athena revealed that sea level reached its highest stand during the Early Bronze age. a similar pattern is evident on the southern fringe of Lion Harbour embayment around the later sanctuary of Apollo Delphinius, where cultural debris from the Late Chalcolithic period is covered by shallow marine sediments. In the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, the introduction of the goat by the Minoans was a major factor for the progressive degradation of the climax vegetation (open deciduous oak forests) which resulted in increased soil erosion and associated accumulation in the coastal zone. These environmental changes, together with the fall in relative sea level, contributed to the rapid transformation of the Milesian archipelago to the Milesian peninsula during the second millennium BC. In the 6th century BC, the town centre (agora) with the Delphinium and the surrounding areas was extended by man made infill of the southern part of Lion Harbour embayment. Siltation caused by progradation of the Maeander delta since Roman Imperial times largely infilled the harbours of the city and subsequently integrated the peninsula into the floodplain.
Detailed investigations on the Holocene stratigraphy of the lower Messenian plain (SW Peloponnese... more Detailed investigations on the Holocene stratigraphy of the lower Messenian plain (SW Peloponnese, Greece) carried out within the framework of a geoarchaeological study on the Protogeometric Poseidon Sanctuary of Akovitika indicate significant shoreline fluctuations during Holocene times. Sedimentary, geochemical, mineralogical, and microfossil analyses of 18 vibracores document a maximum landward shoreline displacement around 3000 BC. Subsequently, increased sediment loads entering
Through a two-part approach, this article sheds new light on the history of Lake Bafa (modern Bafa Gölü in western Turkey) and the surrounding regions of northwestern Karia and southern Ionia during the last millennia from historical, geoarchaeological, and palynological perspectives. One focus lies on the evaluation of literary, epigraphic, numismatic, and archaeological testimonia to find out how the immigrant Greeks and indigenous Karians created charter myths to sanction their land ownership, e.g. by renaming places and landmarks and locating heroes like Latmos, Endymion and Phthir within the landscape. Another key aspect is the evolution of Lake Bafa and its environs. The spatio-temporal changes of this residual lake formed from the former marine ‘Latmian Gulf’ (Ancient Greek: Latmikos Kolpos) are comprehensively reconstructed, based on the synopsis of evidence from the natural sciences and humanities. Its evolution was caused and controlled by the progradation of the Maeander delta (Turkish: Büyük Menderes), which had profound consequences for the rise and decline of several ancient seaport cities, like Myous, Priene, Latmos-Herakleia and Miletos. Finally, the lake sediments are displayed as an excellent geo-bio-archive which helps to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The results contribute to a ‘human geography’ resp. ‘anthropogeography’ of the lower Maeander River region.
"We are very much aware that many people now have an academia.edu site, which they use to disseminate their work. However, Academia.edu and similar sites are not non-profit organizations and they do not exist simply to disseminate information. Our contract with JSTOR grants them exclusive online rights to our articles for a period of three years (the length of time they are included in their Current Scholarship Program). What we recommend to people wishing to use academia.edu is that you post your title page and provide the JSTOR link for your article":
Instead of paying 12 $ to JSTOR, you can also get a free and complete (86 pages) pdf by contacting the authors directly (this pdf also has all original colour figures: Hesperia charges authors with 250 $ for each colour figure in print; in our case, we decided to have only 5 figures printed in colour, for 1,250 $ !!):
During the past six millennia, the famous ancient harbour city Miletus and its environs have expe... more During the past six millennia, the famous ancient harbour city Miletus and its environs have experienced major changes in palaeogeography and palaeoecology, related to (a) the progradation of the Büyük Menderes river delta, (b) fluctuations of sea level within the framework of the post-glacial marine transgression, and (c) the permanent human impact on the ecosystem since Late Chalcolithic times. In this paper, we present new results of our geo-archaeological research in and around Miletus examining palaeogeographic changes and their relation to human settlement activities over different historical periods. Palaeoecology of both coastal and terrestrial environments were reconstructed using sedimentological, foraminiferal, archaeozoological and palynological criteria. Analyses of sediment cores collected around the Temple of Athena revealed that sea level reached its highest stand during the Early Bronze age. a similar pattern is evident on the southern fringe of Lion Harbour embayment around the later sanctuary of Apollo Delphinius, where cultural debris from the Late Chalcolithic period is covered by shallow marine sediments. In the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, the introduction of the goat by the Minoans was a major factor for the progressive degradation of the climax vegetation (open deciduous oak forests) which resulted in increased soil erosion and associated accumulation in the coastal zone. These environmental changes, together with the fall in relative sea level, contributed to the rapid transformation of the Milesian archipelago to the Milesian peninsula during the second millennium BC. In the 6th century BC, the town centre (agora) with the Delphinium and the surrounding areas was extended by man made infill of the southern part of Lion Harbour embayment. Siltation caused by progradation of the Maeander delta since Roman Imperial times largely infilled the harbours of the city and subsequently integrated the peninsula into the floodplain.
Detailed investigations on the Holocene stratigraphy of the lower Messenian plain (SW Peloponnese... more Detailed investigations on the Holocene stratigraphy of the lower Messenian plain (SW Peloponnese, Greece) carried out within the framework of a geoarchaeological study on the Protogeometric Poseidon Sanctuary of Akovitika indicate significant shoreline fluctuations during Holocene times. Sedimentary, geochemical, mineralogical, and microfossil analyses of 18 vibracores document a maximum landward shoreline displacement around 3000 BC. Subsequently, increased sediment loads entering
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here is the full version with all colour figures!
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Through a two-part approach, this article sheds new light on the history of Lake Bafa (modern Bafa Gölü in western Turkey) and the surrounding regions of northwestern Karia and southern Ionia during the last millennia from historical, geoarchaeological, and palynological perspectives. One focus lies on the evaluation of literary, epigraphic, numismatic, and archaeological testimonia to find out how the immigrant Greeks and indigenous Karians created charter myths to sanction their land ownership, e.g. by renaming places and landmarks and locating heroes like Latmos, Endymion and Phthir within the landscape. Another key aspect is the evolution of Lake Bafa and its environs. The spatio-temporal changes of this residual lake formed from the former marine ‘Latmian Gulf’ (Ancient Greek: Latmikos Kolpos) are comprehensively reconstructed, based on the synopsis of evidence from the natural sciences and humanities. Its evolution was caused and controlled by the progradation of the Maeander delta (Turkish: Büyük Menderes), which had profound consequences for the rise and decline of several ancient seaport cities, like Myous, Priene, Latmos-Herakleia and Miletos. Finally, the lake sediments are displayed as an excellent geo-bio-archive which helps to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The results contribute to a ‘human geography’ resp. ‘anthropogeography’ of the lower Maeander River region.
"We are very much aware that many people now have an academia.edu site, which they use to disseminate their work. However, Academia.edu and similar sites are not non-profit organizations and they do not exist simply to disseminate information. Our contract with JSTOR grants them exclusive online rights to our articles for a period of three years (the length of time they are included in their Current Scholarship Program). What we recommend to people wishing to use academia.edu is that you post your title page and provide the JSTOR link for your article":
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2972/hesperia.88.1.0001?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Instead of paying 12 $ to JSTOR, you can also get a free and complete (86 pages) pdf by contacting the authors directly (this pdf also has all original colour figures: Hesperia charges authors with 250 $ for each colour figure in print; in our case, we decided to have only 5 figures printed in colour, for 1,250 $ !!):
alexander.herda@web.de
Papers Brandenburg by Maria Knipping
Talks by Maria Knipping
here is the full version with all colour figures!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Through a two-part approach, this article sheds new light on the history of Lake Bafa (modern Bafa Gölü in western Turkey) and the surrounding regions of northwestern Karia and southern Ionia during the last millennia from historical, geoarchaeological, and palynological perspectives. One focus lies on the evaluation of literary, epigraphic, numismatic, and archaeological testimonia to find out how the immigrant Greeks and indigenous Karians created charter myths to sanction their land ownership, e.g. by renaming places and landmarks and locating heroes like Latmos, Endymion and Phthir within the landscape. Another key aspect is the evolution of Lake Bafa and its environs. The spatio-temporal changes of this residual lake formed from the former marine ‘Latmian Gulf’ (Ancient Greek: Latmikos Kolpos) are comprehensively reconstructed, based on the synopsis of evidence from the natural sciences and humanities. Its evolution was caused and controlled by the progradation of the Maeander delta (Turkish: Büyük Menderes), which had profound consequences for the rise and decline of several ancient seaport cities, like Myous, Priene, Latmos-Herakleia and Miletos. Finally, the lake sediments are displayed as an excellent geo-bio-archive which helps to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The results contribute to a ‘human geography’ resp. ‘anthropogeography’ of the lower Maeander River region.
"We are very much aware that many people now have an academia.edu site, which they use to disseminate their work. However, Academia.edu and similar sites are not non-profit organizations and they do not exist simply to disseminate information. Our contract with JSTOR grants them exclusive online rights to our articles for a period of three years (the length of time they are included in their Current Scholarship Program). What we recommend to people wishing to use academia.edu is that you post your title page and provide the JSTOR link for your article":
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2972/hesperia.88.1.0001?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Instead of paying 12 $ to JSTOR, you can also get a free and complete (86 pages) pdf by contacting the authors directly (this pdf also has all original colour figures: Hesperia charges authors with 250 $ for each colour figure in print; in our case, we decided to have only 5 figures printed in colour, for 1,250 $ !!):
alexander.herda@web.de