Resumen En una investigacion reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogota, Colom-bia, el 56% de los... more Resumen En una investigacion reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogota, Colom-bia, el 56% de los estudiantes reportaron haber sido robados en el colegio durante el ultimo ano. El presente estudio cualitativo, de corte deductivo, pretendio profundizar en este fenomeno, buscando comprender las di-namicas de robos, asi como los mecanismos de desentendimiento moral que podrian estar facilitando que los vinculados sientan menos culpa. El estudio fue realizado en un colegio publico de nivel socioeconomico bajo y con altos niveles de criminalidad en su contexto comunitario. Inicial-mente, 227 alumnos de sexto y octavo grados respondieron una encuesta de actitudes frente al robo. Con base en sus respuestas, 20 estudiantes con niveles altos de favorabilidad fueron entrevistados, y 40 que tenian niveles bajos o promedio de favorabilidad participaron en grupos focales. Los resultados indicaron que el robo en este colegio presenta un nivel ele-vado de organizacion, e involucra con frecuencia p...
In this article, Enrique Chaux considers the effect that an environment replete with violent poli... more In this article, Enrique Chaux considers the effect that an environment replete with violent political conflict has on children. He cites literature that points to higher levels of aggressive and violent behaviors among children in these settings. Then he examines the case of Colombia and an educational initiative that attempted to foster stronger citizenship competencies among its students. The program, Aulas en Paz,experienced success in lowering aggressive behaviors in students and increasing citizenship competencies among its participants.
Las competencias ciudadanas han surgido recientemente como una alternativa muy valiosa para guiar... more Las competencias ciudadanas han surgido recientemente como una alternativa muy valiosa para guiar la formación ciudadana (Chaux y Velásquez, en prensa; Cox, Jaramillo y Reimers, 2005). Las competencias ciudadanas son todas aquellas capacidades ...
Promover la convivencia pacífica es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la formación para la c... more Promover la convivencia pacífica es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la formación para la ciudadanía y la democracia, especialmente en muchos de los países del continente americano en los cuales los niveles de violencia han estado por décadas entre los más altos a nivel ...
Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries ... more Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries around the world. However, large differences exist between individuals, societal groups, countries, and regions in attitudes toward homosexuality. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LatAmC) are not an exception in either of these trends. More positive attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC countries and significant legal and political changes in favor of LBGT rights have been occurring in the region since the third wave of democratization in the 1980s. Nonetheless, there are important limitations to these advancements: they are highly uneven; they are fragile and likely to become targets of politically motivated public outrage; enforcement is irregular and often faces hostile resistance from the civil servants appointed to enact and uphold them; and LGBT individuals continue to face high levels of violence, making the region one of the deadliest for sexual and gender minorit...
En una investigación reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogotá, Colombia, el 56% de los estudian... more En una investigación reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogotá, Colombia, el 56% de los estudiantes reportaron haber sido robados en el colegio durante el último año. El presente estudio cualitativo, de corte deductivo, pretendió profundizar en este fenómeno, buscando comprender las dinámicas de robos, así como los mecanismos de desentendimiento moral que podrían estar facilitando que los vinculados sientan menos culpa. El estudio fue realizado en un colegio público de nivel socioeconómico bajo y con altos niveles de criminalidad en su contexto comunitario. Inicialmente, 227 alumnos de sexto y octavo grados respondieron una encuesta de actitudes frente al robo. Con base en sus respuestas, 20 estudiantes con niveles altos de favorabilidad fueron entrevistados, y 40 que tenían niveles bajos o promedio de favorabilidad participaron en grupos focales. Los resultados indicaron que el robo en este colegio presenta un nivel elevado de organización, e involucra con frecuencia planeación, d...
Resolving conflicts is very important in life. If you see, here in Colombia, there are people who... more Resolving conflicts is very important in life. If you see, here in Colombia, there are people who take everything wrong.
La presentacion trata sobre la prevencion de la violencia juvenil a traves de la educacion. El au... more La presentacion trata sobre la prevencion de la violencia juvenil a traves de la educacion. El autor se concentra en remarcar la importancia de aprender competencias ademas de valores y conocimientos. El documento incluye temas como: la intervencion temprana, de como involucrar a toda la comunidad educativa en el proyecto y de la importancia de la evaluacion. Esta presentacion formo parte del Foro Internacional Interamericano sobre Seguridad y Convivencia que tuvo lugar en Medellin, Colombia, el 12 de septiembre de 2005.
Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms exp... more Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms explaining this relationship are still being uncovered. This study sought to identify the relationship between exposure to community violence and reactive and proactive aggression, as well as cognitive and emotional variables mediating this relationship. Participants were 1,235 students (from fifth to ninth grade) from localities of Bogota, Colombia, with varying levels of community violence. Analyses of self-reported measures confirmed significant associations between exposure to community violence and both reactive and proactive aggression. Normative beliefs supporting aggression, hostile attribution of intent, positive expectations for aggression, and lack of guilt after aggression, partially mediated these relationships, suggesting strategies for prevention.
Resumen En una investigacion reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogota, Colom-bia, el 56% de los... more Resumen En una investigacion reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogota, Colom-bia, el 56% de los estudiantes reportaron haber sido robados en el colegio durante el ultimo ano. El presente estudio cualitativo, de corte deductivo, pretendio profundizar en este fenomeno, buscando comprender las di-namicas de robos, asi como los mecanismos de desentendimiento moral que podrian estar facilitando que los vinculados sientan menos culpa. El estudio fue realizado en un colegio publico de nivel socioeconomico bajo y con altos niveles de criminalidad en su contexto comunitario. Inicial-mente, 227 alumnos de sexto y octavo grados respondieron una encuesta de actitudes frente al robo. Con base en sus respuestas, 20 estudiantes con niveles altos de favorabilidad fueron entrevistados, y 40 que tenian niveles bajos o promedio de favorabilidad participaron en grupos focales. Los resultados indicaron que el robo en este colegio presenta un nivel ele-vado de organizacion, e involucra con frecuencia p...
In this article, Enrique Chaux considers the effect that an environment replete with violent poli... more In this article, Enrique Chaux considers the effect that an environment replete with violent political conflict has on children. He cites literature that points to higher levels of aggressive and violent behaviors among children in these settings. Then he examines the case of Colombia and an educational initiative that attempted to foster stronger citizenship competencies among its students. The program, Aulas en Paz,experienced success in lowering aggressive behaviors in students and increasing citizenship competencies among its participants.
Las competencias ciudadanas han surgido recientemente como una alternativa muy valiosa para guiar... more Las competencias ciudadanas han surgido recientemente como una alternativa muy valiosa para guiar la formación ciudadana (Chaux y Velásquez, en prensa; Cox, Jaramillo y Reimers, 2005). Las competencias ciudadanas son todas aquellas capacidades ...
Promover la convivencia pacífica es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la formación para la c... more Promover la convivencia pacífica es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la formación para la ciudadanía y la democracia, especialmente en muchos de los países del continente americano en los cuales los niveles de violencia han estado por décadas entre los más altos a nivel ...
Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries ... more Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries around the world. However, large differences exist between individuals, societal groups, countries, and regions in attitudes toward homosexuality. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LatAmC) are not an exception in either of these trends. More positive attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC countries and significant legal and political changes in favor of LBGT rights have been occurring in the region since the third wave of democratization in the 1980s. Nonetheless, there are important limitations to these advancements: they are highly uneven; they are fragile and likely to become targets of politically motivated public outrage; enforcement is irregular and often faces hostile resistance from the civil servants appointed to enact and uphold them; and LGBT individuals continue to face high levels of violence, making the region one of the deadliest for sexual and gender minorit...
En una investigación reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogotá, Colombia, el 56% de los estudian... more En una investigación reciente sobre violencia escolar en Bogotá, Colombia, el 56% de los estudiantes reportaron haber sido robados en el colegio durante el último año. El presente estudio cualitativo, de corte deductivo, pretendió profundizar en este fenómeno, buscando comprender las dinámicas de robos, así como los mecanismos de desentendimiento moral que podrían estar facilitando que los vinculados sientan menos culpa. El estudio fue realizado en un colegio público de nivel socioeconómico bajo y con altos niveles de criminalidad en su contexto comunitario. Inicialmente, 227 alumnos de sexto y octavo grados respondieron una encuesta de actitudes frente al robo. Con base en sus respuestas, 20 estudiantes con niveles altos de favorabilidad fueron entrevistados, y 40 que tenían niveles bajos o promedio de favorabilidad participaron en grupos focales. Los resultados indicaron que el robo en este colegio presenta un nivel elevado de organización, e involucra con frecuencia planeación, d...
Resolving conflicts is very important in life. If you see, here in Colombia, there are people who... more Resolving conflicts is very important in life. If you see, here in Colombia, there are people who take everything wrong.
La presentacion trata sobre la prevencion de la violencia juvenil a traves de la educacion. El au... more La presentacion trata sobre la prevencion de la violencia juvenil a traves de la educacion. El autor se concentra en remarcar la importancia de aprender competencias ademas de valores y conocimientos. El documento incluye temas como: la intervencion temprana, de como involucrar a toda la comunidad educativa en el proyecto y de la importancia de la evaluacion. Esta presentacion formo parte del Foro Internacional Interamericano sobre Seguridad y Convivencia que tuvo lugar en Medellin, Colombia, el 12 de septiembre de 2005.
Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms exp... more Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms explaining this relationship are still being uncovered. This study sought to identify the relationship between exposure to community violence and reactive and proactive aggression, as well as cognitive and emotional variables mediating this relationship. Participants were 1,235 students (from fifth to ninth grade) from localities of Bogota, Colombia, with varying levels of community violence. Analyses of self-reported measures confirmed significant associations between exposure to community violence and both reactive and proactive aggression. Normative beliefs supporting aggression, hostile attribution of intent, positive expectations for aggression, and lack of guilt after aggression, partially mediated these relationships, suggesting strategies for prevention.
Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries ... more Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries around the world. However, large differences exist between individuals, societal groups, countries, and regions in attitudes toward homosexuality. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LatAmC) are not an exception in either of these trends. More positive attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC countries and significant legal and political changes in favor of LBGT rights have been occurring in the region since the third wave of democratization in the 1980s. Nonetheless, there are important limitations to these advancements: they are highly uneven; they are fragile and likely to become targets of politically motivated public outrage; enforcement is irregular and often faces hostile resistance from the civil servants appointed to enact and uphold them; and LGBT individuals continue to face high levels of violence, making the region one of the deadliest for sexual and gender minorities, particularly trans women. Analyses from two large surveys, conducted periodically in several LatAmC countries, which include questions about homophobic attitudes (the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, or ICCS, and the Latin American Public Opinion Project, or LAPOP) show a clear historical pattern of increased acceptance toward homosexuality in most countries. They also reveal large differences between countries with high (e.g., Uruguay) or low (e.g., Haiti) levels of acceptance of homosexuality. Multiple variables are associated with these differences. In almost all countries, women and more educated, less religious, and more politically active participants show more positive attitudes toward homosexuality than men and less educated, more religious (especially evangelical) and less politically involved participants. The analysis of attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC shows that (a) change in attitudes at a large scale is possible and is occurring relatively fast in LatAmC; (b) some countries are greatly lagging behind in these changes, especially in the Caribbean; and (c) policies and programs are urgently needed in the region, not only to facilitate changes in those countries where homophobic attitudes are still very common, but also to consolidate changes that have already been occurring.
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