The American Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP is a leveraged buyout mechanism so that the em... more The American Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP is a leveraged buyout mechanism so that the employees in a company can, in effect, do a leveraged buyout of part or eventually all of their own company. ESOP is one of the most successful and unifying models for employee ownership in the world. Europe, however, lacks a generic model that could help the fragmented attempts at promoting employee ownership. The method used in the paper is a qualitative analysis of the US ESOP. We find that there are certain central features to the US model that should be maintained in the European attempts, and that there are certain flawed features that should be replaced by a better legal-organizational structure. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main features of the US ESOP model and to define a technical description of the European ESOP, which builds on the good features of the US model and improves the flawed features. The paper also introduces the Slovenian pilot implementation of the European ESOP. The implication of the paper is to provide clarity on the structural features of the dominant employee ownership models, and to inform policy makers promoting employee ownership in Europe.
This book is a collection of chapters. some unpublisbed and some revised
versions of publisbed ar... more This book is a collection of chapters. some unpublisbed and some revised versions of publisbed articles that focus on a common theme. But that common theme is best seen as a "cluster concept" involving such ideas as the following: • diversity. • the logic of commitment in organizations, • parallel experimentation, • contestation, • indirect methods of autonomy-respecting help. • the "how" of social learning .in development assistance, • localisrn, • pragmatism and piecemeal social change, • democratic decision-making. Stated negatively, the chapters argue against the following: • monocentric modes of organization, • experimet1tation that assumes ODe knows where the "Truth" lies, • views based on authoritative and bureaucratic diktat or socinl conformity to "correct" views instead of views born out of wntestation and debate, • modes of "help" the overide or undercut autonomy, • "globalization" as a euphemism for hegemonic or imperialistic investment and control in developing or transition economies, • organizations based on the logic of exit, • big bangery, shock therapy. or engineered social change, • autocratic-techoocratic decision-making based on the logically fallacious methodologies of cost-benefit analysis and the social wealt:h maximization school of juridical thought.
Real estate appraisal is more of a practical art than a theoretical science. Appraisers use a nu... more Real estate appraisal is more of a practical art than a theoretical science. Appraisers use a number of time-honored formulas without great attention to the theoretical derivation of the formulas. While this "cookbook" approach may work as a matter of everyday practice, it leaves much to be desired from a pedagogical viewpoint. When valuation formulas do have a derivation from a certain set of assumptions, then it is quite inappropriate—particularly for the technically-oriented student—for the formulas to be taught as "recipes" established by some authority and simply to be memorized and used.
There are a number of reasonably complex formulas that are used in the income approach to real estate appraisal, particularly as developed in the United States. The necessary assumptions and the proofs of these formulas are usually to be found only in a few scarce journal articles in the United States or in out-of-print books. Hence we have attempted to give here, all in one place, fresh algebraic derivations of the major formulas to make them available to technically adept students and practitioners.
The topic of internal rates of return or IRR's is also covered largely because IRR's are often misunderstood and improperly applied in the real estate appraisal profession as well as in other areas of business. The point is that appraisers should rely on net present values, not IRR's, when giving advice about the selection of investment projects.
This is the main book for my work in political economy. The first half states the arguments in t... more This is the main book for my work in political economy. The first half states the arguments in terms for the general intelligent reader, and the second half focuses on precisely where conventional economics gets it wrong (with only minimal math).
This book goes into the theory behind the democratic firm with an aim to assist in using this mod... more This book goes into the theory behind the democratic firm with an aim to assist in using this model for the privatizations in the post-socialist transitions.
Saunders Mac Lane famously remarked that "Bourbaki just missed" formulating adj... more Saunders Mac Lane famously remarked that "Bourbaki just missed" formulating adjoints in a 1948 appendix (written no doubt by Pierre Samuel) to an early draft of Algebre--which then had to wait until Daniel Kan's 1958 paper on adjoint functors. But Mac Lane was using the orthodox treatment of adjoints that only contemplates the object-to-object morphisms within a category, i.e., homomorphisms or homs. When Samuel's treatment is reconsidered in view of the treatment of adjoints using heteromorphisms or hets (object-to-object morphisms between objects in different categories), then he, in effect, isolated the concept of a left representation solving a universal mapping problem. When dualized to obtain the concept of a right representation, the two halves only need to be united to obtain an adjunction. Thus Samuel was only a now-simple dualization away for formulating adjoints in 1948. Apparently, Bodo Pareigis' 1970 text was the first and perhaps only text to give the heterodox "new characterization" (i.e., heteromorphic treatment) of adjoints. Orthodox category theory uses various relatively artificial devices to avoid formally recognizing hets--even though hets are routinely used by the working mathematician. Finally we consider a "philosophical" question as to whether the most important or basic concept in category theory is the notion of an adjunction (Mac Lane) or the notion of a representable functor (Grothendieck)--which solves a universal mapping problem, and where adjunctions arise as the special case of a bi-representation of dual universal mapping problems.
This chapter compares the role of neoclassical economics in trying to socially engineer the shock... more This chapter compares the role of neoclassical economics in trying to socially engineer the shock therapy post-socialist transition in the former Soviet Union with the robust pragmatism and incrementalism of the Chinese transition to a market economy. The Chinese transition was a success and the Russian transition a debacle—in both cases, of historic proportions. The problem lies not only in the lack of accountability of the elite Western advisors and advisory institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, but in the whole orientation of neoclassical economics as the new “scientific” basis for social engineering on a vast scale.
The American Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP is a leveraged buyout mechanism so that the em... more The American Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP is a leveraged buyout mechanism so that the employees in a company can, in effect, do a leveraged buyout of part or eventually all of their own company. ESOP is one of the most successful and unifying models for employee ownership in the world. Europe, however, lacks a generic model that could help the fragmented attempts at promoting employee ownership. The method used in the paper is a qualitative analysis of the US ESOP. We find that there are certain central features to the US model that should be maintained in the European attempts, and that there are certain flawed features that should be replaced by a better legal-organizational structure. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main features of the US ESOP model and to define a technical description of the European ESOP, which builds on the good features of the US model and improves the flawed features. The paper also introduces the Slovenian pilot implementation of the European ESOP. The implication of the paper is to provide clarity on the structural features of the dominant employee ownership models, and to inform policy makers promoting employee ownership in Europe.
This book is a collection of chapters. some unpublisbed and some revised
versions of publisbed ar... more This book is a collection of chapters. some unpublisbed and some revised versions of publisbed articles that focus on a common theme. But that common theme is best seen as a "cluster concept" involving such ideas as the following: • diversity. • the logic of commitment in organizations, • parallel experimentation, • contestation, • indirect methods of autonomy-respecting help. • the "how" of social learning .in development assistance, • localisrn, • pragmatism and piecemeal social change, • democratic decision-making. Stated negatively, the chapters argue against the following: • monocentric modes of organization, • experimet1tation that assumes ODe knows where the "Truth" lies, • views based on authoritative and bureaucratic diktat or socinl conformity to "correct" views instead of views born out of wntestation and debate, • modes of "help" the overide or undercut autonomy, • "globalization" as a euphemism for hegemonic or imperialistic investment and control in developing or transition economies, • organizations based on the logic of exit, • big bangery, shock therapy. or engineered social change, • autocratic-techoocratic decision-making based on the logically fallacious methodologies of cost-benefit analysis and the social wealt:h maximization school of juridical thought.
Real estate appraisal is more of a practical art than a theoretical science. Appraisers use a nu... more Real estate appraisal is more of a practical art than a theoretical science. Appraisers use a number of time-honored formulas without great attention to the theoretical derivation of the formulas. While this "cookbook" approach may work as a matter of everyday practice, it leaves much to be desired from a pedagogical viewpoint. When valuation formulas do have a derivation from a certain set of assumptions, then it is quite inappropriate—particularly for the technically-oriented student—for the formulas to be taught as "recipes" established by some authority and simply to be memorized and used.
There are a number of reasonably complex formulas that are used in the income approach to real estate appraisal, particularly as developed in the United States. The necessary assumptions and the proofs of these formulas are usually to be found only in a few scarce journal articles in the United States or in out-of-print books. Hence we have attempted to give here, all in one place, fresh algebraic derivations of the major formulas to make them available to technically adept students and practitioners.
The topic of internal rates of return or IRR's is also covered largely because IRR's are often misunderstood and improperly applied in the real estate appraisal profession as well as in other areas of business. The point is that appraisers should rely on net present values, not IRR's, when giving advice about the selection of investment projects.
This is the main book for my work in political economy. The first half states the arguments in t... more This is the main book for my work in political economy. The first half states the arguments in terms for the general intelligent reader, and the second half focuses on precisely where conventional economics gets it wrong (with only minimal math).
This book goes into the theory behind the democratic firm with an aim to assist in using this mod... more This book goes into the theory behind the democratic firm with an aim to assist in using this model for the privatizations in the post-socialist transitions.
Saunders Mac Lane famously remarked that "Bourbaki just missed" formulating adj... more Saunders Mac Lane famously remarked that "Bourbaki just missed" formulating adjoints in a 1948 appendix (written no doubt by Pierre Samuel) to an early draft of Algebre--which then had to wait until Daniel Kan's 1958 paper on adjoint functors. But Mac Lane was using the orthodox treatment of adjoints that only contemplates the object-to-object morphisms within a category, i.e., homomorphisms or homs. When Samuel's treatment is reconsidered in view of the treatment of adjoints using heteromorphisms or hets (object-to-object morphisms between objects in different categories), then he, in effect, isolated the concept of a left representation solving a universal mapping problem. When dualized to obtain the concept of a right representation, the two halves only need to be united to obtain an adjunction. Thus Samuel was only a now-simple dualization away for formulating adjoints in 1948. Apparently, Bodo Pareigis' 1970 text was the first and perhaps only text to give the heterodox "new characterization" (i.e., heteromorphic treatment) of adjoints. Orthodox category theory uses various relatively artificial devices to avoid formally recognizing hets--even though hets are routinely used by the working mathematician. Finally we consider a "philosophical" question as to whether the most important or basic concept in category theory is the notion of an adjunction (Mac Lane) or the notion of a representable functor (Grothendieck)--which solves a universal mapping problem, and where adjunctions arise as the special case of a bi-representation of dual universal mapping problems.
This chapter compares the role of neoclassical economics in trying to socially engineer the shock... more This chapter compares the role of neoclassical economics in trying to socially engineer the shock therapy post-socialist transition in the former Soviet Union with the robust pragmatism and incrementalism of the Chinese transition to a market economy. The Chinese transition was a success and the Russian transition a debacle—in both cases, of historic proportions. The problem lies not only in the lack of accountability of the elite Western advisors and advisory institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, but in the whole orientation of neoclassical economics as the new “scientific” basis for social engineering on a vast scale.
The Fundamental Myth, that the rights to the (whole) product of production (and the management ri... more The Fundamental Myth, that the rights to the (whole) product of production (and the management rights) in a productive opportunity are part and parcel of the ownership of capital (the “means of production”) was introduced and explained in Chap. 1. In this chapter, it is shown how the Fundamental Myth is baked into the simple formulas for the valuation of capital assets used actively (i.e., by hiring in a complementary set of inputs and then selling the produced outputs) as well as into the sophisticated formulas of Miller and Modigliani in corporate finance theory.
The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between ... more The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between the mathematical formalism and experimental results in terms of probabilities. The Born Rule does not occur in ordinary probability theory. Where then does it come from? This has been a topic of considerable controversy in the literature. We take the approach of asking what is the simplest extension of ordinary probability theory where the Born rule appears. This is answered by showing that the Born Rule appears by adding the notion of superposition events (in addition to the ordinary discrete events) to finite probability theory. Hence the rule does not need any physics-based derivation. It is simply a feature of the mathematics of superposition when only superposition events are added to ordinary probability theory.
Conventional classical liberalism takes consent not only as a necessary condition but sometimes a... more Conventional classical liberalism takes consent not only as a necessary condition but sometimes as a sufficient condition for the legitimacy of an institution or practice. This chapter reviews the acceptance of contractual slavery or servitude from ancient times down to and including the modern era. The case against the sufficiency of consent is based on the notion of inalienable rights, rights that may not be alienated even with consent. The intellectual history of inalienable rights arguments against voluntary slavery or servitude are also reviewed and restated in modern terms. The conclusion is that any institution or practice, e.g., human trafficking, that, in effect, treats a person as a non-person, as only a means instead of as an end-in-themselves, is illegitimate-even with consent.
This paper argues that the use of hired labor in non-worker cooperatives violates the moral stand... more This paper argues that the use of hired labor in non-worker cooperatives violates the moral standards that should be exemplified in cooperatives. All cooperatives (as opposed to conventional corporations) allocate membership rights as personal rights (rather than property rights) to those who patronize the cooperatives-which is evidenced by the one-person one-vote rule. However, most cooperative organizations today do not meet original cooperative standards; non-worker cooperatives do not represent any cooperative activity of the members since the only joint activity of the organization is carried out by employees. The idea that cooperatives are democratically governed does not apply to non-worker cooperatives since the members are not choosing the managers or governors of their own activity but of the activity of the people working in the cooperative.
With the collapse of communism, the most common political beliefs today are some form of liberali... more With the collapse of communism, the most common political beliefs today are some form of liberalism, or classical liberalism as it is called in America. Classical liberalism has the common foundation that a necessary condition for the legitimacy of any institution is that it is based on consent. But there are two distinct wings of classical liberalism where the differentiating criterion is whether or not consent (always fully informed) is also sufficient for legitimacy. The more libertarian wing takes consent as being essentially sufficient while the democratic wing embodies a notion of inalienable rights that descends from the Enlightenment in the abolitionist and democratic movements which would outlaw or abolish certain contracts even with consent. The distinction between these two classical liberal traditions is almost completely neglected and ignored in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to document those two wings of classical liberalism and to deduce their quite different implications for the nature of the firm.
The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between ... more The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between the mathematical formalism and experimental results in terms of probabilities. The Born Rule does not occur in ordinary probability theory. Where then does it come from? This has been a topic of considerable controversy in the literature. We take the approach of asking what is the simplest extension of ordinary probability theory where the Born rule appears. This is answered by showing that the Born Rule appears by adding the notion of superposition events (in addition to the ordinary discrete events) to finite probability theory. Hence the rule does not need any physics-based derivation. It is simply a feature of the mathematics of superposition when only superposition events are added to ordinary probability theory.
This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantu... more This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantum mechanics (QM). The mathematical formalism of QM is significantly different from that of classical physics. Where did that distinctive QM formalism come from? Our thesis is that the mathematics (not the physics) of QM is the Hilbert space version of the math of partitions on a set and, conversely, the math of partitions is a skeletonized set level version of the math of QM. Since at the set level, partitions are the mathematical tool to represent distinctions and indistinctions (or definiteness and indefiniteness), this approach shows how to interpret the key non-classical QM notion of superposition in terms of (objective) indefiniteness between definite alternatives. Hence this partitional approach substantiates what might be called the Objective Indefiniteness Interpretation of QM.
This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantu... more This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantum mechanics (QM). The mathematical formalism of QM is significantly different from that of classical physics. Where did that distinctive QM formalism come from? Our thesis is that the mathematics (not the physics) of QM is the Hilbert space version of the math of partitions on a set and, conversely, the math of partitions is a skeletonized set level version of the math of QM. Since at the set level, partitions are the mathematical tool to represent distinctions and indistinctions (or definiteness and indefiniteness), this approach shows how to interpret the key non-classical QM notion of superposition in terms of (objective) indefiniteness between definite alternatives. Hence this partitional approach substantiates what might be called the Objective Indefiniteness Interpretation of QM.
Finite probability theory is enriched by introducing the mathematical notion (no physics involved... more Finite probability theory is enriched by introducing the mathematical notion (no physics involved) of a superposition event ΣS-in addition to the usual discrete event S (subset of the outcome space U = (u1, ..., un)). Mathematically, the two types of events are distinguished using n × n density matrices. The density matrix ρ (S) for a discrete event is diagonal and the density matrix ρ (ΣS) is obtained as an outer product |s⟩ ⟨s| of a normalized vector |s⟩ ∈ R n. Probabilities are defined using density matrices as Pr (T |ρ) = tr [PT ρ] where T ⊆ U and PT is the diagonal projection matrix with diagonal entries χT (ui). Then for the singleton {ui} ⊆ U , the probability of the outcome ui conditioned by the superposition event ΣS is Pr ({ui} |ΣS) = ⟨ui|s⟩ 2 , the Born Rule. Thus the Born Rule arises naturally from the mathematics of superposition when superposition events are added to ordinary finite probability theory. No further explanation is required when the mathematics uses C n instead of R n except that the square ⟨ui|s⟩ 2 is the absolute square |⟨ui|s⟩| 2 .
With the collapse of communism, the most common political beliefs today are some form of liberali... more With the collapse of communism, the most common political beliefs today are some form of liberalism, or classical liberalism as it is called in America. Classical liberalism has the common foundation that a necessary condition for the legitimacy of any institution is that it is based on consent. But there are two distinct wings of classical liberalism where the differentiating criterion is whether or not consent is also sufficient for legitimacy. The more libertarian wing takes consent as being essentially sufficient while the democratic wing embodies a notion of inalienable rights that descends from the Enlightenment in the abolitionist and democratic movements which would outlaw or abolish certain contracts even with consent. The purpose of this paper is to document those two wings of classical liberalism and to deduce their quite different implications for the nature of the firm. Contractual perpetual servitude Democratic classical liberalism Application to the firm Factual inalienability in the long-term or short-term The firm and the human rental contract Reaction of conventional classical liberalism to inalienable rights theory The firm without human rentals References 1. Conventional classical liberalism (often referred to as "libertarianism") takes (informed and knowledgeable) consent to also be sufficient for legitimacy, in contrast to:
This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantu... more This paper presents a new 'partitional' approach to understanding or interpreting standard quantum mechanics (QM). The thesis is that the mathematics (not the physics) of QM is the Hilbert space version of the math of partitions on a set and, conversely, the math of partitions is a skeletonized set level version of the math of QM. Since at the set level, partitions are the mathematical tool to represent distinctions and indistinctions (or de…niteness and inde…niteness), this approach shows how to interpret the key non-classical QM notion of superposition in terms of (objective) inde…niteness between de…nite alternatives (as opposed to seeing it as the sum of 'waves'). Hence this partitional approach substantiates what might be called the Objective Inde…niteness Interpretation or what Abner Shimony called the Literal Interpretation of QM.
In finite probability theory, events are subsets of the outcome set. Subsets can be represented b... more In finite probability theory, events are subsets of the outcome set. Subsets can be represented by 1-dimensional column vectors. By extending the representation of events to two dimensional matrices, we can introduce "superposition events." Probabilities are introduced for classical events, superposition events, and their mixtures by using density matrices. Then probabilities for experiments or 'measurements' of all these events can be determined in a manner exactly like in quantum mechanics (QM) using density matrices. Moreover the transformation of the density matrices induced by the experiments or 'measurements' is the Lüders mixture operation as in QM. And finally by moving the machinery into the n-dimensional vector space over Z_2, different basis sets become different outcome sets. That 'non-commutative' extension of finite probability theory yields the pedagogical model of quantum mechanics over Z_2 that can model many characteristic non-classical results of QM.
Corporations have been getting a bad rap lately. Many blame "corporations" for a litany of ills t... more Corporations have been getting a bad rap lately. Many blame "corporations" for a litany of ills that, upon closer examination, should be blamed on another institution. Our goal is to analyze a miscellany of fallacies concerning the Citizens United case, corporate personhood, the stakeholder theory, the affected interests principle, and finally ending with the deeper fallacies concerning the rights of capital that are embedded in the conventional economic theories of capital and corporate finance. In the last analysis, there is another institution that arguably is more at the root of the problems in the current economic system, namely the renting of human beings in the employment relation.
The defining properties of a bifunctor are verified in the case of the
mapping cs Het : Mor(X) x... more The defining properties of a bifunctor are verified in the case of the mapping cs Het : Mor(X) x Mor(A) -------> Set .
This paper is only a collection of likenesses and representative quotations from thinkers about i... more This paper is only a collection of likenesses and representative quotations from thinkers about inalienability and inalienable rights starting from Antiquity down to the present. The point is that one can get a decent grasp of the theory of inalienability just by reading the quotations and seeing the common golden thread. Sufficient bibliographical references are given so that students can use the quotes with proper references.
This is a collection of likenesses or pictures and some representative quotations of a number of ... more This is a collection of likenesses or pictures and some representative quotations of a number of less well-known supporters (all dead white men) of workplace democracy. The same information is available on the Facebook page: Abolish Human Rentals.
Classical liberalism tends to respond to the criticism of any voluntary market contract by promot... more Classical liberalism tends to respond to the criticism of any voluntary market contract by promoting a wider choice of options and increased information and bargaining power so that no one would seem to be 'forced' or 'tricked' into an 'unconscionable' contract. Hence, at first glance, the strict logic of the classical liberal free market philosophy would seem to mitigate against ever abolishing any mutually voluntary contract between knowledgeable and consenting adults. Yet the modern liberal democratic societies have abolished (i.e., treated as invalid) at least three types of historical contracts: the voluntary slavery contract, the coverture marriage contract, and an undemocratic constitution to establish an autocratic government. Thus, the rights associated with those contracts are considered as inalienable. This paper analyzes these three contracts and shows that there is indeed a deeper classical liberal tradition of jurisprudence that rules out those contracts. The 'problem' is that the same principles imply the abolition of the employment contract-which is the foundation for the economic system that is often (but superficially) identified with classical liberalism itself.
The development of the new logic of partitions (= equivalence relations) dual to the usual Boolea... more The development of the new logic of partitions (= equivalence relations) dual to the usual Boolean logic of subsets, and its quantitative version as the new logical theory of information provide the basic mathematical concepts to describe distinctions/indistinctions, definite-ness/indefiniteness, and distinguishability/indistinguishability. They throw some new light on the objective indefiniteness or literal interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) advocated by Abner Shimony. This paper shows how the mathematics of QM is the math of indefiniteness and thus, literally and realistically interpreted, it describes an objectively indefinite reality at the quantum level. In particular, the mathematics of wave propagation is shown to also be the math of the evolution of indefinite states that do not change the degree of indistinctness between states. This corrects the historical wrong turn of seeing QM as "wave mechanics" rather than the mechanics of particles with indefinite/definite properties. For example, the so-called "wave-particle duality' for particles is the juxtaposition of the evolution of a particle having an indefinite position ("wave-like" behavior) with a particle having a definite position (particle-like behavior).
Logical information theory is the quantitative version of the logic of partitions just as logical... more Logical information theory is the quantitative version of the logic of partitions just as logical probability theory is the quantitative version of the dual Boolean logic of subsets. The resulting notion of information is about distinctions, di¤erences, and distinguishability, and is formalized using the distinctions ('dits') of a partition (a pair of points distinguished by the partition). All the de…nitions of simple, joint, conditional, and mutual entropy of Shannon information theory are derived by a uniform transformation from the corresponding de…nitions at the logical level. The purpose of this paper is to give the direct generalization to quantum logical information theory that similarly focuses on the pairs of eigenstates distinguished by an observable, i.e., qudits of an observable. The fundamental theorem for quantum logical entropy and measurement establishes a direct quantitative connection between the increase in quantum logical entropy due to a projective measurement and the eigenstates (cohered together in the pure su-perposition state being measured) that are distinguished by the measurement (decohered in the post-measurement mixed state). Both the classical and quantum versions of logical entropy have simple interpretations as " two-draw " probabilities for distinctions. The conclusion is that quantum logical entropy is the simple and natural notion of information for quantum information theory focusing on the distinguishing of quantum states.
In her recent book Private Government, Elizabeth Anderson makes a powerful but pragmatic case aga... more In her recent book Private Government, Elizabeth Anderson makes a powerful but pragmatic case against the abuses experienced by employees in conventional corporations. The purpose of this review-essay is to contrast Anderson’s pragmatic critique of many abuses in the employment relation with a principled critique of the employment relationship itself. This principled critique is based on the theory of inalienable rights that descends from the Reformation doctrine of the inalienability of conscience down through the Enlightenment in the abolitionist, democratic, and feminist movements. That theory was the basis for the abolition of the voluntary slavery or self-sale contract, the voluntary non-democratic constitution (pactum subjectionis), and the voluntary coverture marriage contract in today’s democratic countries. When understood in modern terms, that same theory applies as well against the voluntary self-rental or employment contract that is the basis for our current economic system.
Logical information theory is the quantitative version of the logic of partitions just as logical... more Logical information theory is the quantitative version of the logic of partitions just as logical probability theory is the quantitative version of the dual Boolean logic of subsets. The resulting notion of information is about distinctions, differences, and distinguishability, and is formalized as the distinctions of a partition (a pair of points distinguished by the partition). All the definitions of simple, joint, conditional, and mutual entropy of Shannon information theory are derived by a uniform transformation from the corresponding definitions at the logical level. The purpose of this paper is to give the direct generalization to quantum logical information theory that similarly focuses on the pairs of eigenstates distinguished by an observable, i.e., qubits of an observable. The fundamental theorem for quantum logical entropy and measurement establishes a direct quantitative connection between the increase in quantum logical entropy due to a projective measurement and the eigenstates (cohered together in the pure superposition state being measured) that are distinguished by the measurement (decohered in the post-measurement mixed state). Both the classical and quantum versions of logical entropy have simple interpretations as " two-draw " probabilities. The conclusion is that quantum logical entropy is the simple and natural notion of information for a quantum information theory focusing on the distinguishing of quantum states.
This is a talk given at the University of Salerno Italy on the logic of partitions, dual to the u... more This is a talk given at the University of Salerno Italy on the logic of partitions, dual to the usual Boolean logic of subsets (usually presented in only the special case of propositional logic) and its quantitative version, the logical theory of information based on logical entropy (which is contrasted with the usual notion of Shannon entropy).
This is a talk given at the University of Salerno Italy on how to interpret the math of quantum m... more This is a talk given at the University of Salerno Italy on how to interpret the math of quantum mechanics as the Hilbert space version of the set-level math of partitions (or equivalence relations). That in turn implies that the characteristic features of quantum level reality is objective indefiniteness--since that is what is described mathematically by partitions.
This was a talk about how to interpret the math of quantum mechanics as the Hilbert space version... more This was a talk about how to interpret the math of quantum mechanics as the Hilbert space version of the math of set-level partitions (or equivalence relations). That then implies that quantum level reality should be characterized by the concepts of partition math, namely indefiniteness and definiteness.
These are the slides for a talk connecting the feminist critique of the coverture marriage contra... more These are the slides for a talk connecting the feminist critique of the coverture marriage contract and the neo-abolitionist critique of the employment contract.
Uploads
versions of publisbed articles that focus on a common theme. But that common theme is best seen as a "cluster concept" involving such ideas as the following:
• diversity.
• the logic of commitment in organizations,
• parallel experimentation,
• contestation,
• indirect methods of autonomy-respecting help.
• the "how" of social learning .in development assistance,
• localisrn,
• pragmatism and piecemeal social change,
• democratic decision-making.
Stated negatively, the chapters argue against the following:
• monocentric modes of organization,
• experimet1tation that assumes ODe knows where the "Truth" lies,
• views based on authoritative and bureaucratic diktat or socinl conformity to
"correct" views instead of views born out of wntestation and debate,
• modes of "help" the overide or undercut autonomy,
• "globalization" as a euphemism for hegemonic or imperialistic investment and control in developing or transition economies,
• organizations based on the logic of exit,
• big bangery, shock therapy. or engineered social change,
• autocratic-techoocratic decision-making based on the logically fallacious
methodologies of cost-benefit analysis and the social wealt:h maximization school of juridical thought.
There are a number of reasonably complex formulas that are used in the income approach to real estate appraisal, particularly as developed in the United States. The necessary assumptions and the proofs of these formulas are usually to be found only in a few scarce journal articles in the United States or in out-of-print books. Hence we have attempted to give here, all in one place, fresh algebraic derivations of the major formulas to make them available to technically adept students and practitioners.
The topic of internal rates of return or IRR's is also covered largely because IRR's are often misunderstood and improperly applied in the real estate appraisal profession as well as in other areas of business. The point is that appraisers should rely on net present values, not IRR's, when giving advice about the selection of investment projects.
versions of publisbed articles that focus on a common theme. But that common theme is best seen as a "cluster concept" involving such ideas as the following:
• diversity.
• the logic of commitment in organizations,
• parallel experimentation,
• contestation,
• indirect methods of autonomy-respecting help.
• the "how" of social learning .in development assistance,
• localisrn,
• pragmatism and piecemeal social change,
• democratic decision-making.
Stated negatively, the chapters argue against the following:
• monocentric modes of organization,
• experimet1tation that assumes ODe knows where the "Truth" lies,
• views based on authoritative and bureaucratic diktat or socinl conformity to
"correct" views instead of views born out of wntestation and debate,
• modes of "help" the overide or undercut autonomy,
• "globalization" as a euphemism for hegemonic or imperialistic investment and control in developing or transition economies,
• organizations based on the logic of exit,
• big bangery, shock therapy. or engineered social change,
• autocratic-techoocratic decision-making based on the logically fallacious
methodologies of cost-benefit analysis and the social wealt:h maximization school of juridical thought.
There are a number of reasonably complex formulas that are used in the income approach to real estate appraisal, particularly as developed in the United States. The necessary assumptions and the proofs of these formulas are usually to be found only in a few scarce journal articles in the United States or in out-of-print books. Hence we have attempted to give here, all in one place, fresh algebraic derivations of the major formulas to make them available to technically adept students and practitioners.
The topic of internal rates of return or IRR's is also covered largely because IRR's are often misunderstood and improperly applied in the real estate appraisal profession as well as in other areas of business. The point is that appraisers should rely on net present values, not IRR's, when giving advice about the selection of investment projects.
mapping cs Het : Mor(X) x Mor(A) -------> Set .