Daniel Olisa Iweze

The escalation of the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast region of Nigeria since 2009 has led to the death of thousands of people and left over 4 million displaced. Internally displaced persons were resettled by the Nigerian authorities in 22 IDPs camps in Borno and other states in the Northeast region and Abuja. Many of them were resettled in host communities with relatives, friends and also in informal IDP camps. What remains to be investigated is the International Christian Centre for Missions` intervention for the resettlement of the IDPs from the Northeast region at Uhogua in Edo State. This paper argues that the church`s intervention was primarily to offer adequate protection to the IDPs from the minority Christian communities in the Northeast states, whose homes were devastated by Boko Haram. This paper investigates the Church`s intervention being the only faith-based organization that is offering humanitarian assistance to IDP from the Northeast region at its camp in Edo State. It investigates the following: who initiated the idea and established the connections for the Church`s intervention? Who identified and moved the IDPs from the Northeast to the camp? What is the nature of ICCM`s intervention and the challenges faced by the church?

The escalation of the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast
region of Nigeria since 2009 has led to the death of thousands of
people and left over 4 million displaced. Internally displaced persons
were resettled by the Nigerian authorities in 22 IDPs camps in
Borno and other states in the Northeast region and Abuja. Many of
them were resettled in host communities with relatives, friends and
also in informal IDP camps. What remains to be investigated is the
International Christian Centre for Missions` intervention for the
resettlement of the IDPs from the Northeast region at Uhogua in
Edo State. This paper argues that the church`s intervention was
primarily to offer adequate protection to the IDPs from the minority
Christian communities in the Northeast states, whose homes were
devastated by Boko Haram. This paper investigates the Church`s
intervention being the only faith-based organization that is offering
humanitarian assistance to IDP from the Northeast region at its
camp in Edo State. It investigates the following: who initiated the
idea and established the connections for the Church`s intervention?
Who identified and moved the IDPs from the Northeast to the
camp? What is the nature of ICCM`s intervention and the challenges
faced by the church?

The paper analyses the contending debates on the establishment of marketing boards in colonial Nigeria. It analyses their operations within the purview of colonialist and nationalist perspectives. The paper contends that the British established the boards to protect its imperial and economic interests rather than the price stabilization policy they were primarily created for. It submits that the marketing boards were monopoly institutions the British used to cushion the internal contradictions in its post-Second World War economy. It argues that the paltry infrastructural facilities provided by the British administration were not meant to stimulate development but accidental fallouts of colonialism

... The dominance of the Igbos in the luxury bus transport enterprises is attributed to the earlier knowledge and familiarity of the business. There is however, a widely accepted belief by other ethnic groups in Nigeria such as Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Edo, Tiv, Idoma and so on that ...

A Guerra Civil Nigeriana causou muita devastação em Igbolândia como um todo e as necessidades mais urgentes da população eram alimentação, vestuário e abrigo. Para enfrentar esses desafios, o governo nigeriano, sob o general Gowon, introduziu o programa de reconstrução pós-guerra civil para reconstruir Igbolândia. A reconstrução de Igbolândia ocidental, (Anioma) no estado do meio-oeste foi realizada pelo governo do estado do meio-oeste sob o coronel Ogbemudia. Os esforços dos governos federal e estadual do Meio-Oeste na reabilitação e reconstrução da infraestrutura social e econômica danificada em Anioma foram inadequados e isso obrigou a população a embarcar em intervenções de autoajuda individuais e comunitárias. Este artigo explora as verdadeiras estratégias de autoajuda que o povo adotou e afirma que os programas de reconstrução foram tímidos e sutilmente empacotados para marginalizar e dominar o povo igbo ocidental nos aspectos econômicos e políticos do Estado do Meio-Oeste e d...

Author(s): Iweze, Daniel Olisa | Abstract: Towards the later part of the nineteenth century and early part of twentieth century, the British colonial government’s attempt at conquering the Western lgbo people and bringing them under her effective imperial control was met with stiff resistance. In order to subdue the people, the British resorted to the use of military force that eventually culminated in the outbreak of Ekumeku War between the British and the people in Asaba hinterland from 1898 to 1911. Extant literature on the British colonial administration’s incursion on the Western lgbo area and the peoples’ display of patriotic bravery in confronting the superior weaponry of the British troops by prominent historians such as Ohadike and Igbafe overly concentrated on the British conquest and the peoples’ resistance movement as exemplified in the Ekumeku movement. These scholars had given marginal attention to the roles played by the indigenous people who were either coerced by th...

With the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War on 6 July, 1967, Western Igboland which bordered Biafra being part of the Midwest State, was under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. The Biafran incursion into the Midwest State on 9 August, 1967 and the Federal forces re-conquest and occupation turned Western Igboland into a theatre of war and contest between the contending forces which led to devastations of economic and social infrastructure in the area. At the end of the Civil War, the Federal Military government under General Yakubu Gowon put forward the Post-Civil War Reconstruction programmes of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Reconciliation (3Rs), whose assignments were focused on the former Biafran enclave of East-Central State. Midwest State was excluded from the assignments of the Post-Civil-War Reconstruction programmes of the Federal government, damaged infrastructure in Western Igboland were reconstructed by the Midwest State Government under Col. Samuel Ogbemudi...

With the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War on 6 July, 1967, Western Igboland which bordered Biafra being part of the Midwest State, was under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. The Biafran incursion into the Midwest State on 9 August, 1967 and the Federal forces re-conquest and occupation turned Western Igboland into a theatre of war and contest between the contending forces which led to devastations of economic and social infrastructure in the area. At the end of the Civil War, the Federal Military government under General Yakubu Gowon put forward the Post-Civil War Reconstruction programmes of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Reconciliation (3Rs), whose assignments were focused on the former Biafran enclave of East-Central State. Midwest State was excluded from the assignments of the Post-Civil-War Reconstruction programmes of the Federal government, damaged infrastructure in Western Igboland were reconstructed by the Midwest State Government under Col. Samuel Ogbemudi...

When the Boko Haram terrorist sect first struck in Kano in systematic coordinated attacks on the security personnel and government institutions on 20 th January, 2012, it left over 250 people death, many injured and colossal amount of property destroyed. Those affected cut across ethnic and religious divides. The escalation of insurgents` attacks in Kano from 2012 to 2015 had far reaching economic and social impact on the city, but these impacts have not been given adequate historical analysis. This paper examines how the wave of insurgent`s bombings and killings had, to a large extent, disrupted the Kano`s unique social life and age long prominence as a flourishing commercial and industrial centre of Northern Nigeria. It also documents how the insurgents` attacks had affected social relations between the migrant groups and the indigenous Kano host communities. Sources used in this study comprised oral interviews, researcher`s eyewitness accounts, newspaper reports and other relevant published and unpublished works.

The Boko Haram first siege in Kano in systematic, coordinated attacks on the security personnel and government institutions on January 20 2012, leftover 250 people dead and colossal amounts of property destroyed. Those affected cut across ethnic and religious divides, including an unspecified number of Igbos. Insurgent attacks in heavily Igbo populated area in Sabon-Gari (stranger's quarters) escalated significantly with more bomb detonations in Kano. This paper examines Igbos' lived experiences during the insurgency attacks in Kano by exploring the risks the Igbos were exposed to during the heightened attacks on churches and businesses. The orgy of killings traumatized the Igbo and other Kano residents, leading to a mass exodus of Igbos from Kano to their home states in Eastern Nigeria, as their safety and their businesses could no longer be guaranteed. The paper also examines the coping strategies they adopted to survive amidst waves of insurgence attacks in Kano. The paper contends that the Igbo being the largest migrant group in Kano, suffered greatly by the Boko Haram onslaught on Sabon Gari, where many of them resided. It argues that the Igbo coping strategies and resilience enabled them to stay and protect their investments. The paper used mixed data collection of oral interviews, researcher's eye-witness accounts, media reports and secondary data. The paper contributes to the growing scholarship on the impact of Boko Haram insurgency on Igbos and other non-indigenous groups in Northern Nigeria.

The Nigerian Civil War caused a lot of devastations in Igboland as a whole and the most pressing needs of the people were food, clothing and shelter. To tackle these challenges, Nigerian Government under General Gowon introduced the post-civil war reconstruction programme to reconstruct Igboland. The reconstruction of western lgboland, (Anioma) in the Midwest State was undertaken by the Midwest State Government under Col. Ogbemudia. The Federal and Midwest State governments’ efforts in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of damaged social and economic infrastructure in Anioma were inadequate and this compelled the people to embark on individual and communal self-help interventions. This paper explores the veritable self-help strategies the people adopted and contends that the reconstruction programmes were half-hearted, and subtly packaged to marginalize and dominate the Western Igbo people in the economic and political affairs of the Midwest State and larger Nigeria. The overarching argument of the paper is that it was the valorised resilience

The British colonial government established the Marketing Boards in Nigeria at the end of the Second World War in 1940s. The Cocoa Marketing Board was set up in 1947, while the Groundnut, Cotton and Palm Produce Marketing Boards were established in 1949. The boards were established primarily to stabilize Nigerian producers`prices in order to eliminate the seasonal price fluctuations of the export produce. Other reasons were to provide funds for regional governments and economic development of the production areas and scientific research in agriculture; improvement of the quality of the crops through the grading system; and putting to an end a series of producer protests. This paper attempts a critique of the British colonial government`s aims of setting up the Marketing Boards to ascertain whether the price stabilization and fiscal policies of the boards were judiciously implemented or not. It argues that the Marketing Boards only succeeded to some extent in stabilizing seasonal producers`prices, but achieved little in stabilizing producers' income. The profits accrued to Nigerian peasant producers were used by the colonial administration to cushion the internal contradictions in the economy that was devastated during the Second World War. This paper also contends that the British colonial government enunciated the policies to subtly protect her imperial and economic interests at the expense of the Nigerian peasants as the accumulated funds were used for other purposes by the British and their Nigerian compradors rather than the purposes they were meant for. Our analysis, therefore, adopts the materialist interpretation of colonialism which perceives colonialism as largely exploitative and oppressive and maintains that the paltry infrastructural development and social amenities provided by the British were largely accidental fallouts of colonialism. This paper submits that the Marketing Boards were British monopoly statutory institutions created to safeguard her imperial interests and ensure the domination of Nigerian economy. The paper uses qualitative method and the data which comprises both primary and secondary sources.

Abstract
Part of irony of Nigerian situation is that most of the infrastructure inherited from the British colonial administration was either not developed or had been left to dilapidate. The condition of Nigerian roads has not ceased to amaze discerning observers and in effect, the roads have been ranked among the worst in the world. A significant portion of post independence studies on transport systems have been devoted to examination of successive Nigerian government`s budgetary allocations and development in the transport sector in general. While there are comprehensive studies on the railway transport sub-sector as a vital colonial legacy in Nigerian economic history in terms of opening up the country for the British commercial enterprise and imperial control, little has been done in looking at the aspect of the hazards on Nigerian road network. This paper marks a significant shift by examining the risks the Nigerian roads have constituted over time on the motor road transport services. This paper therefore examines the emergence of Luxury bus service as a new modern road transport mode for long distance travels in the country as well as elucidates on the daily experiences encountered by the operators and commuters. It also looks at the unique resilience of the Luxury bus in transforming the road transport sub-sector in terms of minimally surmounting the myriad risks on Nigerian roads. This paper contends that the advent of the Luxury bus has not only revolutionalized the road transport sub-sector, but invariably dominated the road transport services despite the constraints posed by the Nigerian roads. This paper uses valuable information from the lived experiences of the Luxury bus entrepreneurs, drivers, conductors and commuters especially those that ply the North-South and East-West routes in Nigeria.