For the study were used Vitex agnus-castus L.,
Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shru... more For the study were used Vitex agnus-castus L., Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shrubs and Nerium oleander L. as evergreen one. Plants were planted in two variants, in the ground kept there over year and in pots in winter time removed under plastic house where temperature ranged 3-6 °C. The soil characteristics were comparable in both variants. During of 2011-2013s were assessed processes of adaptability, growth phenophases, year increments and content of chosen metabolites in leaves. Growth phenophases moved on almost one month later at variants in the ground. The year increments at plants planted in pots were significantly less than those planted in the ground and achieved 40-75 cm and 85-95 cm high respectively. The deciduous woody plants planted in the ground were flowered each year, produced germinable seeds and no damage by frost at almost -15 °C. At evergreen Nerium oleander all above ground shoots have frozen at -15 °C in winter time and regenerated fro m root neck and grown over next year. Those a new shoots were survived through next winter at -5 °C and leaves from plants of both planting variants were sampled for analyses of selected metabolites. Results shows almost balanced content of starch from both growing variants and achieved 4.73% in pots and 4.34% of dry weight in plants growing in the ground. Total leaf sugar content (in pots/in the ground) achieved 3.72/7.39%, chlorophyll a = 0.60/0.79 mg.g-1, chlorophyll b = 0.28/0.56 mg.g-1 and carotenoids represents 0.27/0.97 mg.g-1 content in the leaves. The content of analysed metabolites in the leaves of assessed Nerium oleander was generally higher at plants in the ground compared with plots and statistically significant. Assessed metabolites should be considered as markers of hardiness in studied woody plants.
The study was carried out in 2011–2014 at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture ... more The study was carried out in 2011–2014 at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic. Cupressus sempervirens L. was planted in two types of planting, plants planted direct in the soil and stayed outside during winter time and plants planted in pots and protected during winter time, when plants were removed in to greenhouse from end of November until end of March. The sample of young, one year leaves had been taken in end of January when temperature over night was (–7°C) and at 9 am was (–3°C). The results showed that there are significant differences between plants planted outside and plants protected during winter time in all of studied characteristics. Plants planted in ground had the highest chlorophyll a and total sugar content in comparison with plants in pots which were in greenhouse when temperature has recorded on (8°C) in average. There is an inverse relationship between chlorophyll a and total sugar and starch. The study found also an inverse relationship between total sugar and starch content in the leaves. Also an inverse relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was found; increase of chlorophyll a leads to decrease of chlorophyll b content. Key words: Cupressus sempervirens L. leaves, plant pigments, sugar, starch contents
The study was carried out in 2011–2014 year at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agricultu... more The study was carried out in 2011–2014 year at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic. For the experiment the following woody plants were taken: Callistemon laevis Ball., Cupressus sempervirens L., Lagerstroemia indica L., Laurus nobilis L., Nerium oleander L., Pittosporum tobita L., Trachycarpos fortunei (HOOK) H.WENDL., Viburnum tinus L., Vitex agnuscastus L., Zizypus jujuba L. These woody species were planted in two types of planting, plants planted direct into the soil and stayed outside during winter time and plants planted in pots and protected during winter time, when plants were removed in to polytunel greenhouse from end of November until end of March. Growth phenology of woody plants refers to seasonal biological life cycles driven by environmental factors, and is considered to be a sensitive and significant indicator of climate change. The proposed study attempted to quantify changes in selected species. Phenological studies were carried out during three years, from April 2011 to end of growing season in 2013. Growing phenological characteristics were evaluated and the success of adaptation to the specific environmental conditions which plants was introduced. Within study period the year increment of individual plants was assessed and compared between two forms of plantings. The pigments and carbohydrate content in leaves for ever green species were analysed. The sample of young, one year leaves had been taken in end of January when temperature over night was -7 °C. The results showed that there are significant differences between plants planted outside and plants protected during winter time in all of studied characteristics. Plants planted in ground had the higher chlorophyll a and, chlorophyll b as well as carotene content in the leaves in comparison with plants in pots which were in greenhouse when temperature has recorded from 4 to 8 °C. On the other hand there was found lower content of starch and total sugar content in the leaves of plants which were planted in land on open spaces. The differences in studied metabolites content were statistically significant. The study obtained results showed that the lowest winter hardiness was in Callistemon laevis. The study found that a better hardiness was shown by the deciduous plants. Growth phenophases presented relatively great differences at the all observed individuals in each year and in both planting types and still greater during all period of observation.
For the study were used Vitex agnus-castus L.,
Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shru... more For the study were used Vitex agnus-castus L., Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shrubs and Nerium oleander L. as evergreen one. Plants were planted in two variants, in the ground kept there over year and in pots in winter time removed under plastic house where temperature ranged 3-6 °C. The soil characteristics were comparable in both variants. During of 2011-2013s were assessed processes of adaptability, growth phenophases, year increments and content of chosen metabolites in leaves. Growth phenophases moved on almost one month later at variants in the ground. The year increments at plants planted in pots were significantly less than those planted in the ground and achieved 40-75 cm and 85-95 cm high respectively. The deciduous woody plants planted in the ground were flowered each year, produced germinable seeds and no damage by frost at almost -15 °C. At evergreen Nerium oleander all above ground shoots have frozen at -15 °C in winter time and regenerated fro m root neck and grown over next year. Those a new shoots were survived through next winter at -5 °C and leaves from plants of both planting variants were sampled for analyses of selected metabolites. Results shows almost balanced content of starch from both growing variants and achieved 4.73% in pots and 4.34% of dry weight in plants growing in the ground. Total leaf sugar content (in pots/in the ground) achieved 3.72/7.39%, chlorophyll a = 0.60/0.79 mg.g-1, chlorophyll b = 0.28/0.56 mg.g-1 and carotenoids represents 0.27/0.97 mg.g-1 content in the leaves. The content of analysed metabolites in the leaves of assessed Nerium oleander was generally higher at plants in the ground compared with plots and statistically significant. Assessed metabolites should be considered as markers of hardiness in studied woody plants.
The study was carried out in 2011–2014 at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture ... more The study was carried out in 2011–2014 at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic. Cupressus sempervirens L. was planted in two types of planting, plants planted direct in the soil and stayed outside during winter time and plants planted in pots and protected during winter time, when plants were removed in to greenhouse from end of November until end of March. The sample of young, one year leaves had been taken in end of January when temperature over night was (–7°C) and at 9 am was (–3°C). The results showed that there are significant differences between plants planted outside and plants protected during winter time in all of studied characteristics. Plants planted in ground had the highest chlorophyll a and total sugar content in comparison with plants in pots which were in greenhouse when temperature has recorded on (8°C) in average. There is an inverse relationship between chlorophyll a and total sugar and starch. The study found also an inverse relationship between total sugar and starch content in the leaves. Also an inverse relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was found; increase of chlorophyll a leads to decrease of chlorophyll b content. Key words: Cupressus sempervirens L. leaves, plant pigments, sugar, starch contents
The study was carried out in 2011–2014 year at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agricultu... more The study was carried out in 2011–2014 year at Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic. For the experiment the following woody plants were taken: Callistemon laevis Ball., Cupressus sempervirens L., Lagerstroemia indica L., Laurus nobilis L., Nerium oleander L., Pittosporum tobita L., Trachycarpos fortunei (HOOK) H.WENDL., Viburnum tinus L., Vitex agnuscastus L., Zizypus jujuba L. These woody species were planted in two types of planting, plants planted direct into the soil and stayed outside during winter time and plants planted in pots and protected during winter time, when plants were removed in to polytunel greenhouse from end of November until end of March. Growth phenology of woody plants refers to seasonal biological life cycles driven by environmental factors, and is considered to be a sensitive and significant indicator of climate change. The proposed study attempted to quantify changes in selected species. Phenological studies were carried out during three years, from April 2011 to end of growing season in 2013. Growing phenological characteristics were evaluated and the success of adaptation to the specific environmental conditions which plants was introduced. Within study period the year increment of individual plants was assessed and compared between two forms of plantings. The pigments and carbohydrate content in leaves for ever green species were analysed. The sample of young, one year leaves had been taken in end of January when temperature over night was -7 °C. The results showed that there are significant differences between plants planted outside and plants protected during winter time in all of studied characteristics. Plants planted in ground had the higher chlorophyll a and, chlorophyll b as well as carotene content in the leaves in comparison with plants in pots which were in greenhouse when temperature has recorded from 4 to 8 °C. On the other hand there was found lower content of starch and total sugar content in the leaves of plants which were planted in land on open spaces. The differences in studied metabolites content were statistically significant. The study obtained results showed that the lowest winter hardiness was in Callistemon laevis. The study found that a better hardiness was shown by the deciduous plants. Growth phenophases presented relatively great differences at the all observed individuals in each year and in both planting types and still greater during all period of observation.
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Papers by maryam alkurdi
Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shrubs and Nerium
oleander L. as evergreen one. Plants were planted in two variants,
in the ground kept there over year and in pots in winter time
removed under plastic house where temperature ranged 3-6 °C.
The soil characteristics were comparable in both variants. During of
2011-2013s were assessed processes of adaptability, growth
phenophases, year increments and content of chosen metabolites
in leaves. Growth phenophases moved on almost one month later
at variants in the ground. The year increments at plants planted in
pots were significantly less than those planted in the ground and
achieved 40-75 cm and 85-95 cm high respectively. The deciduous
woody plants planted in the ground were flowered each year,
produced germinable seeds and no damage by frost at almost -15
°C. At evergreen Nerium oleander all above ground shoots have
frozen at -15 °C in winter time and regenerated fro m root neck and
grown over next year. Those a new shoots were survived through
next winter at -5 °C and leaves from plants of both planting variants
were sampled for analyses of selected metabolites. Results shows
almost balanced content of starch from both growing variants and achieved 4.73% in pots and 4.34% of dry weight in plants growing
in the ground. Total leaf sugar content (in pots/in the ground)
achieved 3.72/7.39%, chlorophyll a = 0.60/0.79 mg.g-1, chlorophyll
b = 0.28/0.56 mg.g-1 and carotenoids represents 0.27/0.97 mg.g-1
content in the leaves. The content of analysed metabolites in the
leaves of assessed Nerium oleander was generally higher at plants
in the ground compared with plots and statistically significant.
Assessed metabolites should be considered as markers of
hardiness in studied woody plants.
Books by maryam alkurdi
Lagerstroemia indica L. the both as deciduous shrubs and Nerium
oleander L. as evergreen one. Plants were planted in two variants,
in the ground kept there over year and in pots in winter time
removed under plastic house where temperature ranged 3-6 °C.
The soil characteristics were comparable in both variants. During of
2011-2013s were assessed processes of adaptability, growth
phenophases, year increments and content of chosen metabolites
in leaves. Growth phenophases moved on almost one month later
at variants in the ground. The year increments at plants planted in
pots were significantly less than those planted in the ground and
achieved 40-75 cm and 85-95 cm high respectively. The deciduous
woody plants planted in the ground were flowered each year,
produced germinable seeds and no damage by frost at almost -15
°C. At evergreen Nerium oleander all above ground shoots have
frozen at -15 °C in winter time and regenerated fro m root neck and
grown over next year. Those a new shoots were survived through
next winter at -5 °C and leaves from plants of both planting variants
were sampled for analyses of selected metabolites. Results shows
almost balanced content of starch from both growing variants and achieved 4.73% in pots and 4.34% of dry weight in plants growing
in the ground. Total leaf sugar content (in pots/in the ground)
achieved 3.72/7.39%, chlorophyll a = 0.60/0.79 mg.g-1, chlorophyll
b = 0.28/0.56 mg.g-1 and carotenoids represents 0.27/0.97 mg.g-1
content in the leaves. The content of analysed metabolites in the
leaves of assessed Nerium oleander was generally higher at plants
in the ground compared with plots and statistically significant.
Assessed metabolites should be considered as markers of
hardiness in studied woody plants.