The Slavonic Translation of the Office for St. Naum of Ochrid with a Short Vita Compared with Its Greek Text, 2024
The Greek Office for for St. Naum of Ochrid was found in a manuscript from 1646, kept in the Athe... more The Greek Office for for St. Naum of Ochrid was found in a manuscript from 1646, kept in the Athens Library no. 827 and in a manuscript from 1690-1694, kept in the Bulgarian Historic Archive in the National Library “SS. Cyril and Methodius” in Sofia, no. ІА7793. It is available also in several old printed editions (Venice 1695, Moschopolis 1740 and 1742, Leipzig 1761, Wien 1824). The Slavonic translation of the Office with a Short Vita embedded in it was found in a manuscript from the 18th century by Piotr Lavrov who published it in 1907. Unfortunately this manuscript, which has been kept in the Belgrade Library, was burnt in the World War II. A comparison between the Slavonic and the Greek text of the Office and the Short Vita, based on their vocabularies, is provided in the article. The analysis of the Slavonic counterparts of the Greek words shows that the translator was an educated person, who was fluent in both Greek and Old Church Slavonic and had wide experience in working with texts. He prepared an exact and clear translation with a rich vocabulary.
The Old Church Slavonic Synonymy in the Early Translations in the Festal and Office Menaia, 2013
Some of the offices or parts of offices (canons, stichera, troparia, cathismae, kondakia) in the ... more Some of the offices or parts of offices (canons, stichera, troparia, cathismae, kondakia) in the early South and East Slavonic Festal and Office Menaia have been translated more than once. The article discusses the different translations of the Canon for St. Clement of Rome by Joseph the Hymnographer, the Canon for St. Theodore Tyron, the Canon for St. Apostle Philip, the Canon for St. Luke the Evangelist, a sticheron for St. Matthew the Evangelist. Different levels of synonymy are analyzed: lexical, terminological, grammatical levels and the level of the interpretation of the Greek text.
The Offices for St. Theodore Tyron in the Slavic Tradition, 2018
St. Theodore Tyron has two feasts in the Orthodox calendar: on 17 February and on the first Satur... more St. Theodore Tyron has two feasts in the Orthodox calendar: on 17 February and on the first Saturday of the Great Lent. The Slavonic offices for both feasts from 10th century to the present day are discussed in the article. Further, the Slavonic texts of the Canons for St. Theodore, written by John of Damascus and by Theophanes the Confessor in their different redactions are given.
Хоризонти на словото. Сборник в чест на 80-годишнината на проф. Кирил Топалов. София: УИ „Св. Климент Охридски“, 377-387., 2023
The Maritime Vocabulary in Old Bulgarian
The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as ... more The Maritime Vocabulary in Old Bulgarian The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as well as the nautical terminology are discussed in the paper. The analysis of the Old Slavonic texts shows that there existed a rich Slavonic vocabulary, connected with the sea and the navigation. The terms пѫина (sea abyss), вълаꙗти сѧ (floating in the sea), корабль (ship), ладии (boat), вѣтрило (sail), носъ (bow), кръма (stern), кръмило (rudder) are common Slavonic, and the terms прѣходьць (small boat), ꙗдрина (sail), котъка (anchor), корабьии (sailor), кръмьии (helmsman) were created in Bulgaria. We can conclude that Slavs were well acquainted with the sea and the navigation, and the habits of the comunication with the sea have been further developed in medieval Bulgaria. Key words: maritime vocabulary, navigation, Old Church Slavonic translations, Old Bulgarian texts.
Искра Христова-Шомова. Начало книги Бытия в Кирилло-Мефодиевском переводе, в преславской редакции... more Искра Христова-Шомова. Начало книги Бытия в Кирилло-Мефодиевском переводе, в преславской редакции, в служебных минеях и в полных библиях Объектом этой статьи является начало книги Бытия (1:1-13), которое исползуется как чтение в церковной службе Рождества Христова. Приводится текст этого чтения по нескольким источникам: Кирилло-Мефодиевский перевод (в Паремейнике Григоровича), преславская редакция (в Охридской библии), в минее старого извода (в Драгановой минее), в двух минеях нового извода (Охридская минея и Рила 2/18), в Геннадиевской и в Острожской библиях. В целом, тексты из этих источников разделяются на две группы. В первую (архаическую) попадают Григоровичев паремейник, Драганова минея и Охридская библия. Во вторую группу попадают Охридская минея, Рила 2/18 и две полные библии. Текст, который находится в источниках из второй группы был редактирован на Афоне, в кружке старца Иосифа. Ключевые слова: Библия, книга Бытия, славянский перевод, Паремейник, служебная минея Iskra Hristova-Shomova. The Beginning of Тhe Book of Genesis in the Cyrillo-Methodian Translation, the Preslav Redaction, the Office Menaia and the Full Bibles The subject of the paper is the beginning of the Book of Genesis (1:1-13), regarding the feast of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. The text of this reading is taken from several sources: the Cyrillo-Methodian translation (in the Grigorovich Parimejnik); the Preslav Redaction (in the Ochrid Bible); a Menaion of the old recension (Draganov Menaion); two Menaia of the new recension (Ochrid Menaion and Rila 2/18); the Genadian Bible; and the Ostrog Bible. Generally, we can divide the texts of these those sources into two groups. Grigorovich Parimejnik, the Ochrid Bible, and Draganov Menaion belong to the first one (the archaic group), and Ochrid Menaion, Rila 2/18, the Genadian Bible, and the Ostrog Bible belong to the second one whose text was revised on the Mount Athos in the circle of Monk Joseph.
Encyclopaedia slavica sanctorum (eslavsanct.net) is designed as a complex heterogenous multimedia... more Encyclopaedia slavica sanctorum (eslavsanct.net) is designed as a complex heterogenous multimedia product. It is part of the project Encyclopaedia Slavica Sanctorum: Saints and Holy Places in Bulgaria (in electronic and Guthenberg versions). Until 2013, its web-based platform for online management and presentation of structured digital content has been prepared and numerous materials have been input. The platform is developed using the server technologies PHP, MySQL and HTML, JavaScript, CSS on the client side. The search in the e-ESS can be made by different parameters (12, or combinations of parameters), such as saints’ or feasts’ names, type of sainthood, types of texts dedicated to the saints, dates of saints’ commemorations, and several others. Both guests and registered users can search in the e-ESS but the latter have access to much more information including the publications of original sources. The e-platform allows for making statistics of what have been searched and read....
В статията са разгледани две четива от Притчи Соломонови (1,1–9 и 3,13– 20), поместени във Втория... more В статията са разгледани две четива от Притчи Соломонови (1,1–9 и 3,13– 20), поместени във Втория берамски бревиар, в съпоставка с три глаголически и три кирилски средновековни източника: Първи Връбнички бревиар от ХІІ-ХІІІ в., Хървоев мисал от началото на ХV в., Чешка глаголическа библия от 1416 г., Григоровичев паримейник от ХІІ в., ръкопис от РНБ F .І.461 от ХІV в., Острожка библия от 1591 г. От сравнението се вижда, че между гръцкия и латинския текст на тези четива има разлики както на синтактично, така и на лексикално равнище. В първото четиво двата хърватски бревиара най-често следват синтаксиса на латинския текст, като запазват лексиката от ранния (Кирило-Методиев) превод от гръцки. Във второто четиво между двата хърватски бревиара има повече и по-значителни разлики. Първият връбнички бревиар сдържа стария превод от гръцки почти без промени и съвпада с кирилските източници, а във Втория берамски бревиар и Хървоевия мисал текстът съответства на латинския синтактично и по дължи...
The specific features of the calendar of the Ostromir Gospel are discussed in this paper in compa... more The specific features of the calendar of the Ostromir Gospel are discussed in this paper in comparison with the calendars of other Slavonic manuscripts, gospels and apostoli. The Ostromir Gospel contains a large number of rare commemorations that are typical of the Typikon of the Great Church Hagia Sofia. The paper provides a list of these commemorations together with data from the other Slavonic manuscripts in which they are included. The list shows that the largest number of these commemorations are found in several Bulgarian apostoli: the Enina Apostol, the Ohrid Apostol, Apostol No. 882 in the National Library in Sofia, Apostol and Gospel No. 508 in the National Library in Sofia, and in two Bulgarian menaia: the Draganov Menaion and the Menaion from the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg No. F.п.I.72. The paper also examines another specific feature of the Ostromir Gospel: the short hagiographic information it contains on some of the saints. These data are very simil...
Облици и комуникациjе на средновековњом Балкану (ІV-ХVІ век), 2020
The Old Recension Office Menaia contain offices, which were used before the Jerusalem Typicon and... more The Old Recension Office Menaia contain offices, which were used before the Jerusalem Typicon and the New Recension Office Menaia are used after the adoption of Jerusalem Typicon, until now. Той е уникален сред останалите ръкописи с това, че съдържа някои канони, които не се срещат в другите староизводни служебни минеи, но са въведени в новоизводните. Тези канони са за 20 ноември (Предпразненство на Въведение Богородично), 7 януари (св. Йоан Кръстител), 3 февруари (св. Симеон Богоприимец), 17 февруари (св. Теодор Тирон), 24 юни (Рождество на св. Йоан Кръстител), 2 юли (Полагане на ризата и пояса на Богородица). Освен това, текстовете на службите в Братковия миней понякога следват първоначалния превод, а в други случаи отразяват текст, който е редактиран, по всяка вероятност в Преслав в средата на Х век. В него има и слчаи на текст, който е комбинация между двете редакции. Това показва, че книжовниците, които са писали Братковия миней, са разполагали с повече от един източник на службите. The Bratko Menaion is kept in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, no. Pc 647. It consists of four parts. The first part is an Office Menaion for September and October, the second one is an Office Menaion for November. Both these parts were written in the second quarter of the 13th century. The third part is a Festal Menaion for December and January and the fourth part is a Festal Menaion for February-August. These two parts were written in the 14th century. The Bratko Menaion is one of the Old Recension manuscripts which contain some rare canons and stichera. It is unique among the other manuscripts of that kind containing some canons, which were not used in the Old Recension Office Menaia, but were included in the New Recension Office Menaia. These are the canons for the 20th November (Prefeast of Entrance of Theotokos), 7 January (St. John the Baptist), 3rd February (St. Simeon), 17 February (St. Theodoros Tyron), 24 June (Nativity of St. John the Baptis), 2 July (Deposition of the Holy Robe and Belt of the Holy Mother). Further, the texts included in the Bratko menaion sometimes follow the first translation of the Offices and sometimes follow the redaction of the translations, which was done most probably in Preslav in the middle of the 10th century. There are some examples of collated texts between both redactions, which testifies that the scriptors of the Bratko Menaion used more than one source for the Offices. Key words: Office Menaion, Festal Menaion, Old Recension, New Recension, canon, sticheron, translation
The Slavonic Translation of the Office for St. Naum of Ochrid with a Short Vita Compared with Its Greek Text, 2024
The Greek Office for for St. Naum of Ochrid was found in a manuscript from 1646, kept in the Athe... more The Greek Office for for St. Naum of Ochrid was found in a manuscript from 1646, kept in the Athens Library no. 827 and in a manuscript from 1690-1694, kept in the Bulgarian Historic Archive in the National Library “SS. Cyril and Methodius” in Sofia, no. ІА7793. It is available also in several old printed editions (Venice 1695, Moschopolis 1740 and 1742, Leipzig 1761, Wien 1824). The Slavonic translation of the Office with a Short Vita embedded in it was found in a manuscript from the 18th century by Piotr Lavrov who published it in 1907. Unfortunately this manuscript, which has been kept in the Belgrade Library, was burnt in the World War II. A comparison between the Slavonic and the Greek text of the Office and the Short Vita, based on their vocabularies, is provided in the article. The analysis of the Slavonic counterparts of the Greek words shows that the translator was an educated person, who was fluent in both Greek and Old Church Slavonic and had wide experience in working with texts. He prepared an exact and clear translation with a rich vocabulary.
The Old Church Slavonic Synonymy in the Early Translations in the Festal and Office Menaia, 2013
Some of the offices or parts of offices (canons, stichera, troparia, cathismae, kondakia) in the ... more Some of the offices or parts of offices (canons, stichera, troparia, cathismae, kondakia) in the early South and East Slavonic Festal and Office Menaia have been translated more than once. The article discusses the different translations of the Canon for St. Clement of Rome by Joseph the Hymnographer, the Canon for St. Theodore Tyron, the Canon for St. Apostle Philip, the Canon for St. Luke the Evangelist, a sticheron for St. Matthew the Evangelist. Different levels of synonymy are analyzed: lexical, terminological, grammatical levels and the level of the interpretation of the Greek text.
The Offices for St. Theodore Tyron in the Slavic Tradition, 2018
St. Theodore Tyron has two feasts in the Orthodox calendar: on 17 February and on the first Satur... more St. Theodore Tyron has two feasts in the Orthodox calendar: on 17 February and on the first Saturday of the Great Lent. The Slavonic offices for both feasts from 10th century to the present day are discussed in the article. Further, the Slavonic texts of the Canons for St. Theodore, written by John of Damascus and by Theophanes the Confessor in their different redactions are given.
Хоризонти на словото. Сборник в чест на 80-годишнината на проф. Кирил Топалов. София: УИ „Св. Климент Охридски“, 377-387., 2023
The Maritime Vocabulary in Old Bulgarian
The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as ... more The Maritime Vocabulary in Old Bulgarian The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as well as the nautical terminology are discussed in the paper. The analysis of the Old Slavonic texts shows that there existed a rich Slavonic vocabulary, connected with the sea and the navigation. The terms пѫина (sea abyss), вълаꙗти сѧ (floating in the sea), корабль (ship), ладии (boat), вѣтрило (sail), носъ (bow), кръма (stern), кръмило (rudder) are common Slavonic, and the terms прѣходьць (small boat), ꙗдрина (sail), котъка (anchor), корабьии (sailor), кръмьии (helmsman) were created in Bulgaria. We can conclude that Slavs were well acquainted with the sea and the navigation, and the habits of the comunication with the sea have been further developed in medieval Bulgaria. Key words: maritime vocabulary, navigation, Old Church Slavonic translations, Old Bulgarian texts.
Искра Христова-Шомова. Начало книги Бытия в Кирилло-Мефодиевском переводе, в преславской редакции... more Искра Христова-Шомова. Начало книги Бытия в Кирилло-Мефодиевском переводе, в преславской редакции, в служебных минеях и в полных библиях Объектом этой статьи является начало книги Бытия (1:1-13), которое исползуется как чтение в церковной службе Рождества Христова. Приводится текст этого чтения по нескольким источникам: Кирилло-Мефодиевский перевод (в Паремейнике Григоровича), преславская редакция (в Охридской библии), в минее старого извода (в Драгановой минее), в двух минеях нового извода (Охридская минея и Рила 2/18), в Геннадиевской и в Острожской библиях. В целом, тексты из этих источников разделяются на две группы. В первую (архаическую) попадают Григоровичев паремейник, Драганова минея и Охридская библия. Во вторую группу попадают Охридская минея, Рила 2/18 и две полные библии. Текст, который находится в источниках из второй группы был редактирован на Афоне, в кружке старца Иосифа. Ключевые слова: Библия, книга Бытия, славянский перевод, Паремейник, служебная минея Iskra Hristova-Shomova. The Beginning of Тhe Book of Genesis in the Cyrillo-Methodian Translation, the Preslav Redaction, the Office Menaia and the Full Bibles The subject of the paper is the beginning of the Book of Genesis (1:1-13), regarding the feast of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. The text of this reading is taken from several sources: the Cyrillo-Methodian translation (in the Grigorovich Parimejnik); the Preslav Redaction (in the Ochrid Bible); a Menaion of the old recension (Draganov Menaion); two Menaia of the new recension (Ochrid Menaion and Rila 2/18); the Genadian Bible; and the Ostrog Bible. Generally, we can divide the texts of these those sources into two groups. Grigorovich Parimejnik, the Ochrid Bible, and Draganov Menaion belong to the first one (the archaic group), and Ochrid Menaion, Rila 2/18, the Genadian Bible, and the Ostrog Bible belong to the second one whose text was revised on the Mount Athos in the circle of Monk Joseph.
Encyclopaedia slavica sanctorum (eslavsanct.net) is designed as a complex heterogenous multimedia... more Encyclopaedia slavica sanctorum (eslavsanct.net) is designed as a complex heterogenous multimedia product. It is part of the project Encyclopaedia Slavica Sanctorum: Saints and Holy Places in Bulgaria (in electronic and Guthenberg versions). Until 2013, its web-based platform for online management and presentation of structured digital content has been prepared and numerous materials have been input. The platform is developed using the server technologies PHP, MySQL and HTML, JavaScript, CSS on the client side. The search in the e-ESS can be made by different parameters (12, or combinations of parameters), such as saints’ or feasts’ names, type of sainthood, types of texts dedicated to the saints, dates of saints’ commemorations, and several others. Both guests and registered users can search in the e-ESS but the latter have access to much more information including the publications of original sources. The e-platform allows for making statistics of what have been searched and read....
В статията са разгледани две четива от Притчи Соломонови (1,1–9 и 3,13– 20), поместени във Втория... more В статията са разгледани две четива от Притчи Соломонови (1,1–9 и 3,13– 20), поместени във Втория берамски бревиар, в съпоставка с три глаголически и три кирилски средновековни източника: Първи Връбнички бревиар от ХІІ-ХІІІ в., Хървоев мисал от началото на ХV в., Чешка глаголическа библия от 1416 г., Григоровичев паримейник от ХІІ в., ръкопис от РНБ F .І.461 от ХІV в., Острожка библия от 1591 г. От сравнението се вижда, че между гръцкия и латинския текст на тези четива има разлики както на синтактично, така и на лексикално равнище. В първото четиво двата хърватски бревиара най-често следват синтаксиса на латинския текст, като запазват лексиката от ранния (Кирило-Методиев) превод от гръцки. Във второто четиво между двата хърватски бревиара има повече и по-значителни разлики. Първият връбнички бревиар сдържа стария превод от гръцки почти без промени и съвпада с кирилските източници, а във Втория берамски бревиар и Хървоевия мисал текстът съответства на латинския синтактично и по дължи...
The specific features of the calendar of the Ostromir Gospel are discussed in this paper in compa... more The specific features of the calendar of the Ostromir Gospel are discussed in this paper in comparison with the calendars of other Slavonic manuscripts, gospels and apostoli. The Ostromir Gospel contains a large number of rare commemorations that are typical of the Typikon of the Great Church Hagia Sofia. The paper provides a list of these commemorations together with data from the other Slavonic manuscripts in which they are included. The list shows that the largest number of these commemorations are found in several Bulgarian apostoli: the Enina Apostol, the Ohrid Apostol, Apostol No. 882 in the National Library in Sofia, Apostol and Gospel No. 508 in the National Library in Sofia, and in two Bulgarian menaia: the Draganov Menaion and the Menaion from the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg No. F.п.I.72. The paper also examines another specific feature of the Ostromir Gospel: the short hagiographic information it contains on some of the saints. These data are very simil...
Облици и комуникациjе на средновековњом Балкану (ІV-ХVІ век), 2020
The Old Recension Office Menaia contain offices, which were used before the Jerusalem Typicon and... more The Old Recension Office Menaia contain offices, which were used before the Jerusalem Typicon and the New Recension Office Menaia are used after the adoption of Jerusalem Typicon, until now. Той е уникален сред останалите ръкописи с това, че съдържа някои канони, които не се срещат в другите староизводни служебни минеи, но са въведени в новоизводните. Тези канони са за 20 ноември (Предпразненство на Въведение Богородично), 7 януари (св. Йоан Кръстител), 3 февруари (св. Симеон Богоприимец), 17 февруари (св. Теодор Тирон), 24 юни (Рождество на св. Йоан Кръстител), 2 юли (Полагане на ризата и пояса на Богородица). Освен това, текстовете на службите в Братковия миней понякога следват първоначалния превод, а в други случаи отразяват текст, който е редактиран, по всяка вероятност в Преслав в средата на Х век. В него има и слчаи на текст, който е комбинация между двете редакции. Това показва, че книжовниците, които са писали Братковия миней, са разполагали с повече от един източник на службите. The Bratko Menaion is kept in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, no. Pc 647. It consists of four parts. The first part is an Office Menaion for September and October, the second one is an Office Menaion for November. Both these parts were written in the second quarter of the 13th century. The third part is a Festal Menaion for December and January and the fourth part is a Festal Menaion for February-August. These two parts were written in the 14th century. The Bratko Menaion is one of the Old Recension manuscripts which contain some rare canons and stichera. It is unique among the other manuscripts of that kind containing some canons, which were not used in the Old Recension Office Menaia, but were included in the New Recension Office Menaia. These are the canons for the 20th November (Prefeast of Entrance of Theotokos), 7 January (St. John the Baptist), 3rd February (St. Simeon), 17 February (St. Theodoros Tyron), 24 June (Nativity of St. John the Baptis), 2 July (Deposition of the Holy Robe and Belt of the Holy Mother). Further, the texts included in the Bratko menaion sometimes follow the first translation of the Offices and sometimes follow the redaction of the translations, which was done most probably in Preslav in the middle of the 10th century. There are some examples of collated texts between both redactions, which testifies that the scriptors of the Bratko Menaion used more than one source for the Offices. Key words: Office Menaion, Festal Menaion, Old Recension, New Recension, canon, sticheron, translation
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Papers by Iskra Hristova-Shomova
A comparison between the Slavonic and the Greek text of the Office and the Short Vita, based on their vocabularies, is provided in the article. The analysis of the Slavonic counterparts of the Greek words shows that the translator was an educated person, who was fluent in both Greek and Old Church Slavonic and had wide experience in working with texts. He prepared an exact and clear translation with a rich vocabulary.
The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as well as the nautical terminology are discussed in the paper. The analysis of the Old Slavonic texts shows that there existed a rich Slavonic vocabulary, connected with the sea and the navigation. The terms пѫина (sea abyss), вълаꙗти сѧ (floating in the sea), корабль (ship), ладии (boat), вѣтрило (sail), носъ (bow), кръма (stern), кръмило (rudder) are common Slavonic, and the terms прѣходьць (small boat), ꙗдрина (sail), котъка (anchor), корабьии (sailor), кръмьии (helmsman) were created in Bulgaria. We can conclude that Slavs were well acquainted with the sea and the navigation, and the habits of the comunication with the sea have been further developed in medieval Bulgaria.
Key words: maritime vocabulary, navigation, Old Church Slavonic translations, Old Bulgarian texts.
The Bratko Menaion is kept in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, no. Pc 647. It consists of four parts. The first part is an Office Menaion for September and October, the second one is an Office Menaion for November. Both these parts were written in the second quarter of the 13th century. The third part is a Festal Menaion for December and January and the fourth part is a Festal Menaion for February-August. These two parts were written in the 14th century. The Bratko Menaion is one of the Old Recension manuscripts which contain some rare canons and stichera. It is unique among the other manuscripts of that kind containing some canons, which were not used in the Old Recension Office Menaia, but were included in the New Recension Office Menaia. These are the canons for the 20th November (Prefeast of Entrance of Theotokos), 7 January (St. John the Baptist), 3rd February (St. Simeon), 17 February (St. Theodoros Tyron), 24 June (Nativity of St. John the Baptis), 2 July (Deposition of the Holy Robe and Belt of the Holy Mother). Further, the texts included in the Bratko menaion sometimes follow the first translation of the Offices and sometimes follow the redaction of the translations, which was done most probably in Preslav in the middle of the 10th century. There are some examples of collated texts between both redactions, which testifies that the scriptors of the Bratko Menaion used more than one source for the Offices.
Key words: Office Menaion, Festal Menaion, Old Recension, New Recension, canon, sticheron, translation
A comparison between the Slavonic and the Greek text of the Office and the Short Vita, based on their vocabularies, is provided in the article. The analysis of the Slavonic counterparts of the Greek words shows that the translator was an educated person, who was fluent in both Greek and Old Church Slavonic and had wide experience in working with texts. He prepared an exact and clear translation with a rich vocabulary.
The terms connected with the sea and the sea abyss, as well as the nautical terminology are discussed in the paper. The analysis of the Old Slavonic texts shows that there existed a rich Slavonic vocabulary, connected with the sea and the navigation. The terms пѫина (sea abyss), вълаꙗти сѧ (floating in the sea), корабль (ship), ладии (boat), вѣтрило (sail), носъ (bow), кръма (stern), кръмило (rudder) are common Slavonic, and the terms прѣходьць (small boat), ꙗдрина (sail), котъка (anchor), корабьии (sailor), кръмьии (helmsman) were created in Bulgaria. We can conclude that Slavs were well acquainted with the sea and the navigation, and the habits of the comunication with the sea have been further developed in medieval Bulgaria.
Key words: maritime vocabulary, navigation, Old Church Slavonic translations, Old Bulgarian texts.
The Bratko Menaion is kept in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, no. Pc 647. It consists of four parts. The first part is an Office Menaion for September and October, the second one is an Office Menaion for November. Both these parts were written in the second quarter of the 13th century. The third part is a Festal Menaion for December and January and the fourth part is a Festal Menaion for February-August. These two parts were written in the 14th century. The Bratko Menaion is one of the Old Recension manuscripts which contain some rare canons and stichera. It is unique among the other manuscripts of that kind containing some canons, which were not used in the Old Recension Office Menaia, but were included in the New Recension Office Menaia. These are the canons for the 20th November (Prefeast of Entrance of Theotokos), 7 January (St. John the Baptist), 3rd February (St. Simeon), 17 February (St. Theodoros Tyron), 24 June (Nativity of St. John the Baptis), 2 July (Deposition of the Holy Robe and Belt of the Holy Mother). Further, the texts included in the Bratko menaion sometimes follow the first translation of the Offices and sometimes follow the redaction of the translations, which was done most probably in Preslav in the middle of the 10th century. There are some examples of collated texts between both redactions, which testifies that the scriptors of the Bratko Menaion used more than one source for the Offices.
Key words: Office Menaion, Festal Menaion, Old Recension, New Recension, canon, sticheron, translation